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IN  MEMORIAM 

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1NSTRVCTOR  IN  ROMANCE 

LANGVAGES  IN  THE 

VNIVERSITY  OF 

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1902-4 


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NEW  LATIN  READER 


EXERCISES  IIST  LATIN  COMPOSITION 


INTENDED  AS  A 

COMPANION  TO  THE  AUTHOR'S  LATIN  GRAMMAR. 

WITH 

REFERENCES,  SUGGESTIONS,  NOTES 
AND  VOCABULARIES. 

BY 

ALBERT  BARENESS,  PH.D.,  LL.D., 

PROFESSOR  IN  BROWN  UNIVERSITY. 


x\  B  RA#V 

(Grammar* 


NEW    YORK 
D.    APPLETON     AND     COMPANY 

1,  3,  AND  5  BOND  STREET 

LONDON:   CAXTON  HOUSE,  PATERNOSTER  SQUARE 

1889 


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M 

Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1877,  by 

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Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1882,  by 

ALBERT  HARKNESS, 
In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


tf3 
If*? 

PREFACE.^^ 


THE  new  Latin  Reader  now  offered  to  the  public  is 
designed  to  furnish  the  learner  a  short,  easy,  and  pro- 
gressive introduction  to  reading  and  writing  Latin.  It 
is  at  once  a  Latin  Reader  and  an  Exercise  Book  in 
Latin  Composition. 

The  author's  full  course  of  Latin  study  embraces  in 
its  first  stage  the  Introductory  Latin  Book,  and  in  its 
second  the  Grammar,  Reader,  and  Latin  Composition. 
In  that  course,  the  Reader  published  several  years 
since  will  still  retain  its  place.  The  present  work 
belongs  to  a  shorter  course,  and  has  been  prepared 
expressly  for  the  accommodation  of  those  schools 
which  are  obliged  to  dispense  with  the  Introductory 
Latin  Book.  It  aims  to  furnish  the  pupil  in  a  single 
volume  a  sufficient  companion  to  the  Latin  Grammar. 
It  comprises  Reading  Lessons,  Exercises  in  Writing 
Latin,  Suggestions  to  the  Learner,  Notes,  a  Latin- 
English,  and  an  English-Latin  Vocabulary. 

Part  First  presents  a  progressive  series  of  exercises 
illustrative  of  grammatical  forms,  inflections,  and 
rules.  These  exercises  are  intended  to  accompany  the 

Vo  m 

.1. 


iv  PREFACE. 

learner  from  the  very  outset  in  his  progress  through 
the  Grammar,  and  thus  to  furnish  him  the  constant 
luxury  of  using  the  knowledge  which  he  is  acquiring. 
The  Latin  has  been  carefully  selected  from  classical 
authors. 

Part  Second  illustrates  connected  discourse,  and 
comprises  Fables,  Anecdotes,  and  History.  Exercises 
in  writing  Latin  are  inserted  at  convenient  intervals. 

The  Suggestions  to  the  Learner  are  intended  to 
direct  the  unskilful  efforts  of  the  beginner,  and  thus 
to  enable  him  to  do  for  himself  much  which  would 
otherwise  require  the  aid  of  his  teacher.  They  aim 
to  point  out  to  him  the  process  by  which  he  may  most 
readily  and  surely  reach  the  meaning  and  the  struc- 
ture of  a  Latin  sentence,  and  then  to  teach  him  to 
embody  that  meaning  in  clear  idiomatic  English.  Ex- 
perience has  abundantly  shown  the  need  of  such  direc- 
tions. The  beginner's  first  efforts  to  solve  the  problem 
presented  by  a  Latin  sentence  are  too  often  little  bet- 
ter than  a  series  of  unsuccessful  conjectures,  while  his 
first  translations  are  purely  mechanical  renderings,  with 
little  regard  either  to  the  thought  of  his  author  or  to 
the  proprieties  of  his  mother-tongue. 

The  Notes  aim  to  furnish  such  collateral  information 
as  will  enable  the  learner  to  appreciate  the  subject 
matter  of  his  reading  lessons,  and  such  special  aid  as 
will  enable  him  to  surmount  real  and  untried  diffi- 
culties. 

In  the  Vocabularies,  the  aim  has  been   to  give   to 


PREFACE.  V 

each  word  the  particular  meanings  which  occur  in  this 
work,  without  omitting,  however,  its  essential  and 
leading  signification. 

In  connection  with  this  statement  of  the  design  and 
plan  of  the  work,  the  author  desires  to  make  his  grate- 
ful acknowledgments  to  the  classical  instructors  who 
have  received  his  previous  works  with  such  marked 
favor,  and  have  used  them  with  such  fidelity  and  skill. 
To  their  hands  this  volume  is  now  respectfully  com- 
mitted. 

BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  July,  1877. 


CONTENTS- 


PART  FIRST. 

GRAMMATICAL    EXERCISES. 
Lesson  Page 

I.  FIRST  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS 1 

II.    SECOND  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS 2 

III.  FIRST  AND  SECOND  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES 4 

IV.  THIRD  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS.  —  CLASS  1 6 

V.   THIRD  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS.  —  CLASS  II 7 

VI.   THIRD  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES 9 

VII.   FOURTH  AND  FIFTH  DECLENSIONS 10 

VIII.   COMPARISON  OF  ADJECTIVES 11 

IX.   PRONOUNS.  —  VERB  SUM 12 

X.  PRONOUNS. — VERB  SUM,  continued 15 

XI.   FIRST  CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE 1C 

XII.   FIRST  CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE 18 

XIII.  SECOND  CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE 19 

XIV.  SECOND  CONJUGATION. — PASSIVE  VOICE 20 

XV.   THIRD  CON JCTGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE 22 

XVI.   THIRD  CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE 23 

XVII.   FOURTH  CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE 24 

XVIII.   FOURTH  CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE 25 

XIX.   VERBS  IN  10  OF  THE  THIRD  CONJUGATION 27 

XX.   DEPONENT  VERBS 28 

XXI.   PERIPHRASTIC  CONJUGATION 29 

XXII.   USE  OF  THE  ACCUSATIVE. 30 

vii 


yiii  CONTENTS. 

Lesson  Page 

XXIII.  USE  OF  THE  DATIVE  AND  GENITIVE 32 

XXIV.  USE  OF  THE  ABLATIVE 33 

XXV.  USE  OF  THE  ABLATIVE,  continued 34 

XXVI.  AGREEMENT  OF  ADJECTIVES,  PRONOUNS,  AND  VERBS.  .  36 

XXVII.  USE  OF  THE  INDICATIVE  AND  SUBJUNCTIVE 37 

XXVIII.  USE  OF  THE  SUBJUNCTIVE  AND  IMPERATIVE 38 

XXIX.  USE  OF  THE  INFINITIVE 39 


PART   SECOND. 

LATIN    SELECTIONS. 

FABLES 41 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 45 

ANECDOTES 45 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 51 

EOMAN  HISTORY 52 

Period  I.    Italian  and  Roman  Kings 52 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 58 

Period  II.   Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests 58 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 64 

Period  III.    Roman  Triumphs 65 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 71 

Period  IV.    Civil  Dissensions 72 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 79 

GRECIAN  HISTORY 80 

Period  I.    Grecian  Triumphs 80 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 84 

Period  II.   Civil  Wars  in  Greece 84 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 88 

Period  III.    Graeco-Macedonian  Empire 89 

Exercise  in  Writing  Latin 97 

SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER 99 

NOTES 109 

LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY 139 

ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY 213 


EXPLANATIONS  OF  REFERENCES  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 


THE  reference  numerals  in  the  Latin  text,  and  in  the  Suggestions, 
refer  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar,  the  Revised  Edition  of  1881,  but 
for  the  convenience  of  students  who  may  have  the  previous  edition, 
a  table  is  added  on  page  223  giving  the  corresponding  sections  in 
that  edition. 

In  the  Notes  and  Vocabulary,  the  Arabic  numerals  refer,  when 
enclosed  in  parentheses,  to  articles  in  this  work ;  and,  when  not 
thus  enclosed,  to  articles  in  the  Grammar. 

Eoman  numerals  refer  to  the  Suggestions. 

The  following  abbreviations  occur : 

adj adjective.  lit literally. 

adv adverb.  m masculine.  * 

comp comparative.  n neuter. 

^      conj conjunction.  part participle. 

defect defective.  pass passive. 

dep deponent.  plur.  or  pi. . .  .plural. 

f feminine.  prep preposition. 

impers impersonal.  pron pronoun. 

indec indeclinable.  subs substantive. 

interj interjection.  euperl ., . .  superlative. 

irreg irregular. 


PART  FIRST. 


GRAMMATICAL    EXEECISES. 


LESSON  I. 

PBONUNCIATION.  —  NOUNS.  —  FIKST   DECLENSION. 

1.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  One  of  the  three  Methods  of  Pronunciation.1 

Roman  Method.  —  5-8 ;  16-18. 
English  Method.  —  9-14 ;  16-18. 
Continental  Method.  — 15-18. 

2.  Nouns.  —  Gender,  Person,  etc.  —  39-42 ;  44-47. 

3.  First  Declension  of  Nouns.  —  48. 

NOTE. — Before  reading  the  Latin  Exercises,  the  pupil  is  expected,  in 
every  instance,  to  learn  carefully  those  portions  of  the  Grammar  which  are 
embraced  in  the  large  type  of  the  sections  designated. 

2.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Corona,  corona,  coronae,2  coronam,  coronarum,  coro- 
nis,  coronas.  2.  Gemma,  gemma,  gemmae,  gemmam, 
gemmarum,  gemmis,  gemmas.  3.  Sapientia,  amicitia, 

1  The  pupil  will,  of  course,  study  only  the  method  adopted  in  the  school. 

2  When  the  same  Latin  form  may  be  found  in  two  or  more  cases,  the  pupil 
is  expected  to  give  the  meaning  for  each  case.    Thus  coronae  may  be  in  the 
Genitive  or  Dative  Singular,  or  in  the  Nominative  or  Vocative  Plural. 


2  LATIN  HEADER. 

justitia',  glori^.  4.  Sapientiam,  amicitiam,  justitiam,  glo- 
riam.  5.  Sapientia,  amicitia,  justitia,  gloria.  6.  Scho- 
larum,  horarum.  7.  Scholis,  horis.  8.  Scholas,  horas. 

3.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Friendship,  friendships.  2.  Of1  friendship,  of 
friendships.  3.  To  friendship,  to  friendships.  4.  By 
friendship,  by  friendships.  5.  Justice,  by  justice,  of 
justice,  to  justice.  6.  Wisdom,  glory.  7.  With  wis- 
dom, with  glory.  8.  To  wisdom,  to  glory.  9.  Of 
wisdom,  of  glory.  10.  Of  a '  crown,  of  a  gem.  11.  With 
the  '  crowns,  with  the  gems. 


LESSON  II. 

SECOND  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS. 

4.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Second  Declension  of  Nouns.  —  51. 

2.  Subject  Nominative.  —  Rule  III.     368. 

3.  Direct  Object.  —  Rule  V.     371. 

5.   Directions  for  Parsing. 

In  parsing  a  Noun,  Adjective,  or  Pronoun, 

1.  Name  the  Part  of  Speech  to  which  it  belongs. 

2.  Decline2  it. 

3.  Give  its  Gender,  Number,  Case,  &c. 

4.  Give  its  Syntax,8  and  the  Rule  for  it. 

1  See  Notes  on  page  109. 

2  Adjectives  should  also  be  compared  (162) . 

3  By  the  Syntax  of  a  word  is  meant  the  Grammatical  construction  of  it. 
Thus  we  give  the  Syntax  of  pu$ri  under  the  Model,  by  stating  that  it  is  the 
subject  of  ambulant. 


NOUNS.  3 

6.    Model  for  Parsing  Subjects. 
Pueri  ambulant,  Boys  walk. 

Pueri  is  a  noun  (39)  of  the  Second  Declension,  as  it  has  i  in  the 
Genitive  Singular  (47)  ;  STEM,  puero.  Singular  :  puer,  pueri,  puero, 
puerum,  puer,  puero.  Plural :  pueri,  puerorum,  pueris,  pueros,  pu- 
eri, pueris.  It  is  of  the  Masculine  gender,  by  42,  I.  1. ;  is  in  the 
Nominative  Plural,  and  is  the  subject  of  ambulant,  according  to 
Rule  III. :  "  The  Subject  of  a  Finite  Verb  is  put  in  the  Nominative." 

7.   Model  for  Parsing  Direct  Objects. 
Sententiam  laudat,  He  praises  the  opinion. 

Sententiam  is  a  noun  (39)  of  the  First  Declension,  as  it  has  ae  in 
the  Genitive  Singular  (47) ;  STEM,  sententia.  Singular :  sententid, 
sententiae,  sententiae,  sentenliam,  sententia,  sententia.  Plural :  sen- 
tentiae,  sententiarum,  sententiis,  sententias,  sententiae,  sententiis.  It 
is  of  the  Feminine  gender,  by  48 ;  is  in  the  Accusative  Singular ; 
and  is  the  Direct  Object  of  the  transitive  verb  laudat,  according  to 
Rule  V. :  "  The  Direct  Object  of  an  action  is  put  in  the  Accusative." 

8.    The  following  verbs  are  added  for  immediate  use. 

Accusat,  he  accuses.         Accusant,  they  accuse. 
Laudat,  Tie  praises.  Laudant,  they  praise. 

Lib&rat,  he  liberates.        Libgrant,  they  liberate. 

9.    Translate  into  English. 

I.  Dommus,     dommi,     domino,     domme,     dommis. 
2.  Gener,  genero,  generorum,  generis.     3.  Servi,  anni. 
4.  Pueri,  soceri.     5.  Agri,  magistri.     6.  Templi,  belli. 
7.  Servis,  annis.     8.  Pugro,  socero.     9.  Agrorum,  magis- 
trorum.     10.  Templa,  bella. 

II.  Coronam   laudat.1      12.    Puer    coronam   laudat.1 

1  On  the  arrangement  of  words,  see  Notes,  page  109. 


4  LATIN  READER. 

13.  Sententiam  laudant.     14.  Servus  puerum  accusat. 
15.  Puer  servum  accusat.     16.  Servi  pueros  accusant. 

10.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  The  slave,  the  slaves.  2.  For  the  slave,  for  the 
slaves.  3.  Of  the  slave,  of  the  slaves.  4.  Of  the 
father-in-law,  of  the  son-in-law.  5.  For  the  fathers-in- 
law,  for  the  sons-in-law.  6.  The  boys,  the  fields. 
7.  With  the  gift,  with  the  gifts. 

8.  He  liberates  the  slave.1  9.  The  son-in-law  lib- 
erates the  slaves.  10.  They  liberate  the  slaves. 
11.  The  slaves  praise  the  boy.  12.  The  boy  praises 
the  slave. 


LESSON  III. 

FIRST  AND   SECOND  DECLENSIONS   OF   ADJECTIVES. 

11.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  First  and  Second  Declensions  of  Adjectives.  — 

148-150. 

2.  Agreement  .of  Adjectives.  —  Rule  XXXIV.     438. 

12.    Model  for  Parsing  Adjectives. 
Verae  Smicitiae,  True  friendships. 

Verae  is  an  adjective  (146)  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions 
(147);  STEM,  vera  (148,  1).  Singular:  N.  verus,  vera,  verum; 
G.  veri,  verae,  veri  ;  D.  vero,  verae,  vero ;  A.  verum,  veram,  verum ; 
V.  vere,  vera,  verum ;  A.  vero,  vera,  vero.  Plural :  N.  veri,  verae, 
vera ;  G.  verorum,  verarum,  verorum ;  D.  veris,  veris,  veris ;  A.  ve- 
ros,  veras,  vera;  V.  veri,  verae,  vera  ;  A.  veris,  veris,  veris.  It  is  in 

1  On  the  arrangement  of  words,  see  Notes. 


ADJECTIVES.  5 

the  Nominative  Plural  Feminine,  and  agrees  with  its  noun  amicitiae, 
according  to  Rule  XXXIV.  :  "  An  Adjective  agrees  with  its  Noun  in 

GENDER,  NUMBER,  and  CASE." 

13.  Certain  forms  of  verbs. 

Amat,  he  loves.  Amant,  they  love. 

Est,  he  is.  Sunt,  they  are. 

14.  Translate  into  English. 

1.  Servus  bonus.  2.  Servi  boni.  3.  Servo  bono. 
4.  Servorum  bonorum.  5.  Servis  bonis.  6.  Regma' 
bonS.  7.  Reglnae  bonae.  8.  Regma  bona.  9.  Regi- 
narum  bonarum.  10.  Regmis  bonis.  11.  Exempli 
boni.  12.  Exempla  bona. 

13.  CoronS  aurea.     14.  Corona  aurea  est.1     15.  Coro- 
nae  sunt  aureae.1    16.  Regma  coronam  laudat.     17.  Re- 
gma bona  coronam  auream  laudat.     18.  Puella  pulchra 
reginam  bonam  amat. 

15.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  A  true  friend.  2.  The  true  friends.  3.  For  a  true 
•  friend*  4.  For  true  friends.  5.  Of  the  true  friend. 
6.  Of  true  friends.  7.  True  glory.  8.  With  true 
glory.  9.  Of  true  glory.  10.  An  acceptable  word. 
11.  Acceptable  words.  12.  With  acceptable  words. 
13.  Of  acceptable  words. 

14.  The  beautiful  queen.     15.  The  queen  is  beauti- 
ful.    16.  They  praise  the  good  queen.     17.  The  girls 
are  good.     18.  The  good  girls  love  the  beautiful  queen. 

19.  The  beautiful  queen  loves  the  good  girls. 

, • . 

1  See  Notes,  page  109. 


6  LATIN   KEADEK. 

LESSON  IV. 

THIRD  DECLENSION  OF  NOUNS.  —  CLASS   I. 

16.    Lesson  from  the  Crrammar. 

1.  Third  Declension  of  Nouns.  —  Class  I.  —  57-61. 

2.  Appositives. — Rule  II.     363. 

3.  Genitive  with  Nouns.  —Rule  XVI.     395. 

17.   Model  for  Parsing  Appositives.1 
Artemisia  regmS,  Artemisia  the  queen. 

Reglna  is  a  noun  (39)  of  the  First  Declension  (48),  as  it  has  ae  in 
the  Genitive  Singular  (47)  ;  STEM,  reglna  (48,  1).  Singular  :  reglna, 
regmae,  reglnae,  reglnam,  reglna,  reglna.  Plural :  reglnae,  regindrum, 
reglnisj  reglnas,  reglnae,  reglnis.  It  is  of  the  Feminine  gender,  as 
the  names  of  females  are  feminine  by  42,  II.  1.  It  is  in  the  Nomina- 
tive Singular,  in  apposition  with  Artemisia,  with  which  it  agrees  in 
case,  according  to  Rule  II. :  "An  Appositive  agrees  in  CASE  with  the 
noun  or  pronoun  which  it  qualifies." 

18.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  PrincTpis,  principum.  2.  Dux,  duces.  3.  Regera, 
reges.  4.  Regis,  militis.  5.  Regi,  militi.  6.  Rege, 
milite.  7.  Reges,  milites.  8.  Regum,  militum.  9. 
Regibus,  militibus. 

10.  Virtus  regis.2  11.  Virtutes  regum.2  12.  Vindex 
libertatis.  13.  Nepotibus  regis.  14.  Virtute  militum. 
15.  Belli  causS.  16.  Belli  causas.  17.  Victoria  regis. 

1  No  special  Model  for  parsing  Genitives  is  deemed  necessaiy,  as  all  nouns 
are  parsed  substantially  in  the  same  way ;   though  different  Rules  are,  of 
course,  assigned  for  different  cases. 

2  See  Notes. 


NOUNS.  7 

18.  Victoriae  regis.     19.   Regis  filiS.     20.   TulliS,  regis 


. 

21.  Virtutem  regis  laudat.  22.  Virtutes  regis  lau- 
dant.  23.  Rex  bonus  est.  24.  Regis  filiam  accusant. 
25.  Tulliam,  regis  filiam,1  accusant.  26.  Cicgro  ora- 
tionem  laudat. 

19.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  The  exile,  the  exiles.  2.  For  the  exile,  for  the 
exiles.  3.  Of  shepherds,  of  orators.  4.  Of  a  shepherd, 
of  an  orator.  5.  Father,  brother.  6.  To  the  father, 
to  the  brother.  7.  Kings,  laws.  8.  Of  the  king,  of  the 
law.  9.  Of  the  kings,  of  the  laws.  10.  For  the  con- 
queror, of  the  conqueror.  11.  The  brother  of  the  con- 
queror. 

12.  The  soldiers  liberate  the  country.  13.  The  king 
liberates  the  slaves.  14.  The  daughter  of  the  king 
liberates  the  slave.  15.  The  orator  praises  the  wisdom 
of  the  judge.  16.  Cicero  the  orator  praises  the  bravery 
of  the  conqueror. 


LESSON  V. 

THIRD   DECLENSION   OF  NOUNS.  —  CLASS   II, 

20.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Third  Declension  of  Nouns.  —  Class  II.  —  62-64. 

2.  Cases  with  Prepositions.2  —  Rule  XXXIII.  432. 

1  See  Notes. 

2  The  Preposition  is  the  part  of  speech  which  shows  the  relations  of  objects 
to  each  other :  in  Italia  esse,  to  be  in  Italy ;  ante  me,  before  me.     Here  in  and 
ante  are  prepositions.     In  the  Vocabulary,  each  preposition,  as  it  occurs,  will 
be  marked  as  such ;  and  the  case  which  may  be  used  with  it  will  be  specified. 

2 


8  LATIN   BEADER. 

21.    Certain  forms  of  verbs. 

H&bit&t,  he  resides.          Habitant,  they  reside, 
Pugn&t,  he  fights.  Pugnant,  they  fight. 

Scribit,  he  writes}-  Scribunt,  they  write.1 

22.    Translate  into  English. 

I.  Nubi,  nube,  nubium.     2.  Hostem,  hostes,  hostibus. 
3.  Carmma,  carmimbus.     4.  Consulis,  passeris.     5.  Con- 
sulum,  passerum.     6.  Consulibus,  passeribus.     7.  Leoni, 
virgmi.     8.    Leones,  virgmes.      9.    Patrem,  pastorem. 
10.  Custodes  urbis. 

II.  Cicero  consul.     12.  Ciceronis  consulis.     13.  Pater 
judicis.    14.  Patres  judicum.    15.  Post  Romuli  mortem. 
16.  Apud  Herodotum,  patrem  historiae.     17.  Ante  lu- 
cem.     18.    Contra  natiiram.      19.    Sermo   de  amicitia. 
20.  Pro  patria.     21.  In  amnem,  in  bello. 

22.  Cicero  de  amicitia  scribit.  23.  Consul  de  virtiite 
scribit.  24.  Pro  patria  pugnat.  25.  Milites  pro  liber- 
tate  pugnant.  26.  Consul  in  urbe  habitat. 

23.    Translate  into  Latin. 

I.  The   citizen,   to   the   citizen,   for   citizens.     2.  A 
cloud,  clouds,  with  a  cloud.     3.  A  king,  a  law.     4.  Of 
fire,   with   fire.      5.  Of  the   animal,  for   the   animals. 
6.  The  law  of  the  state.     7.  The  laws   of  the   state. 
8.  Contrary  to  the. law.     9.  Contrary  to  the  laws  of 
the  state.     10.  By  the  death  of  the  conqueror. 

II.  The  consul  is  writing  to  a  friend.     12.  The  boy 
is  writing  concerning  virtue.     13.  The  boys  are  writing 
concerning  the  death  of  Romulus.     14.  The  conqueror 
is  in  the  city.     15.  The  soldiers  fight  for  the  country. 

i  Or,  he  is  writing,  they  are  writing. 


ADJECTIVES.  9 

LESSON  VI. 

THIRD   DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

24.    Lesson  from  the  Crrammar. 

1.  Third  Declension  of  Adjectives.  — 152-158. 

2.  Predicate  Nouns.1  —  Rule  I.   362. 

25.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Dolor  acer.  2.  Dolores  acres.  3.  Lex  acris.  4. 
Legibus  acribus.  5.  Hostis  crudelis.  6.  Hostem  crude- 
lem.  7.  Miles  fortis.  8.  Virtus  militis  fortis.  9.  In 
agro  fertili,  in  agris  fertilibus.  10.  Post  vitam  brevem. 
11.  Post  pugnas  navales.  12.  Singularis  virtus,  singu- 
lar! virtute. 

13.  Lex  acris  est.  14.  Leges  acres  sunt.  15.  Miles 
est  fortis.  16.  Milites  sunt  fortes.  17.  Consul  virtu- 
tern  militis  fortis  laudat.  18.  Consul  est  orator.  19. 
Cato  magnus  imperator  est. 

26.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  A  useful  citizen.  2.  Of  useful  citizens.  3.  For 
useful  citizens.  4.  Wise  judges.  5.  For  the  wise  judge, 
for  wise  judges.  6.  Brave  soldiers,  for  brave  soldiers. 
7.  The  brave  leader,  brave  leaders.  8.  The  word  of  the 
brave  leader.  9.  By  the  words  of  the  brave  leader. 

1  Every  sentence  consists  of  two  distinct  parts,  expressed  or  implied : 

1.  The  SUBJECT,  or  that  of  which  it  speaks. 

2.  The  PREDICATE,  or  that  which  is  said  of  the  subject. 

Thus,  in  the  first  example  under  the  Rule,  ego,  I,  is  the  subject,  and  sum 
nuntius  is  the  predicate.  When  the  predicate  thus  consists  of  a  noun  with 
the  verb  sum,  or  of  a  noun  with  the  passive  verb,  the  noun  thus  used  is  called 
a  predicate  noun.  Accordingly,  nuntius  in  the  first  example,  and  rex  iu  the 
second,  are  predicate  nouns. 


10  LATIN   READER. 

10,  The  pupils  are  diligent.  11.  The  soldiers  are 
brave.  12.  The  brother  of  the  consul  is  a  brave  soldier. 
13.  The  brother  of  the  king  is  judge.  14.  The  brother 
of  the  orator  is  a  wise  judge. 

LESSON  VII. 

FOURTH   AND   FIFTH  DECLENSIONS. 

27.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Fourth  Declension.  — 116. 

2.  Fifth  Declension.  — 120. 

28.  Certain  forms  of  verbs. 
Audit,  he  hears.  Audiunt,  they  hear. 
Timet,  he  fears.             Timent,  they  fear. 
Vidgt,  he  sees.                Vident,  they  see. 

29.  Translate  into  English. 

1.  Fructus,  cantus.  2.  Fructibus,  cantibus.  3.  Can- 
tus  avis.  4.  Cantu  avis.  5.  Adventus  hiemis.  6.  Post 
adventum  hi&nis.  7.  Post  solis  occasum.  8.  Ante  ad- 
ventum  Caes&ris.  9.  In  conspectu  exercitus.  10.  Diei, 
dierum,  diebus.  11.  Aciei,  aciem,  acie.  12.  Victoriae 
spes.  13.  Victoriae  spe.  14.  Numerus  dierum.  15. 
Gloriae,  anni,  nubis,  cantus,  faciei. 

16.  Puer  magistratum  timet.  17.  Pueri  magistratus 
timent.  18.  Potestas  magistratus  est  magna.  19.  Con- 
sul exercitum  laudat.  20.  Consul  regis  currum  videt. 
21.  Gloria  est  fructus  virtutis. 

30.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  The  army,  the  armies.  2.  For  the  army,  for  the 
armies.  3.  The  arrival  of  the  army.  4.  Before  the 


ADJECTIVES.  11 

arrival  of  the  army.  5.  After  the  arrival  of  the  consul. 
6.  After  the  setting  of  the  sun.  7.  Before  the  attack 
of  the  enemy.  8.  In  the  city,  into  the  city,  for  the 
city.  9.  In  sight  of  the  king.  10.  By  the  orations  of 
Cicero.  11.  After  the  death  of  Cicero,  the  consul. 
12.  A  day,  days.  13.  Of  the  day,  of  the  days.  14. 
With  the  thing,  with  the  things.  15.  Of  the  thing,  of 
the  things. 

16.  The  commander  fears  the  attack  of  the  enemy. 
17.  The  soldiers  fight  in  sight  of  the  commander.  18. 
The  citizens  accuse  the  magistrate.  19.  The  pupil  is 
writing  concerning  hope.  20.  The  girl  hears  the  sing- 
ing of  the  bird. 

LESSON  VIII. 

COMPARISON  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

31.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Comparison  of  Adjectives.  — 160-162. 

2.  Ablative  with  Comparatives.  —  Rule  XXIII.  417. 

3.  Numerals.  — 171,  172;  175-177. 

32.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Triumphus  clarus.  2.  Triumphus  clarior.  3.  Tri- 
umphus clarissimus.  4.  Triumphi  clari.  5.  Triumphi 
clariores.  6.  Triumphi  clarissimi.  7.  Virfortis.  8.  Vir 
fortior.  9.  Vir  fortissimus.  10.  Sapiens  vir.  11.  Sa- 
pientior  vir.  12.  Sapientissimus  vir. 

13.  Fortissimi  viri.  14.  Fortissimorum  virorum  mul- 
titude. 15.  Peiitus  dux.  16.  Peritissimi  duces. 
17.  Bella  funestissima.  18.  Beata  vita,  beatior  vita, 
beatissima  vita.  19.  Donum  gratum,  donum  gratius, 


12  LATIN  HEADER. 

donum  gratissimum.  20.  TJnus  liber,  duo  libri.  21.  Li* 
ber  primus,  liber  secmidus.  22.  Post  tria  bella.  23. 
Tunis  altior  est  quam  murus.  24.  Judex  est  sapientior 
quam  rex.  25.  Sol  major  est  quam  terra.  26.  Lux 
somtu  est  velocior.  27.  Vilius  argentum  est  auro. 

33.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  A  fertile  field.  2.  A  more  fertile  field.  3.  The 
most  fertile  field.  4.  Two  fertile  fields.  5.  More  fer- 
tile fields.  6.  A  useful  life.  7.  A  more  useful  life. 
8.  The  most  useful  life.  9.  The  most  useful  lives. 
10.  Eight  books,  with  eight  books.  11.  The  eighth  book, 
before  the  eighth  book. 

12.  Silver  is  more  valuable  than  iron.  13.  Virtue  is 
more  valuable  than  gold.  14.  Wisdom  is  more  val- 
uable than  money.  15.  Wisdom  is  more  useful  than 
gold.  16.  Virtue  is  better  than  wisdom.  17.  Wisdom 
is  better  than  gold.  18.  Goodness  is  more  valuable 
than l  knowledge.  19.  The  soldiers  are  braver  than  the 
general. 

LESSON  IX. 

PKONOUNS.  —  VERB   SUM. 

34.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Pronouns,   Personal,  Possessive,  and  Demonstra- 

tive. — 182-186. 

2.  Verbs.  — 192-203. 

3.  Sum.  —  Tenses  for  Incomplete  Action.  '  204. 

4.  Agreement  of  Verbs.  —  Rule  XXXVI.  460-463. 

1  In  this  and  the  following  example,  use  guam,  according  to  417,  1. 


PRONOUNS.  —  VERB   SUM.  13 

35.    Directions  for  Parsing  Verbs. 

In  parsing  a  verb, 

1.  Tell  whether  it  is  transitive  or  intransitive  (193), 
name  the  Conjugation  to  which  it  belongs,  and  give  the 
Present  Indicative  Active. 

2.  Give  the  principal  Parts   (202)  and  inflect  the 
tense  in  which  the  given  form  is  found.1 

3.  Give  the  voice,  mood,  tense,  number,  and  person. 

4.  Name  the  subject,  and  give  the  Rule  for  agree- 
ment. 

36.   Models  for  Parsing  the  Verb  Sum. 

1.  Sum  with  Subject. 
Nos2   eramus,    We   were. 

Eramus  is  an  intransitive  irregular 3  verb,  from  sum.  Principal 
Parts:  sum,  esse,  fui, .4  Inflection  of  tense  (Imperfect  Indica- 
tive) :  eram,  eras;  erat,  eramus,  eratis,  erant.  The  form  eramus  is 
found  in  the  Indicative  mood,  Imperfect  tense,  First  person,  Plural 
number,  and  agrees  with  its  subject  nos,  according  to  Kule  XXXVI. : 
"  A  Finite  Verb  agrees  with  its  Subject  in  NUMBER  and  PERSON." 

2.  Sum  without  Subject. 
Fui,  /  have  been. 

Fui  is  an  intransitive  irregular  verb  from  sum.  Principal  Parts  : 
sum,  esse,  fui.  Inflection  of  tense  (Perfect  Indicative)  :  fui,  fiiisti, 
fuit ;  f uimus,  fuistis,  fuerunt,  or  fuere.  The  form  fui  is  found  in 
the  Indicative  mood,  Perfect  tense,  First  person,  Singular  number, 
and  agrees  with  its  subject  ego  omitted  (though  fully  implied  in  the 
ending  i  of  fui),  according  to  Rule  XXXVI. 

1  That  is,  if  the  form  occurs  in  a  given  tense  of  the  Indicative,  give  the 
several  forms  for  the  different  persons  and  numbers  in  that  tense  and  mood. 

2  Nos  is  the  Subject.     With  an  intransitive  verb,  the  Subject  represents 
the  person  (or  tiling)  who  is  in  the  condition,  or  state,  denoted  by  the  verb. 

3  Hence  it  does  not  belong  to  either  of  the  regular  conjugations. 

4  The  Supine  is  wanting. 


14  LATIN  READER. 

37.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Mihi,  tibi,  sibi.  2.  Ad  me,  ad  te.  3.  Contra  nos, 
contra  se.  4.  Pro  vobis.  5.  Mea  vita.  6.  Pro  pa- 
tria  tua.  7.  Contra  patriam  tuam.  8.  Vestri  patres. 
9.  In  nostra  patria.  10.  Hie  puer,  hi  pueri.  11.  Haec 
coron&,  hae  eoronae.  12.  Pro  illis  viris.  13.  Pastor 
illms  regionis.  14.  Idem  locus.  15.  In  eundem  locum. 

16.  Sum,  sumus,  sunt.  17.  Es,  est,  estis.  18.  Eram, 
eramus.  19.  Erat,  erant.  20.  Eris,  eritis.  21.  Erit, 
erunt.  22.  Eras,  ero.  23.  Eratis,  erimus.  24.  Simus, 
sint. 

25.  Aristides  Justus  erat.  26.  Justi  sumus.  27.  Ca- 
to  sapiens  erat.  28.  Sapientes  eritis.  29.  Sapientes 
estis.  30.  Leges  breves  sunt.  31.  Amicus  tuus  ad  te 
scribit.  32.  Consul  patrem  suum  laudat.  33.  Leges 
breves  sunto.  34.  Justi  simus.  35.  Gives  sint  beati. 

38.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  We,  you.  2.  You,  me,  himself.  3.  For  you,  for 
me,  for  himself.  4.  Against  you,  against  me.  5.  My 
book,  your  book,  his  book.  6.  My  books,  your  books, 
his  books.  7.  Our  parents,  your  parents,  their  parents. 
8.  This  letter,  that  letter.  9.  These  letters,  those  let- 
ters. 10.  After  that  victory.  11.  The  same  words. 
12.  With  the  same  words. 

13.  He  is,  they  are.  14.  He  will  be,  they  will  be. 
15.  He  was,  they  were.  16.  I  shall  be,  we  shall  be. 
17.  I  was,  you  were.  18.  I  am,  we  are,  you  will  be. 

19.  The  pupil  will  be  diligent.  20.  The  pupils  were 
diligent.  21.  The  boy  is  good.  22.  He  will  be  happy. 
23.  Good  boys  are  happy.  24.  This  soldier  will  be 
useful.  25.  These  soldiers  were  useful.  26.  Brave 
soldiers  are  useful. 


PRONOUNS. —  VEKB   SUM.  15 

LESSON  X. 

PRONOUNS.  —  VERB   SUM. 

39.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Pronouns — Relative,  Interrogative,  and  Indefinite. 

187-190. 

2.  The  verb  Sum  in  full.  —  204. 

3.  Interrogative  Sentences.  —  351. 

4.  Dative  with  Adjectives.  —  Rule  XIV.     391. 

40.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Patria  Ciceroni  erat  carissima.  2.  Nonne  Romulus 
rex  fuerat?  3.  Romulus  rex  fuerat.  4.  Ebrietas  est 
insania.  5.  Patria  est  parens  omnium  nostrum.  6.  De- 
mosthenes orator  fuit.  7.  Num.  hie  puer  orator  erit? 
8.  Ille  puer  orator  sit.  9.  Philosophia  est  mater  artium. 
10.  Cicero  clarissimus  orator  fuit.  11.  Cantus  avis  ju- 
cundisslmus  est. 

12.  Virtus  mihi  gloria  est  carior.  13.  Patria  mihi 
vita  mea  est  carior.  14.  Quid  est  jucundius  amicitia? 
15.  Quid  multitudmi  gratius  quam  libertas  est?  16. 
Pater  tuus  est  sapientior  quam  tu.  17.  Quis  eloquen- 
tior  fuit  quarn  Demosthenes?  18.  Quidam  consulem 
laudant.  19.  Quidam  se  laudat.  20.  In  mundo  Deus 
est,  qui  cursus  astrorum  conservat. 

41.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Who  was  the  king ?  2.  Was  not  Romulus  king? 
8.  Romulus  was  king.  4.  Who  was  the  leader  of  the 
Romans?  5.  Was  not  Scipio  the  leader  of  the  Romans? 
6.  Scipio  was  the  leader  of  the  Romans.  7.  Your 
brother  is  an  orator.  8.  This  boy  is  my  brother. 
2 


16  LATIN   READER. 

9.  Will  not  these  books  be  useful  to  you?  10.  They 
are  useful  to  us.  11.  This  book  will  be  most  acceptable 
to  my  brother.  12.  Will  not  wisdom  be  more  useful 
to  you  than  gold?  13.  Wisdom  will  be  more  useful  to 
me  than  gold.  14.  Goodness  is  dearer  to  us  than  glory. 
15.  The  Romans  were  braver  than  the  Gauls.  16.  The 
soldiers  were  braver  than  the  general. 


LESSON  XI. 

FIRST  CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE. 

42.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  First  Conjugation.  —  Active  Voice. —  205. 

2.  Review  the  first  three  Declensions  of  Nouns.  —  48, 

51,  55-64. 

3.  Case  of  Address.  —  Rule  IV.     369. 

43.    Models  for  Parsing  Regular  Verbs. 

1.  With  Subject. 

Vos  laudavistis,    You  have  praised. 

Laudavistis  is  a  transitive  verb  (192,  193)  of  the  First  Conjuga- 
tion (201),  from  laudo ;  STEM,  lauda.  Principal  Parts:  laudo,  lau- 
ddre,  laudavi,  laudatum.  Inflection  of  Tense :  lauddvi,  laudavisti, 
laudavit ;  laudavtmus,  laudavistis,  laudaverunt,  or  laudavere.  The 
form  laudavistis  is  found  in  the  Active  voice,  Indicative  mood,  Per- 
fect tense,  Second  person,  Plural  number,  and  agrees  with  its  subject 
vos,  according  to  Rule  XXXVI. :  "  A  Finite  Verb  agrees  with  its 
Subject  in  NUMBER  and  PERSON." 

2.    Without  Subject. 
Laudavistis,     You  have  praised. 

This  is  parsed  like  laudavistis,  above,  except  that  it  agrees  with 
vos  implied  in  the  ending  istis ;  while  laudavistis,  above,  agrees  with 
vos  expressed. 


VERBS.  17 

44.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Amo,  amabam,  amabo.1  2.  Amas,  amabas,  amabis. 
3.  Amat,  amant.1  4.  Amabat,  amabant.  5.  Amabit, 
amabunt.  6.  Amamus,  amabamus,  amabimus.  7.  Ama- 
vi,  amaveram,  amavero.  8.  Amavit,  amaverat,  amav- 
erit.  9.  Amavi,  amavimus.  10.  Amaveram,  amav- 
eramus.  11.  Amavero,  amavermms.  12.  Amem,  ania- 
rem,  amaverim,  amavissem.  13.  Amet,  ament. 

14.  Orationem  laudo.  15.  Orationem  laudamus.  16. 
Orationes  laudabimus.  17.  Virtutem  amatis.  18.  Vir- 
tiitem  amabitis.  19.  Ego  patriam  liberavi.  20.  Patriam 
liberaverunt.  21.  Scipio  milites  laudavit.  22.  Scipio 
milTtum  virtutem  laudabat.  23.  Scipionem  laudamus. 
24.  Milites  patriam  amant.  25.  Milites  pro  patria  pug- 
nabant.  26.  Pittas  pueros  ornat. 

27.  Te,  Scipio,  salutamus.  28.  Vos,  amlci  carissimi, 
saliito.  29.  Vos,  cives  omnes^  salutamus.  30.  Milites 
fortissimi,  patriam  vestram  liberate.  31.  Vestram  vir- 
tutem, juvenes,  laudamus. 

45.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  I  praise,  I  was  praising.  2.  He  praises,  they  praise. 
3.  He  will  praise,  they  will  praise.  4.  He  was  praising, 
they  were  praising.  5.  He  has  loved,  he  had  loved. 
6.  The  soldiers  saved  the  city.  7.  Shepherds  love  the 
mountains.  8.  Do  not  the  citizens  praise  the  king? 

1  The  pupil  should  carefully  compare  the  forms  grouped  together  under  the 
several  numerals,  and  observe  in  what  they  are  alike,  and  in  what  they  are 
unlike.  Thus  amo,  amoham,  amabo,  have  the  letters  am  in  common ;  but 
they  differ  from  each  other  in  the  endings,  o,  abam,  abo.  Originally,  how- 
ever, these  forms  had  not  only  am,  but  ama  in  common,  as  amo  was  originally 
ama-o.  This  common  basis  ama  is  the  $tem  of  the  verb.  Such  forms  as 
ama-t  and  ama-nt  show  the  stem  in  full.  They  arc  formed  respectively  by 
adding  t  and  nt  to  the  stem. 


18  LATIN  HEADER. 

9.  They  praise  the  king.  10.  Soldiers,  you  have  fought 
for  your  country.  11.  Brave  soldiers,  you  have  saved 
your  country. 

12.  The  Rhine  is  a  large  river.  13.  Rome  was  a 
beautiful  city.  14.  Cato  was  a  wise  man.  15.  Your 
father  is  a  wise  man.  16.  Lavinia  was  the  daughter 
of  the  king.  17.  Latinus  was  king.  18.  Lavinia  was 
the  daughter  of  Latinus. 


LESSON  XII. 

FIRST  CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE. 
46.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  First  Conjugation.  —  Passive  Voice.  —  206. 

2.  Review  Nouns  and  Adjectives. — 116, 120, 146—162. 

3.  Use  of  Adverbs.  — Rule  LXI.     551. 

47.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Amor,  amabar,  amabor.  2.  Amaris,  amabaris, 
amabSris.  3.  Amatur,  amantur.  4.  Amabatur,  ama- 
bantur.  5.  Amabitur,  amabuntur.  6.  Amamur,  ama- 
bamur,  amabimur.  7.  Amatus  sum,  amatus  eram.  8. 
Amatus  es,  amatus  eras.  9.  Amatus  est,  amati  sunt. 
10.  Amatus  erat,  amati  erant.  11.  Amatus  erit,  amati 
erunt.  12.  Amer,  amarer.  13.  Amemur,  amati  simus. 

14.  Italia  liber ata  est.  15.  Urbs  Roma  liber ata  erat. 
16.  Haec  urbs  clarissima  liberabitur.  17.  Haec  urbs 
opulentissima  est  liberata.  18.  Virtus  quotidie  lauda- 
tur.  19.  Virtutes  semper  laudabuntur.  20.  Sapientia 
semper  est  laudata.  21.  Libertas  semper  laudabitur. 
22.  Omnia  hostium  oppida  expugnata  sunt. 


VERBS.  19 

48.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  He  is  praised,  they  are  praised.  2.  He  was  praised, 
they  were  praised.  3.  He  will  be  praised,  they  will  be 
praised.  4.  I  am  blamed,  I  was  blamed.  5.  You  are 
loved,  you  are  praised.  6.  You  were  loved,  you  were 
praised.  7.  You  will  be  loved,  you  will  be  praised.  8. 
I  have  been  blamed,  you  had  been  praised.  9.  Let  him 
be  praised,  let  them  be  praised. 

10.  Will  not  the  brave  soldiers  save  the  city  ?  11. 
The  brave  soldiers  will  save  the  beautiful  city.  12.  The 
noble  city  will  be  saved.  13.  The  citizens  praise  tho 
brave  soldiers.  14.  Was  not  Philip  wounded?  15. 
Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  was  wounded.  16.  Many 
soldiers  were  wounded.  17.  Did  not  the  soldiers  fight 
bravely  ?  18.  The  soldiers  fought  bravely. 


LESSON  XIII. 

SECOND   CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE. 

49.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Second  Conjugation.  —  Active  Voice.  —  207. 

2.  Dative  with  Verbs.  —  Rule  XII.     384. 

50.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Moneo,  monebam,  monebo.1  2.  Mones,  monetis. 
3.  Monet,  monent.  4.  Monemus,  monebamus.  5. 
Monebant,  monebunt.  6.  Monuimus,  monueramus. 
7.  Monuit,  monuerunt.  8.  Monuerat,  monuerant. 

1  The  pupil  should  compare  the  forms  grouped  together  under  the  several 
numerals,  and  observe  wherein  they  differ  from  each  other.  He  should 
also  compare  them  with  the  corresponding  forms  of  the  First  Conjugation. 


20  LATIN  READER. 

9.  Gives  legibus  parent.  10.  Multae  Italiae  civitates 
Romanis  parebant.  11.  Haec  sententia  Caesari  placuit. 
12.  Ilia  sententia  Caesari  displicuit.  13.  Milites  gloriae 
laborant.  14.  Hoc  consilium  Caesari  nuntiatum  est. 
15.  Nostra  consilia  hostibus  nuntiata  sunt.  16.  Tibi 
magnam  gratiam  habemus.  17.  Habeo  senectuti  mag- 
nam  gratiam.  18.  Conon  peeuniam  civibus  donavit. 
19.  Pastor  pu&ro  viam  monstravit.  20.  Tibi  viam  mon- 
strabo.  21.  Omnes  homines  libertati  student.  22.  Ego 
philosophiae  semper  vaco.  23.  Philippus,  rex  Macedo- 
niae,  Athenienses  superavit. 

51.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  You  advise,  you  were  advising,  you  will  advise. 
2.  He  obeys,  they  obey.  3.  He  was  obeying,  they  were 
obeying.  4.  He  will  advise,  they  will  advise.  5.  They 
have  advised,  they  had  advised.  6.  I  have  advised,  we 
have  advised.  7.  I  had  advised,  I  had  obeyed. 

8.  Did  I  not  obey  my  father  ?  9.  You  obeyed  your 
father.  10.  We  shall  obey  the  laws  of  the  state.  11. 
Do  not  the  citizens  obey  the  king?  12.  They  have 
obeyed  the  king.  13.  Scipio  the  general  was  praised. 
14.  Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  was  the  father  of  Alex- 
ander. 

LESSON  XIV. 

SECOND   CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE. 

52.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Second  Conjugation.  —  Passive  Voice.  —  208. 

2.  Review  Pronouns.  — 182-191. 


VEEBS.  21 

53.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Moneor,  monebar,  monebor.  2.  Monemur,  moneba- 
mur,  monebimur.  3.  Moneatur,  moneantur.1  4.  Mon- 
Ttus  est,  moniti  sunt.  5.  Monitus  erat,  momti  erant. 
6.  Monet,  monetur.  7.  Monent,  monentur.  8.  Terre- 
bat,  terrebatur.1  9.  Terrebant,  terrebantur. 

10.  Gloriam  veram  habes.  11.  Gloriam  habebis. 
12.  Equites  gladios  habebant.  13.  Homo  habet  memo- 
riam.  14.  Cum  Romanis  pacem  habuimus.  15.  Pacem 
habueramus.  16.  Cyrus  omnium  in  exereitu  suo  mili- 
tum  nomma  tenebat. 

17.  Quis  hanc  urbem  servabit?  18.  Hanc  urbem 
pulchram  servabimus.  19.  Quis  te  salutavit  ?  20.  Pa- 
ter meus  te  salutat.  21.  Haec  vita  te  delectat.  22. 
Philosophia  nos  delectat.  23.  Omnia  aniraalia  se  amant. 
24.  Fratres  tui  laudantur. 

54.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  He  is  advised,  they  are  advised.  2.  I  was  terrified, 
we  were  terrified.  3.  He  will  be  advised,  they  will  be 
advised.  4.  You  have  been  terrified,  I  have  been  terri- 
fied. 5.  He  had  been  advised,  he  had  been  terrified. 
6.  I  advise,  I  am  advised.  7.  I  was  advising,  I  was 
advised. 

8.  Who  has  my  book?  9.  I  have  your  book.  10. 
Which  book  have  you  ?  11.  I  have  three  books.  12. 
My  brother  has  ten  books.  13.  Did  he  not  have  many 
friends?  14.  He  had  many  friends.  15.  You  will 
have  true  friends.  16.  The  pupils  are  silent.  17.  Will 
you  not  be  silent  ?  18.  We  will  not  be  silent. 

1  The  learner  should  carefully  compare  the  corresponding  Active  and  Pas- 
siv«  forms. 


22  LATIN  HEADER. 

LESSON  XV. 

THIKD   CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE. 

55.   Lesson  from  the  Grrammar. 

1.  Third  Conjugation.  —  Active  Voice.  —  209. 

2.  Ablative  of  Cause.  —  Rule  XXII.     413. 

3.  Ablative  of  Means.  —  Rule  XXV.     420. 

56.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Regimus,  regebamus,  regemus.  2.  Regebant,  re- 
gebat.  3.  Reget,  regent.  4.  Spero,  pareo,  duco.  5. 
Speramus,  paremus,  ducimus.  6.  Sperabant,  parebant, 
ducebant.  7.  Speravi,  parui,  duxi. 

8.  Deus  omnem  hunc  mundum  regit.  9.  Deus  mun- 
dum  semper  rexit.  10.  Deus  mundum  regebat.  11. 
Deus  mundum  reget.  12.  Cicero  ad  Atticum  scribit. 
13.  Ad  te  saepe  scribam.  14.  Cicero  multos  libros 
scripsit.  15.  Librum  de  senectute  scripserat.  16.  Quid 
dixisti?  17.  Nihil  dixi.  18.  Multa  de  amicitia  dixi- 
mus.  19.  Hie  liber  ad  te  scriptus  est. 

20.  Consul  virtute  laudatus  est.  21.  Muneribus  de- 
lectamur.  22.  Roma  Camilli  virtute  est  servata.  23. 
Camillus  hostes  magno  proelio  superavit.  24.  Scipio 
patrem  singular!  virtute  servavit.  25.  Scipio  ingenti 
gloria  triumphavit. 

57.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  He  leads,  he  was  leading,  he  will  lead.  2.  He 
rules,  he  was  ruling,  he  will  rule.  3.  They  were  lead- 
ing, they  were  ruling.  4.  They  will  lead,  they  will 
rule.  5.  You  have  led,  you  have  ruled.  6»  Who  will 


VEBBS.  23 

speak  the  truth?  7.  Have  we  not  spoken  the  truth? 
8.  You  have  spoken  the  truth.  9.  Did  you  predict  this 
war  ?  10.  We  did  not  predict  the  war.  11.  Who  has 
declared  war  ?  12.  The  Romans  have  declared  war. 

13.  Are  not  the  fields  adorned  with  flowers  ?  14.  The 
fields  are  adorned  with  beautiful  flowers.  15.  Have 
you  not  strengthened  your  memory  by  use  ?  16.  I  have 
strengthened  my  memory  by  daily  use.  17.  You  will 
be  praised  for  (because  of)  your  diligence. 


LESSON  XVI. 

THIRD   CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE   VOICE. 

58.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Third  Conjugation.  —  Passive  Voice.  —  210. 

2.  Ablative  of  Agent.  —  415,  1. 

59.    Translate  into  English. 

I.  Regor,  regebar,  regar.      2.  Regimur,    regebamur, 
regemur.     3.  Rectus   est,  rectus   erat.     4.    Recti  sunt, 
recti  erant.     5.  Regit,  regitur.     6.  Regunt,  reguntur. 
7.   Regebat,  regebatur.     8.   Regebant,  regebantur.     9. 
Vocamur,  monemur.     10.  Vocatur,  monetur. 

II.  Mundus  regitur.     12.  Oninis  hie  mundus  semper 
rectus  est.     13.  Hie  mundus  semper  regetur.     14.  Hie 
mundus  a  Deo  regitur.     15.  Mundus  a  Deo  aedificatus 
est.      16.   Nihil   a   nobis   dictum  est.     17.  Catilma  ab 
amlcis  laudatus  est.     18.  Consul  a  rege  victus  est.     19. 
Haec  civitas  bene   regitur.      20.   Hae   civitates  bene 
reguntur.     21.  Multi  exercitus  in  Italiam  ducti  erant. 
22.  Bellum  indictum  erat.    23.  Multa  bella  indicta  sunt. 

3 


24  LATIN  HEADER. 

60.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  He  is  ruled,  they  are  ruled.  2.  We  are  ruled,  we 
are  led.  3.  He  was  ruled,  they  were  ruled.  4.  We 
have  been  ruled,  we  have  been  led.  5.  I  lead,  I  am  led. 
6.  We  were  ruling,  we  were  ruled. 

7.  Was  not  the  army  led  forth?  8.  The  army  was 
led  forth  by  the  king.  9.  Will  not  the  truth  be  spoken  ? 
10.  The  truth  has  been  spoken.  11.  Let  the  truth 
always  be  spoken.  12.  Would  not  war  have  been  de- 
clared by  the  Komans  ? 

13.  This  boy  has  not  observed  the  law.  14.  Good 
citizens  will  observe  the  laws.  15.  Let  the  laws  be  ob- 
served. 16.  Who  has  your  book?  17.  That  boy  has 
my  book.  18.  You  shall  have  my  book.  19.  What  did 
you  say  ?  20.  I  spoke  the  truth. 

LESSON  XVII. 

FOURTH   CONJUGATION.  —  ACTIVE  VOICE. 

61.    Lesson  from  the  Gf-rammar. 

1.  Fourth  Conjugation.  —  Active  Voice.  —  211. 

2.  Review  of  the  Verb  Sum.—  204. 

62.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Audis,  audiebas,  audies.  2.  Auditis,  audiebatis, 
audietis.  3.  Audio,  audimus.  4.  Audiebam,  audieba- 
mus.  5.  Audivimus,  audiveramus.  6.  Audivi,  audiv- 
gram,  audivSro.  7.  Audivit,  audiverunt.  8.  Audito, 
auditote.  9.  Verba  mea,  judices,  audite.  10.  Haec 
verba,  legati,  audite.  11.  Vos,  milites,  hanc  urbem 
clarissimam  custodite. 


VERBS.  25 

12.  Pax  jucunda  est.  13.  Pax  jucunda  erit.  14.  Vita 
brevis  est.  15.  Cato  bonus  fuit.  16.  Gives  boni  fue- 
runt.  17.  Germania  fertilis  est.  18.  Agri  fertiles  fu8- 
rant.  19.  Gives  urbem  custodiebant.  20.  Urbem  cus- 
todiemus.  21.  Milites  templum  custodiunt.  22.  Verba 
tua  audimus.  23.  Verba  mea  audivisti.  24.  Orationem 
tuam  audivi.  25.  Sermouem  audiebam.  26.  Pu£ri  can- 
tuin  avis  audiebant.  27.  Thrasybulus  urbem  munivit. 

63.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  I  hear,  I  guard.  2.  We  hear,  we  guard.  3.  He 
was  hearing,  they  were  sleeping.  4.  He  was  sleeping, 
they  were  hearing.  5.  He  will  hear,  they  will  hear. 
6.  We  have  slept,  you  have  heard.  7.  I  had  heard,  I 
had  guarded.  8.  He  may  hear,  they  may  sleep. 

9.  Do  you  not  hear  us  ?  10.  We  hear  you.  11.  Who 
heard  the  oration?  12.  We  heard  the  oration.  13.  The 
pupils  heard  the  conversation.  14.  They  did  not  hear 
your  oration.  15.  The  citizens  are  fortifying  the  city. 
16.  Who  will  guard  this  beautiful  city?  17.  The  brave 
soldiers  will  guard  the  city.  18.  Will  you  guard  the 
temple?  19.  We  will  guard  the  temple.  20.  The  sol- 
diers will  be  brave.  21.  The  citizens  had  been  brave 
soldiers. 


LESSON  XVIII 

FOUKTH  CONJUGATION.  —  PASSIVE  VOICE. 

64.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Fourth  Conjugation.  —  Passive  Voice.  —  212. 

2.  Review  First  Conjugation.  —  205,  206. 


26  LATIN  READER. 

65.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Audimur,  audiebamur,  audiemur.  2.  Audiatur,  au- 
diantur.  3.  Audit,  auditur.  4.  Audiunt,  audiuntur. 
5.  Audiet,  audietur.  6.  Audiebat,  audiebatur.  7.  Tul- 
lus  bellum  fimvit.  8.  Bellum  finiverat.  9.  Bellum 
finitum  est.  10.  Hie  dies  Graeciae  libertatem  finiet. 
11.  Gives  templum  custodiunt.  12.  Brutus  Macedo 
niam  custodiebat.  13.  Hanc  provinciam  custodimus. 

14.  Urbs  munlta  erat.  15.  Urbes  munientur.  16. 
Templum  custodietur.  17.  Templa  custodiuntur.  18. 
Legatio  benigne  audita  est.  19.  Haec  legatio  benigne 
audietur.  20.  Verba  tua  benigne  audientur.  21. 
Filii  regis  egregie  erudiuntur.  22.  Bellum  civile  fini- 
tum est.  23.  Romani  hostem  exspectabant.  24.  Ro- 
mani  ingentem  hostium  numerum  exspectaverant.  25. 
Hostes  proelium  exspectabant.  26.  Pittas  juventiitem 
ornat.  27.  Philosophi  pecuniam  non  optant. 

66.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  I  am  instructed,  we  are  instructed.  2.  They  have 
been  heard,  they  have  been  instructed.  3.  He  was  in- 
structing, he  was  instructed.  4.  We  have  heard,  you 
have  been  heard.  5.  Was  not  the  orator  heard?  6. 
The  renowned  orator  was  kindly  heard. 

7.  Let  the  city  be  fortified.  8.  Let  the  temples  be 
guarded.  9.  The  city  has  been  fortified.  10.  The  tem- 
ples will  be  guarded.  11.  Let  the  war  be  brought  to  a 
close.  12.  Let  the  boys  be  instructed.  13.  Let  the 
words  of  the  instructor  be  heard.  14.  Are  you  ex- 
pecting me  ?  15.  We  are  expecting  you.  16.  Did  you 
not  await  the  enemy?  17.  We  awaited  the  enemy. 
18.  The  enemy  were  put  to  flight. 


VEEBS.  27 

LESSON  XIX. 

VERBS   IN   10   OF   THE   THIED   CONJUGATION. 

67.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Verbs  in  io  of  the  Third  Conjugation.  — 217-219. 

2.  Review  Second  Conjugation.  —  207,  208. 

68,    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Graeci  Trojam  capiebant.  2.  Troja  capta  est.  8. 
Troja  capta  erat.  4.  Regulus  ipse  captus  est.  5.  Belli 
dtices  capientur.  6.  Haec  urbs  capietur.  7.  Illam  ur- 
bem  capiemus.  8.  Roma  a  Gallis  capta  erat.  9.  Galli 
Romam  ceperant.  10.  Scipio  multas  eivitates  cepit. 
11.  Luna  lucem  a  sole  accipit.  12.  Lucem  a  sole  ac- 
cipimus.  13.  Tuam  epistolam  accepi.  14.  Milites  tela 
jaeiebant. 

15.  Quis  monetur?  16.  Nonne  puer  monetur?  17. 
Puer  recte  monetur.  18.  Discipuli  recte  momti  sunt, 
19.  Fratres  tui  recte  admomti  erunt.  20.  Nonne  ad- 
moniti  sumus?  21.  Recte  admomti  sumus.  22.  Me- 
moria  exercetur.  23.  Memoria  exerceatur.  24.  Ro- 
mani  urbem  capiunt.  25.  Urbes  capiebant.  26.  Haec 
urbs  capietur.  27.  Milites  arma  capiunt.  28.  Scipio 
Carthagmem  cepit.  29.  Regis  pater  fugit.  30.  Lace- 
daemonii  fugiunt.  31.  Xerxes  in  Asiam  fugerat. 

69.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  We  were  taking  the  city.  2.  The  city  will  be 
taken.  3.  The  city  has  been  taken.  4.  The  cities  have 
been  taken.  5.  Were  not  the  boys  terrified  ?  6.  They 
were  terrified.  7.  Let  the  pupils  be  admonished. 


28  LATIN   BEADEB. 

8.  The}7  have  been  admonished.  9.  Who  will  be  ad- 
vised ?  10.  These  boys  will  be  advised.  11.  Has  your 
memory  been  exercised?  12.  My  memory  has  been 
exercised.  13.  Was  not  the  general  terrified  ?  14.  The 
general  was  not  terrified. 

LESSON  XX. 

DEPONENT   YEBBS. 

70.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Deponent  Verbs.  —  231,  232. 

2.  Review  Third  Conjugation.  —  209,  210. 

3.  Review  Rules  I.  and  II.     362  and  363. 

71.    Translate  into  English . 

1.  Coriolanus  populatur  agrum  Romanum.  2.  Pyr- 
rhus  Campaniam  depopulatus  est.  3.  Milites  agros  de- 
populabantur.  4.  Hoc  facmus  rex  miratur.  5.  Puer 
laudem  meretur.  6.  Laudem  mereris.  7.  Gloria  vir- 
tutem  seqnYtur.  8.  Cum  Scipione  honorem  partimur 
9.  Id  opus  inter  se  partiuntur. 

10.  Mercurius  nuntius  erat.  11.  Bacchus  erat  vini 
deus.  12.  Somnus  est  imago  mortis.  13.  Historia 
magistra  vitae  habetur.  14.  Socrates  parens  philoso- 
phiae  dicitur.  15.  Cicero,  eruditissimus  homo,  consul 
fuit.  16.  Numa,  justissimus  vir,  erat  rex.  17.  Ancus, 
Numae  iiepos,  rex  fuit.  18.  Philosophia,  mater  bona- 
rum  artium,  nos  erudit. 

19.  Dionysius  tyrannus  expulsus  est.  20.  Demara- 
tus,  regis  pater,  fugit.  21.  Apud  Herodotum,  patrem 
historiae,  sunt  innumerabiles  fabulae.  22.  Hannibal 
Saguntum,  foederatam  urbem,  expugnavit.  23.  SocrS,- 
tem,  sapientissimum  virum,  Athenienses  interfecerunt. 


VERBS.  29 

72.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  The  boy  imitates  his  father.  2.  We  will  imitate 
our  fathers.  3.  You  have  always  imitated  your  father. 
4.  The  boys  followed  their  father.  5.  Tullia,  the 
daughter  of  Servius,  was  the  wife  of  Tarquin.  6.  Ser- 
vius,  the  father  of  Tullia,  was  a  king.  7.  Scipio,  the 
leader  of  the  Romans,  took  Carthage. 

8.  The  consul  was  an  orator.  9.  Cicero  the  consul 
was  an  orator.  10.  Brutus  had  been  consul.  11.  Cice- 
ro the  orator  wrote  many  letters.  12.  The  letters  of 
Cicero  the  orator  have  been  greatly  praised.  13.  Soc- 
rates was  a  philosopher.  14.  Your  brother  will  be  an 
orator.  15.  Herodotus  was  the  father  of  history.  16. 
The  orator  praises  Herodotus,  the  father  of  history. 


LESSON  XXI. 

PERIPHRASTIC   CONJUGATION. 

73.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Periphrastic  Conjugation.  —  233,  234. 

2.  Review  Fourth  Conjugation. —  211,  212. 

3.  Review  Rules  III.,  IV.,  and  V.     368,  369,  371. 

74.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Virtutem  laudaturi  sumus.  2.  Virtus  laudanda 
est.  3.  Quid  laudaturus  es  ?  4.  Bonitatem  laudaturus 
sum.  5.  Omnia  sunt  laudanda,  quae  conjuncta  cum 
virtute  sunt.  6.  Quid  vituperandum  est?  7.  Omnia 
sunt  vituperanda,  quae  cum  vitiis  conjuncta  sunt.  8. 
Gloriam  veram  habituri  sumus.  9.  Cicero  ad  Atticum 
scripturus  erat. 


30  LATIN  HEADER. 

10.  Cuncta  Graecia  liberata  est.  11.  Philosophia 
inventrix  legum  fuit.  12.  Omnium  malorum  stultitia 
est  mater.  13.  Disce,  puer,  virtutem.  14.  Conser- 
vate,  judices,  hunc  honrfnem. 

15.  Accepi  tuas  epistolas.  16.  Labor  omnia  vincit. 
17.  Animus  regit  corpus.  18.  Nostra  nos  patria  delec- 
tat.  19.  Milti&des  totam  Graeciam  liberavit.  20.  Soph- 
6cles  tragoedias  fecit.  21.  Studia  adolescentiam  alunt, 
senectutem  oblectant. 

75.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  We  were  about  to  praise  you.  2.  Diligent  pupils 
must  be  praised.  3.  They  were  about  to  fortify  the 
city.  4.  These  cities  must  be  fortified.  5.  Pupils, 
your  diligence  will  be  praised.  6.  The  city  has  been 
fortified.  7.  The  city  must  be  saved.  8.  Boys,  hear 
the  words  of  your  father.  9.  Judges,  you  shall  hear 
the  truth. 

10.  Do  you  not  love  your  parents  ?  11.  We  love  our 
parents.  12.  You  practise  virtue.  13.  Our  pupils  will 
practise  virtue.  14.  Did  not  Rome  have  beautiful  tem- 
ples? 15.  Rome  had  beautiful  temples.  16.  Have  not 
the  enemy  taken  the  city  ?  17.  They  have  taken  the 
beautiful  city.  18.  They  will  plunder  all  the  temples. 

LESSON  XXII. 

USE   OF   THE   ACCUSATIVE. 

76.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Two  Accusatives.  — Rule  VI.     373. 

2.  Accusative  of  Time  and  Space. — Rule  IX.     379. 

3.  Accusative  of  Limit.  —  Rule  X.     380. 

4.  The  Verb  eo.     295. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  31 

77.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Ciceronem  universus  populus  consulem  declaravit. 
2.  Romulus  urbem  Romam  vocavit.  3.  Soer&tes  totius 
mundi  se  civem  arbitrabatur.  4.  Cato  nutricem  plebis 
Romanae  Siciliam  nominavit.  5.  Senatus  Catilmam 
hostem  judicavit.  6.  Socratem  Apollo  sapientissimum 
judicavit. 

7.  Servius  Tullius  regnavit  annos  quattuor  et  quad- 
raginta.  8.  Appius  Claudius  caectis  annos  multos  fuit. 
9.  Quaedam  bestiolae  unuin  diem  vivunt.  10.  Lacedae- 
monii  pacem  sex  annos  servaverunt.  11.  Hie  gladius 
sex  pedes  longus  est. 

12.  Cicero  Athenas  venit.  13.  Regulus  Carthagmem 
rediit.  14.  Curius  elephantos  quattuor  Romam  duxit. 
15.  Aurum  domum  comportant.  16.  Ego  rus  ibo.  17. 
Consules  Romam  redibant.  18.  Cicero  domum  rediS- 
rat.  19.  Consules  in  Graeciam  venerant.  20.  Tullia 
in  forum  properavit  et  regem  salutavit. 

78.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  They  call  the  island  Sicily.  2.  The  island  is  called 
Sicily.  3.  They  called  Herodotus  the  father  of  history. 
4.  We  judge  you,  O  Catiline,  an  enemy.  5.  You,  O 
Catiline,  will  be  judged  an  enemy.  6.  Did  you  not 
walk  two  hours  ?  7.  We  walked  three  hours.  8.  The 
soldiers  guarded  the  •  city  ten  months.  9.  The  mound 
was  fifty  feet  high. 

10.  How  many  years  did  Numa  reign  ?  11.  Numa 
reigned  forty-three  years.  12.  Did  you  not  send  a 
messenger  to  Athens?  13.  I  sent  two  messengers  to 
Athens.  14.  Who  fled  to  Carthage?  15.  Did  not  the 
enemy  flee  to  Carthage?  16.  They  fled  to  Carthage. 
17.  The  army  has  been  led  back  to  Rome. 


32  LATIN  HEADER. 

LESSON  XXIII. 

USE   OF   THE   DATIVE   AND   GENITIVE. 

79.    Lesson  from  the  Grrammar. 

1.  Dative  with  Verbs.  — Rule  XII.     384-386. 

2.  Dative  with  Adjectives.  —  Rule  XIV.     391. 

3.  Genitive  with  Nouns.  — Rule  XVI.     395-397. 

4.  Genitive  with  Adjectives.  —  Rule  XVII.     399. 

5.  The  Verb/ero.     292. 

80.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Non  scholae,  sed  vitae  discimus.  2.  Philosophiae 
nos  tradimus.  3.  Aristides  interfuit  pugnae  navali 
apud  Salammem.  4.  Tu  virtutem  praefer  divitiis.  5. 
Haec  sententia  consul!  placuit.  6.  Romulus  civitati 
profuit.  7.  Gives  legibus  parebant.  8.  Darius,  rex 
Persarum,  Graecis  bellum  intulit. 

9.  Parentes  nobis  cari  sunt.  10.  Victoria  Romania 
grata  fuit.  11.  Veritas  nobis  gratissima  est.  12.  Sapi- 
entia  est  rerum  divinarum  et  humanarum  scientia.  13. 
Justitia  virtutum  regma  est.  14.  Socr&tes  parens  phi- 
losophiae  fuit. 

15.  Romani  avidi  gloriae  fuerunt.  16.  Cicero  glo- 
riae  cupidissimus  fuit.  17.  Romani  appetentes  gloriae 
atque  avidi  laudis  f  uerunt.  18.  Multi  conteiitionis  sunt 
cupidiores  quam  veritatis. 

81.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Did  they  declare  war  against  the  Romans?  2. 
They  had  declared  war  against  the  Romans.  3.  Will 
not  this  book  be  acceptable  to  you  ?  4.  That  book  will 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS.  33 

be  acceptable  to  me.  5.  Good  citizens  will  obey  the 
laws.  6.  The  Romans  awarded  honors  to  their  gen- 
erals. 7.  I  prefer  virtue  to  learning.  8.  We  prefer 
learning  to  wealth. 

9.  The  orations  of  Cicero  have  often  been  praised. 

10.  You  have  often  praised  the  orations  of  Cicero  the 
orator.     11.  The   orations   of  Demosthenes,   the   cele- 
brated orator,  will  always  be  praised.     12.  Boys  are 
fond  of  pleasure.     13.  The  pupils  are  fond  of  praise. 
14.  The  king  was  desirous  of  glory.     15.  Men  are  fond 
of  money. 

LESSON  XXIV. 

USE   OF   THE   ABLATIVE. 

82.   Wesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Ablative  of  Cause.  — Rule  XXII.     413. 

2.  Ablative  of  Means.  — Rule  XXV.     420. 

3.  Ablative  of  Price.  — Rule  XXVII.     422. 

4.  Ablative  with  Comparatives.  —  Rule  XXIII.    417. 

5.  Ablative  of  Difference.  —  Rule  XXVIII.    423. 

83.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Caesar  beneficiis  ac  munificentia  magnus  habeba- 
tur.  2.  Gubernatoris  ars  utilitate,  non  arte  laudatur. 
3.  Campani  fuerunt  superbi  bonitate  agrorum.  4.  Athe- 
nienses  vi  summa  proelium  commiserunt.  5.  Sidera 
cursus  suos  conficiunt  maxima  celeritate.  6.  Trahimur 
omnes  studio  laudis.  7.  Voluptate  capiuntur  homines, 
ut  hamo  pisces. 

8.  Alcibiades  eruditus  est  a  Socrate.  9.  Sacra  ab 
Numa  instituta  sunt.  10.  Ego  spem  pretio  non  emo. 

11.  Vas    Corinthium    magno    pretio    mercatus    sum. 


34  LATDT  READER. 

12.  Viginti  talentis  unam  orationem  IsocrStes  vendidit. 

13.  Fanum  pecunia  grand!  venditum  est. 

14.  Nihil  est  veritatis  luce  dulcius.  15.  Nihil  est 
ratione  melius.  16.  Tullus  Hostilius  ferocior  quam 
Romulus  fuit.  17.  Natura  nihil  habet  praestantius 
quam  honestatem.  18.  Patria  mihi  vita  mea  multo  est 
carior.  19.  Pompeius  biennio  major  fuit  quam  Cicero. 
20.  Homeri  etsi  incerta  sunt  tempora,  tamen  annis  mul- 
tis  fuit  ante  Romulum. 

84.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Socrates  has  often  been  praised  for  (because  of) 
his  wisdom.  2.  They  glory  in  their  wealth.  3.  This 
philosopher  glories  in  his  wisdom.  4.  The  pupils  re- 
joice in  their  studies.  5.  We  are  delighted  with  the 
precepts  of  the  philosophers. 

6.  Wisdom  is  not  purchased  with  gold.  7.  Do  not 
sell  happiness  for  gold.  8.  The  judge  has  purchased  a 
horse  for  one  talent.  9.  I  will  sell  this  horse  for  thirty 
minae.  10.  He  is  proud  of  his  wealth.  11.  Scipio 
was  proud  of  his  country.  12.  Cicero  was  more  learned 
than  Cato.  13.  You  are  more  diligent  than  your 
brother.  14.  You  are  five  years  older  than  I. 


LESSON   XXV. 

USE  OF   THE  ABLATIVE. 
85.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Ablative  of  Place  from  which.— Rule  XXI.    412. 

2.  Ablative  of  Place  in  which.  —  Rule  XXX.    425. 

3.  Ablative  of  Time.  —  Rule  XXXI.     429. 

4.  Ablative  Absolute.  —  Rule  XXXII.     431. 

5.  Cases  with  Prepositions. — Rule  XXXIII.  432-435. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS.  35 

86.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Latlnus  in  Italia  regnavit.  2.  Gives  ab  urbe  fugi- 
ebant.  3.  Themistocles  e  Graecia  fugit.  4.  Sex  men- 
ses Athenis  eram.  5.  Dionysius  tyrannus  Syracusis 
fugit.  6.  Romulus  Romae  regnavit.  7.  Augustus  obiit 
sexto  et  septuagesimo  aetatis  anno.  8.  Socrates  su- 
premo vitae  die  cle  immortalitate  ammorum  multa  dis- 
seruit.  9.  Cogrrito  Caesaris  adventu,  Ariovistus  legatos 
ad  eum  mittit.  10.  Pythagoras,  Tarquinio  Superbo 
regnante,  in  Italiam  venit.  11.  Lacedaemonii  hostes 
ad  proelium  provocabant.  12.  Scipio  contra  Hanno- 
nem,  ducem  Carthaginiensium,  prospSre  pugnat. 

13.  Epaminondas  Lacedaemonios  vicit  apud  Manti- 
neam.  14.  Justitia  erga  deos  religio  dicitur,  erga  pa- 
rentes,  pietas.  15.  Amicitia  est  propter  se  expetenda. 
16.  Homo  doctus  in  se  semper  divitias  habet.  17. 
Scipio  ob  egregiam  victoriam  de  Hannibale  appellatus 
est  Africanus. 

87.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  There  were  beautiful  cities  in  Greece.  2.  Were 
you  in  Corinth?  3.  We  were  in  Corinth  the  whole 
winter.  4.  In  Athens  we  saw  beautiful  temples.  5. 
Does  not  your  friend  reside  at  Rome  ?  6.  He  resides 
in  Athens.  7.  He  fled  from  Rome  to  Athens.  8.  Do 
you  not  reside  in  the  city  in  winter  ?  9.  We  reside  in 
this  beautiful  city  in  the  winter. 

10.  Will  not  the  army  be  led  back  to  the  city?  11. 
It  has  been  led  back  to  the  city.  12.  Will  you  not 
write  to  me  ?  13.  I  will  write  to  you.  14.  Friendship 
is  valuable  of  itself.  15.  I  have  received  two  letters 
from  your  brother.  16.  Tarquin  came  to  Rome  in  the 
reign  of  Ancus  Marcius. 


36  LATIN   READER. 

LESSON  XXVI 

AGREEMENT   OF  ADJECTIVES,   PRONOUNS,  AND  VERBS. 

88.    Lesson  from  the  Grrammar. 

1.  Agreement  of  Adjectives.— Rule  XXXIY.  438,439. 

2.  Agreement  of  Pronouns.  — XXXV.     445. 

3.  Agreement  of  Verbs.  —  Rule  XXXVI.    460,  463. 

4.  The  Verb>.     294. 

89.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Vera  amicitia  sempiterna  est.  2.  Verae  amicitiae 
sempiternae  sunt.  3.  Nihil  est  ab  omni  parte  beatum. 
4.  Atra  nubes  condidit  lunam.  5.  Qualis  est  tua  mens  ? 
6.  Stultitia  et  temeritas  fugienda  sunt.  7.  Labor  vo- 
luptasque  inter  se  sunt  juncta.  8.  Nihil  expgdit,  quod 
non  decet.  9.  Non  est  vir  fortis,  qui  laborem  fugit. 
10.  Omnia  animalia  se  diligunt.  11.  Ad  amicum  de 
amicitia  scrips!.  12.  Ego  beatus  sum.  13.  Nos  ipsi 
consolamur.  14.  Ab  ipso  Graccho  eadem  haec  audlmus. 

15.  Homines,  dum  docent,  discunt.  16.  Tantum  sci- 
mus,  quantum  memoria  tenemus.  17.  Ego  libertatem 
pepgri;  ego  patriam  liberavi.  18.  Crescit  amor  nummi, 
quantum  ipsa  pecunia  crescit.  19.  Castor  et  Pollux  ex 
equis  pugnaverunt.  20.  Nemo  fit  casu  bonus.  21.  A 
Deo  omnia  facta  sunt. 

90.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Peace  will  be  acceptable  to  us.  2.  The  city  will 
be  beautiful.  3.  I  have  seen  beautiful  cities.  4.  Your 
friendship  delights  me.  5.  Which  book  have  you? 
6.  I  have  your  book.  7.  The  letter  which  you  wrote 
yesterday  will  delight  your  father. 


SYNTAX  OF   VERBS.  3T 

8.  By  whom  was  Saguntum  taken?  9.  This  city 
was  taken  by  Hannibal.  10.  How  many  books  have 
you?  11.  I  have  ten  good  books.  12.  Socrates  was 
judged  the  wisest  of  men.  13.  Herodotus  has  been 
called  the  father  of  history.  14.  Perseus,  the  king  of 
Macedonia,  was  conquered  at  Pydna. 


LESSON  XXVII. 

USE   OF  THE  INDICATIVE  AND  SUBJUNCTIVE. 
91.    Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Use  of  Indicative.  —  Rule  XXXVII.     474. 

2.  Sequence  of  Tenses.  —  Rule  XLI.     490-493. 

3.  Subjunctive  of  Desire.— Rule  XXXVIII.  483,484. 

4.  Subjunctive  of  Purpose.  —  Rule  XLII.  497. 

5.  Subjunctive  of  Result.  —  Rule  XLIII.     500. 

92.    Translate  into  ^English. 

1.  Virtus  ab  omnibus  laudatur.  2.  Nulla  habemus 
arma  contra  mortem.  3.  Lacedaemoniorum  gens  fortis 
fuit,  dum  Lycurgi  leges  vigebant.  4.  Hannibal  tres 
modios  aureorum  annulorum  Carthagmem  misit,  quos 
rnambus  equitum  Romanorum  detraxerat. 

5.  Imitemur  majores  nostros.  6.  Valeant  cives  mei ; 
sint  incolumes,  sint  beati.  7.  Religio  et  fides  antepona- 
tur  amicitiae.  8.  Romani  ab  aratro  abduxerunt  Cin- 
cinnatum,  ut  dictator  esset.  9.  Discipulos  moneo,  ut 
praeceptores  ament. 

10.  Tanta  vis  probitatis  est,  ut  earn  in  hoste  etiam 
diligamus.  11.  Epaminondas  adeo  fuit  veritatis  dili- 
gens,  ut  ne  joco  quidem  mentiretur.  12.  Ego  vos  hor- 
tor,  ut  amicitiam  omnibus  rebus  humanis  anteponatis. 


38  LATIN  READER. 

93.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  The  courage  of  the  soldiers  saved  the  city.  2.  The 
sword  of  the  general  was  beautiful.  3.  The  citizens 
will  observe  the  laws  of  the  state.  4.  Your  father  re- 
sided many  years  at  Athens.  5.  He  resided  four  years 
at  Carthage.  6.  Did  you  not  receive  my  letters  at 
Rome  ?  7.  I  received  your  letter  at  Corinth. 

8.  He  praises  you  (pi.)  that  he  may  be  praised  by  you. 

9.  He  praised  you  (pi.)  that  he  might  be  praised  by  you. 

10.  They  will  praise  us  that  they  may  be  praised  by  us. 

11.  Let  us  obey  the  laws.     12.  May  our  pupils  love 
virtue.     13.  The  pupils  are  so  diligent  that  they  are 
praised  by  their  preceptor.     14.  Let  us  praise  virtue. 


LESSON   XXVIII. 

USE  OF  THE   SUBJUNCTIVE  AND  IMPERATIVE. 

94.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Subjunctive   in   Indirect   Questions.  —  Rule  LV. 

529,  I. 

2.  Imperative.  —  Rule  XL.     487. 

95.    Translate  into  English. 

1.  Nescis,  quantas  vires  virtus  habeat.     2.  Nomen 
tantum   virtutis   usurpas ;    quid    ipsa  valeat,   ignoras. 

3.  Lepidus  declaravit  quantum  haberet  odium  servitutis. 

4.  Non  intelligunt  homines,  quam  magnum  vectlgal  sit 
parsimonia.      5.  In  oratoribus  Graecis,  admirabile  est, 
quantum  inter  omnes  unus  excellat.     6.  Dubitant  non- 
nulli  de  mundo,  casune  ipse  sit  effectus,  an  meiite  divi- 
na.     7.  Epaminondas  quaesivit,  salvusne  esset  clipeus. 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS.  39 

8.  Sperne  voluptates.  9.  Consulate  vobis,  Patres 
eonscripti,  prospicite  patriae,  conservate  vos,  conjuges, 
liberos,  fortunasque  vestras ;  populi  Roman!  nomen  sa- 
lutemque  defendite.  10.  Valetudmem  tuam  cura  dili- 
genter.  11.  Virtutes  excrta,  si  forte  dormiunt.  12. 
Consules  militiae  summum  jus  habento,  nemini  parento. 
13.  Cura  ut  quam  primum  venias. 

96.    Translate  into  Latin. 

I.  What  did  your  father  say?     2.  I  do  not  know 
what  he  said.     3.  What  have  I  done  ?     4.  He  asks  what 
I  have  done.     5.  He  asked  what  I  had  done.     6.  They 
ask  what  I  am  doing.     7.  They  asked  what  I  was  doing. 
8.  He  asked  me  to  read  your  letter.     9.  The  preceptor 
praises  the  pupils,  that  they  may  be  diligent.     10.  He 
praised  the  pupils,  that  they  might  be  diligent. 

II.  Boys,  obey  the  laws,  love  your  parents,  imitate 
the  good.     12.  Soldiers,  see  that  you  guard  the  city. 
13.  Let  us  praise  the  ancient  valor  of  the  Roman  peo- 
ple.    14.  Was  not  Ancus  reigning  ?     15.  Ancus  at  that 
time  was  reigning  at  Rome.      16.  Do  not  break  the 
laws.     17.  Imitate  your  father. 


LESSON  XXIX. 

USE   OF    THE   INFINITIVE. 

97.   Lesson  from  the  Grammar. 

1.  Construction  of  Infinitive. — Rules    LVL,    LVII. 

533-535 ;  538. 

2.  Subject  of  Infinitive.  —  Rule  LVIII. 

3.  Tenses  of  Infinitive.  —  537. 


40  LATIN  EEADEK. 

98.    Translate  into  English. 

I.  Virum  bonum  esse,  semper  est  utile.     2.  Omnibus 
bonis  expgdit,  salvam  esse  rem  publicam.     3.  A  Deo 
mundum  necesse  est  regi.     4.  Concedendum  est,  in  vir- 
tute  sola  positam  esse  beatam  vitam.     5.  Lectitavisse 
Platonem  studiose  Demosthenes  dicitur.     6.  Non  esse 
cupidum,  pecunia  est.    7.  Diligere  parentes,  prima  natu- 
rae  lex   est.     8.  Lycurgi  temporibus   Homerus   fuisse 
dicitur.     9.  Constat,  ad  salutem  civium  inventas  esse 
leges.     10.  Pecuniam  praeferre  amicitiae,  sordTdum  est. 

II.  Ferre  laborem  consuetudo  docet.     12.  Hannibal 
vincere  sciebat.     13.  Non  omnes  sciunt  referre  bene- 
ficium.      14.  A  Graecis  Galli   urbes  moembus  cingere 
didicerunt.     15.  Non  utilem   arbitror   esse   futurarum 
rerum  seientiam.     16.  Syracusas  maximam  urbem  esse 
audivistis.      17.  Quaeritur,    quid  faciendum   sit.      18. 
Verum  est,  amicitiam  inter  bonos  esse. 

99.    Translate  into  Latin. 

1.  Good  citizens  obey  the  laws.  2.  It  is  admitted 
that  good  citizens  obey  the  laws.  3.  It  must  be  ad- 
mitted that  wise  men  practise  virtue.  4.  Athens  was  a 
very  beautiful  city.  5.  It  is  certain  that  Athens  was  a 
very  beautiful  city.  6.  Your  father  resided  many  years 
at  Athens.  7.  They  say  that  your  father  resided  many 
years  at  Athens.  8.  They  said  that  your  father  had 
resided  many  years  at  Athens. 

9.  Ancus  was  reigning.  10.  They  say  that  Ancus 
was  reigning.  11.  We  know  that  the  city  is  safe.  12. 
They  say  that  the  city  has  been  taken.  13.  It  is  true 
that  good  laws  are  useful.  14.  Have  you  not  heard  that 
the  consul  saved  the  city?  15.  I  have  heard  that  Cice- 
ro the  consul  saved  the  city. 


PART    SECOND. 

LATIN    SELECTIONS. 


FABLES. 

NOTE.  —  It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Fables  and  Anecdotes, 
special  attention  should  be  given  to  Gender  and  to  the  Declension  of  Nouns, 
Adjectives^  and  Pronouns. 

The  Kid  and  the  Wolf. 

100.  Hoedus,  stans  *  in  tecto  domus,2  lupo 3  praeter- 
eunti  maledixit.     Cui  lupus,  " Non  tu"  inquit,4  "  sed 
tectum  mihi  maledicit" 

Saepe  locus5  et  tempus  homines6  timidos  audaces7 
reddit.8 

The  Oxen. 

101.  In  eodem  prato  pascebantur9  tres10  bovesuin 
maxima  concordia,  et  sic  ab  omni  ferarum  incursione 12 
tuti   erant.     Sed   dissidio l3   inter  illos   orto,  singuli    a 
feris14  petiti  et  laniati  sunt. 

Fabula  docet,  quantum  boni  sit 15  in  concordia. 


1  438,  1. 

6  72,  2. 

11  66. 

2  119,  1. 

7  373,  note  2. 

12  100,  3. 

3  384. 

8  463,  I. 

»  431. 

4  297,  II.  2. 

9  408. 

14  415,  I. 

5  141. 

10  175. 

15  529,  I. 

42  LATIN  HEADER. 

TJie  Woman  and  the  Hen. 

102.  Mulier   quaedam   habebat   gallmam,  quae   ei1 
quotidie  ovum  pariebat  aureum.     Hinc  suspicari 2  coe- 
pit,3  illam  auri  massam  intus  celare,  et  gallmam  occldit. 
Sed  nihil  in  ea  rep&rit,  nisi  quod4  in  aliis  gallmis  rep- 
eriri  solet.5     Itaque  dum  majoribus 6  divitiis 7  inhiabat, 
etiam  minores  perdidit. 

The  Peasant  and  the  Mouse. 

103.  Mus8  a  rustico  deprehensus  tarn  acri  morsu 
ejus  digitos  vulneravit,  ut  ille  eum  dimitteret,9  dicens : 
"Nihil)  mehercule,  tarn  pusillum  est,  quod   de   salute  l° 
desperdre  debeat"  modo  se  defendere  velit.12 

The  Fox  and  the  Grapes. 

104.  Vulpes 13  uvam  in  vite  conspicata  ad  illam  sub- 
siliit   omnium  yirium14   suarum   contentione,15  si   earn 
forte  attinggre  posset.     Tandem  defatigata  inani  labore 
discedens  dixit :  "At  nunc  etiam  acerbae  sunt,  nee  eas  in 
via  repertas  16  toller  em"  l7 

Haec  fabula  docet,  multos  ea  contemnere,  quae  se 
assSqui  posse  desperent.18 

The  Wolf  and  the  Crane. 

105.  In  faucibus  lupi  os  inhaesSrat.    Mercede 19  igitur 
condiicit  gruem,20  qui  illud  extrahat.11     Hoc  grus  longi- 
tudme21  colli  facile  effecit.     Quum  autem   mercedem 


1  384,  II. 

8  115,  1. 

15  419,  III.  ;  100,  3. 

2  533. 

°500. 

16  549,  2. 

3  297;  368,  2. 

10  84,  2;  115,  2. 

17  507  ;  507,  3,  note  7. 

4  445,  6. 

11  500. 

18  503,  I. 

5  268,  3. 

12  513,  I. 

19  422;  104,1. 

6  165. 

13  43,  3. 

20  66,  2. 

7  386. 

14  66. 

21  100,  1. 

FABLES.  43 

postularet,1  subrldens  lupus  et  dentibus8  infrendens, 
"Num  tibi"  inquit,  "parva  merces*  videtur,  quod  caput 
incolume  ex  lupifauclbus  extraxistif" 

The  Trumpeter. 

106.  Tubicen4  ab  hostibus  captus,  "  Ne 5  me"  inquit, 
"interfidte;  nam  inermis  sum,  neque6  quidquam  habeo 
praeter  Jianc  tubam."     At  hostes,  "  Propter  hoc  ipsum" 
inquiunt,  "  te  interimemus,  quod,  quum  ipse  pugnandi 7 
sis 8  imperitus,  olios  ad pugnam  incitdre  soles" 

Fabula  docet,  non  solum  maleficos 9  esse  puniendos, 
sed  etiani  eos,  qui  alios  ad  male  faciendum  10  irritent.11 

The  Husbandman  and  Ms  Sons. 

107.  AgricSLa  senex,  quum  mortem  w  sibi 13  appro- 
pinquare  sentlret,14  filios  convocavit,  quos,15  ut  fiSri 10  so- 
let,  interdtim  discordare  noverat,17  et  fascem  virgularum 
afferri 18  jubet.     Quibus  allatis,  filios  hortatur,  ut  hunc 
fascem  frangSrent.     Quod 19  quum  fac^re  non  possent, 
distribuit  siiigulas  virgas,  iisque  celeriter  fractis,  docuit 
illos,  quam  firma  res 20  esset 21  concordia,  quamque  imbe- 
cillis  discordia. 


108.    Mures   aliquando    habuerunt   consilium,    quo- 
modo  sibi 2S  a  fele  caverent.     Multis  aliis 23  propositis, 


1  521,  II.,  2. 

9  441  ;  36. 

17  278. 

2  110,  1. 

10  541  ;  542,  III. 

18  292,  2  ; 

535. 

3  362. 

11  503,  I. 

19  453. 

4  76,  note  1. 

12  105. 

20  362. 

5  488. 

13  386. 

21  529. 

6  554,  I.  2. 

14  521,  II.  2. 

22  385,  II 

,  1. 

7  542,  I.  ;  399. 

15  536. 

23  431. 

8  517. 

16  294. 

44  LATIN  HEADER. 

omnibus  placuit,  ut  ei l  tintinnabulum  annecteretur ; * 
sic  enim  ipsos3  sonitu  admomtos  earn  fugere  posse. 
Sed  quum  jam  inter  mures  quaereretur,4  qui  feli  tintin- 
nabulum annect&ret,5  nemo  repertus  est. 

Fabula  docet,  in  suadendo6  plurimos7  esse  audaces, 
sed  in  ipso  periculo  timidos. 

TJie  Enemies. 

109.  In  eadem  navi8  vehebantur  duo,9  qui  inter  se 
capitalia  odia  exercebant.     Uiius 9  eorum  in  prora,  alter10 
in  puppi n  residebat.     Orta  tempe state  ingenti,  quum 
omnes  de  vita  desperarent,  interrogat  is,  qui  in  puppi 
sedebat,  gubernatorem,  utram  10  partem  navisllprius  sub- 
mersum   iri   existimdret.     Cui   gubernator,    "  Proram" 
respondit.     Turn  ille,  "Jam  mors  miJii  non  molesta  est, 
quum  inimici  mei  mortem  adspecturus  sim."  12 

The  Tortoise  and  the  Eagle. 

110.  Testudo   aquilam   magnopere   orabat,  ut   sese 
volare  doceret.13     Aquila  ei  ostendebat  quidem,  earn  l4 
rem15  petSre  naturae16  suae  contrariam;  sed  ilia  nihilo17 
minus  instabat,  et  obsecrabat  aquflam,  ut  se  volucrem 
facSre  vellet.18     ItSque  ungulis  arreptam  aquila  sustulit 
in  sublime,  et   demisit   illam,  ut  per  aerem  ferretur.13 
Turn  in  saxa  incidens  comminiita  interiit.19 

Haec  fabula  docet,  multos  cupiditatibus  suis  occaeca- 
tGS  consilia  prudentiorum  respuere,  et  in  exitium  ruere 
stultitia20  sua. 


.   »  386. 

8  62,  III. 

15  371. 

2  501,  I.  1. 

9  441  ;  175. 

ld  391. 

3  536. 

10  151. 

17  423. 

4  521,  II.  2. 

11  62,  III. 

18  293. 

5  529. 

12  517. 

19  295,  3. 

6  542,  IV. 

13  497. 

20  416. 

7  165  ;  441. 

14  536. 

ANECDOTES.  45 

111.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 

1.  The  trumpeter  incites  the  brave  soldiers  to  battle. 
2.  The  brave  soldiers  are  incited  to  battle  by  the  trum- 
peter. 3.  The  citizens  have  despaired  of  safety.  4.  Let 
us  not  despair  of  safety.  5.  Timid  men  often  despair 
of  safety.  6.  Brave  soldiers  will  never  despair  of  their 
country.  7.  The  citizens  are  safe  from  the  incursions 
of  the  enemy.  8.  Let  us  not  be  timid  in  danger.  9.  A 
reward  must  be  demanded.  10.  We  will  demand  a 
small  reward. 


ANECDOTES. 

Anaxagoras. 

112.  Anaxagbram  ferunt,1  nuntiata  morte  filii,  dix- 
isse  :   "  Sciebam  me  genuisse  mortalem."  ' 

Tholes. 

113.  Thales  interrogatus,  quid  esset3  Deus,  "  Quod" 
inquit,  "  initio  4  et  fine  caret." 

114.  Thales  interrogatus,  quid  esset  difficile,5  "  Se 
ipsum"   inquit,    "  nosse." 6      Interrogatus,    quid    esset 
facile  :    "  Alterum"  inquit,   "  admonere." 

115.  Thales  rogatus,  quid  maxime  commune  esset 
homimbus,7  "  Spes"  respondit,   "hanc  enim  et  illi  ha- 
bent,  qui  aliud  nihil." 

116.  Quum  Thales  interrogaretur,8  quid  esset  om- 
nium vetustissimum,  respondit :  "  Deus,  quod  nunquam 
esse  coepit." J 

1  292.  4  4H,  I.  7  391. 

2  371,  IV.  5  163,  2.  *  521,  II.  2. 

3  529.  6  235,  2.  9  297. 


46  LATIN  BEADE&. 

Socrates. 

117.  Socrates,  in  pompa  quum  magna  vis  auri  argen- 
tique  ferretur,1  "  Quam  multa  non  desidero"  inquit. 

118.  Sapientissimus  Socrates  dicebat,2  scire  se 3  nihil, 
praeter  hoc  ipsum,  quod  nihil  sciret:*  reliquos  hoc  etiam 
nesclre. 

Scipio  Africanus. 

119.  Scipio  Africanus  nunquam  ad  negotia  publica 
accedebat,  antequam  in  templo  Jovis  5  precatus  esset.6 

120.  Scipio  Africanus   Ennii  poetae  imagmem7  in 
sepulcro  gentis  Corneliae  collocari  jussit,8  quod  Scipio- 
num  res  gestas  carmimbus  suis  illustraverat.9 

Antigonus  and  the  Cynic. 

121.  Ab  Antigono  Cymcus  quidam  petiit 10  talentum.  - 
Respondit,11  plus12  esse,  quam  quod13  CynicMs  peter e  de- 
beret?    Repulsus  petiit  denarium.     Respondit  rex,  mi- 
nus™ esse  quam  quod13  regem  deceret  dare.u 

Cicero. 

122.  Cicero  Dolabellae 15  dicenti,  se 16  triginta  annos 
habere,17  "  Verum  est,"  inquit,  "nam  hoc  jam  ante  viginti 
annos  audlvi." 

The  Lacedaemonians. 

123.  Lacedaemonii,  Philippo  minitante 18  per  littgras, 
se   omnia   quae  conarentur19  prohibiturum,"0  quaesive- 
runt,  num  se  esset21  etiam  mori  prohibiturus. 


1  521,  II.  2. 

8  471,  II. 

15  384. 

2  4G9,  II. 

9  472. 

16  536. 

3  536. 

10  235. 

17  535,  I. 

4  524. 

11  368,  2. 

18  431,  2,  (3). 

5  66,  3. 

12  165. 

19  524. 

e  520,  II. 

13  371  ;  445,  6. 

20  534,  note. 

7  72,  2. 

14  538. 

21  529. 

ANECDOTES.  47 

124.  Leomdas,  Lacedaemoniorum  rex,  quum  Xerxes 
scripsisset,1  "Mitte  arma;"  respondit,  "Veni  et  cape" 

125.  Quum  ad  Leomdam  quidam  militum  2  dixisset,1 
"Hastes  sunt  prope  nos;"  "M  nos,"3  inquit,   "prope 
illos." 

126.  E  Lacedaemoniis  4  unus,  quum  Perses  hostis  in 
colloquio   dixisset x  glorians,  "  Solem 5   prae  jaculorum 
multitudme6  et  sagittarum  noil  videbitis,"  "In  umbra 
igltur"  inquit,  "pugnaUmus" 

127.  Lacedaemonius  quidam  quum  rideretur,1  quod 
claudus  in  pugiiam  iret,7  " At  mihi"  inquit,  ^ pugndref 
nonfugere  est proposition" 

Solon. 

128.  Solon  quum  interrogaretur,1  cur  nullum  sup- 
plicium  constituisset 9  in  eum,  qui  parentem  necasset,10 
respondit,  se  id  nemmemfacturum11  putasse.12 

T/ieopJirastus,  the  Philosopher. 

129.  Theophrastus   ad   quendam,   qui   in    convivio 
prorsus  silebat;  "Si  stultus  es"  inquit,  "remfacis  sapi- 
entem ;  si  sapiens,  stultam" 

Theocritus,  the  Poet. 

130.  Miser  poeta  praelegerat  Theocrito 13  versus  suos. 
Turn    interrogabat,14    quosnam     maxime    approbaret.9 
"  Quos 15  omisisti"  respondit. 

1  521,  II.  2.  6  72,  2.  "  534,  note. 

2  397.  7  516,  II.  12  235. 

3  368,  3.  8  538.  13  386,  1. 

4  397,  3,  note  3.  9  529 ;  493.  14  368,  2. 
6  112,  75.  10  503,  I. ;  235.  15  445,  6. 


48  LATIN  HEADER. 

Cornelia. 

131.  Cornelia,  Gracchorum  mater,  quum  Campana 
matrona,  apud  illam  hospita,1  ornamenta  sua  pulcher- 
rima2  ipsi   ostenderet,3  traxit   earn   sermone,4  donee   e 
jschola  redirent5  liberi.     Turn,  "Et  haec"  inquit,  "  mea 
sunt  ornamenta" 

Themistocles. 

132.  Memoriam  in   ThemistOcle  fuisse   singularem 
ferunt.     Itaque  quum   ei   Simomdes   artem   memoriae 
polliceretur,3 "  Oblivionis"  Q  inquit,  u  mallem; 7  nam  mem- 
mi  etiam,  quae 8  nolo  ;  oblivisci  non  possum,  quae  volo." 

133.  Themistocles  quum  consuleretur,3  utrum  bono 
viro  pauperi,  an  minus  probato  diviti  filiam  collocaret,9 
"Ego  vero"  inquit,  "malo  virum,  qui  pecunid10  egeat* 
quam pecuniam,  quae  viro" 

134.  Themistocles    interroganti,12   utrum   Achilles13 
esse  mallet,14  an  Homerus,  respondit :  "  Tu   vero  mal- 
lesne 15  te  in  Olympico  certamme  victor  em  w  renuntidri,  an 
praeco u  esse,  qui  victorum  nomina 1T procldmat" 


Diogenes,  the  Cynic. 

135.  Diogenes  Cymcus  Myndum18  profectus,  quum 
videret3  magnificas18  portas  et  urbem  exiguam,  Myn- 
dios  monuit,  ut  portas  claudereiit,20  ne  urbs  egrederetur.20 


'SGS. 

8  445,  6. 

15  351,  1  note  1  ;    485. 

2  163,  1. 

9  529;  529,3,  1). 

16  536,  2,  2). 

3  521,  II.  2. 

10  414,  I. 

17  76,  note  1. 

4  420. 

11  503,  I. 

18  380,  II. 

5  295,  3;  519,11.2. 

12  441  ;  384. 

19  164. 

6  398,  I,  note  1. 

13  536,  2,  1). 

20  497. 

7  485,  486,  1.  note  1. 

14  529. 

ANECDOTES.  49 

Thrasybulus. 

136.  Quum  quidam  Thrasybulo,  qui  civitatem  Athe- 
niensium  a  tyrannorum  dominatione  liberavit,  dixisset : 1 
"  Quantas  tibi  gratias  AtJienae  debent !  "  ille  respondit : 
"  Diifaciant?  ut  quantas  ipse  patriae  debeo  gratias,  tan- 
tas  ei  videar3  retulisse." 

Xerxes. 

137.  Xerxes  refertus  donis 4  fortunae,  non  equitatu,5 
non  pedestribus  copiis,  non  navium  multitudine,  non  in- 
fimto  pondere 6  auri  contentus,  praemium  ei  proposuit, 
qui  invenisset7  novam  voluptatem. 

Metellus  Pius. 

138.  Metellus  Pius,  in  Hispania  bellum  gerens 8  in- 
terrogatus,  quid  postero  die 9  facturus  esset  ? 10  "  Tunicam 
meam"  inquit,  "si  idn  eloqui posset,  comburerem." ** 

Publius  Eutilius  Eufus. 

139.  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus  quum  amici  cujusdam 
injustae  rogation!13  resistSret,1  atque  is  per  suminam1* 
indignationem  dixisset,  "  Quid  ergo  mihi 15  opus  est  ami- 
citia15  tua,  si,  quodl6rogo,  non  facis?"     "Immo"  in- 
quit,  "quid  mihi  tud,  si  propter  te  aliquid  injuste  factu- 
rus sum?  " 

Philip. 

140.  Mulier  quaedam  a  Philippo,  quum  a  convivio 


1  521,  II.  2. 

7  503,  I. 

M  510,  note  1. 

2483. 

8  549,  1. 

13  385. 

3  498,  II;  534, 

1,  notel.   9429. 

14  163,  3. 

4  421,  II. 

10  529. 

15  414,  IV.  note  2. 

5  421,  III. 

11  371. 

!«  445,  6. 

«  85,  1. 

50  LATIN   READER. 

temulentus  recedSret1  damnata,  "A  Philippo"  inquit, 
"  temulento  ad  Philippum  sobrium  provoco" 

Titus. 

141.  Titus  amor  et  deliciae  generis  humani  appella- 
tus  est.  Recordatus  quondam  super  coenam,  quod  ni- 
hil  cuiquam  toto  2  die  3  praestitisset,4  memorabilem  illam 
meritoque  laudatam  vocem  edidit:  "Amid,  diem  per- 


Xenophon. 

142.  Xenophon,    quum    solemne    sacrum    fac&ret,1 
filium  apud  Mantineam  in  proelio  cecidisse  5  cognovit. 
Coronam  deposuit,  sed,  ut  audivit  fortissime  pugnantem 
interiisse,6  coronam   capiti7  reposuit,  numma  testatus, 
se  8  majorem  ex  virtute  filii  voluptatem,  quam  ex  morte 
dolorem  sentire. 

Diagoras,  the  Ehodian. 

143.  DiagSras  Rhodius,  quum  tres  ejus  filii  in  ludis 
Olympicis  victores  renuntiati  essent,1  tanto  affectus  est 
gaudio,9  ut  in  ipso  stadio,  inspectante  populo,10  in  filio- 
rum  manibua"  ammani  redderet.12 

Euripides,  the  Tragic  Poet. 

144.  Athenienses  quondam  ab  Euripide  postulabant, 
ut   ex  tragoedia    sententiam    quandam    tolleret.18   Ille 
autem  in  scenam  progressus  dixit,  se  fabulas  compon&re 
solere,14  ut  populum  doceret,15  non  ut  a  populo  discSret. 


1  521,  II.  2. 

6  295,  3. 

11  118,  (1). 

2151. 

7  384,  II. 

12  500. 

8  429. 

8  53G. 

13  498,  I. 

4  540,  IV. 

9  420,  2. 

14  268,  3. 

6  535,  I. 

10  431;  431,  (3), 

15  497. 

ANECDOTES.  51 

Tiberius,  the  Roman  Emperor. 

145.  Tiberius  praesidibus1  onerandas  tribute2  pro- 
vincias3   suadentibus    rescripsit:     "  Boni  pastoris*   est 
tondere 5  pecus,  non  deglubere"     Iliensium  legatis6  pau- 
lo 7  serius 8  de  morte  filii  Drusi  consolantibus,  irridens, 
se  quoque,  respondit,  vicem9  eorum  dolere,  quod  Hecto- 
rem  amisissent.™     Effluxgrant   autem   turn  plus   quam 
mille11  anni  a  morte  Hect5ris. 

Simonides. 

146.  Quum  de  Simomde  quaesivisset12  tyrannus  Hi- 
Sro,  quid  esset13  Deus;  deliberandi M  sibi  unum  diem 
postulavit.      Quum  idem16  ex  eo  postridie  quaerSret,12 
biduum  petivit.     Quum   saepius   dupliearet  numSrum 
dierum,  adiniransque  HiSro  requirgret,  cur  ita  fac^ret 13 ; 
"  Quia"  inquit,  "  quanta 7  diutius  considero,  tanto  mihi 
res  videtur  obscurior" 

147.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 

1.  Hope  is  common  to  all  men.  2.  It  is  easy  to  ad- 
monish another.  3.  The  brave  soldiers  fought  most 
bravely.  4.  The  son  of  Xenophon  fought  bravely. 

5.  Xenophon  heard  that  his  son  had  fought  bravely. 

6.  Herald,  proclaim  the  name  of  the  victor.     7.  The 
names  of  the  victors  will  be  proclaimed  by  the  heralds. 
8.  Have  you  not  read  the  poems  of  Ennius?     9.  I  have 
not  yet  read  them.     10.  They  liberated  the  city  from 
the  rule  of  the  tyrants.     11.  Let  us  be  content  with 
our  books. 


J384;  81,  2. 

6  384. 

11  178. 

*  421,  III.  note  1. 

7  423. 

12  521,  II.  2. 

3  536. 

8  444,  1. 

13  529. 

4  401. 

9  133,  1;  371,111.  note  1. 

14  542,  I. 

6  538. 

10  524. 

15  371. 

KOMAK    HISTOKY. 

NOTE.— -It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Roman  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  Synopsis  of  Conjugation  and  to  the  Forma- 
tion of  the  Parts  of  the  Verb.  —  213-288. 

PERIOD   I.  —  ITALIAN  AND   ROMAN  KINGS. 

FROM  THE  EARLIEST  TIMES  TO  THE  BANISHMENT  OF  TARQUIN,  510  B.  C. 

Early  Italian  Kings.  —  Aeneas  in  Italy. 

148.  Antiquissimis 1  temporibus 2   Saturnus   in   Ita- 
liam  venisse  dicitur.3    Ibi  baud  procul  a  Janiculo  arcem 
condidit,   eamque   Saturniam4   appellavit.     Hie  Italos 
primus5  agriculturam 6  docuit.7 

149.  Postea  Latinus   in  illis  regiombus  imperavit. 
Sub  hoc  rege  Troja  in  Asia  e versa  est.     Hinc  Aeneas, 
Anchisae  films,  cum  multis  Trojanis,  quibus  b  ferrum 
Graecorum  peperc&at,9  aufugit,10  et  in  Italiam  perve- 
nit.     Ibi  Latmus  rex  ei11  benigne  recepto le  filiam  Lavin- 
iam  in   matrimonium  dedit.     Aeneas  urbem  condidit,9 
quam  in  honorem  conjugis 12  Lavinium  appellavit. 

Ascanius  and  the  Kings  of  Alba. 

150.  Post  Aeneae  mortem  Ascanius,  Aeneae  films, 
regnum  accepit.      Hie   sedem   regni  in   alium  locum 

1  444,  1.  5  442,  note.  e  272,  1. 

2  429.  6  374.  I0  271,  2. 

3  534,  1,  note  1.  7  263.  »  384,  II. 

4  373.  8  385.  12  98,  note  1. 


ROMAN  HISTORY.  53 

transtulit,1  urbemque  condidit  in  monte  2  Albano  earn- 
que  Albam  Longam  nuncupavit.  Eum  secutus  est3 
Silvius,  qui  post  Aeneae  mortem  a  Lavinia  genitus  erat. 
Ejus  poster!  omnes,  usque  ad  Romam  conditam,4  Albae 5 
regnaverunt. 

151.  Silvius  Procas,  rex  Albanorum,  duos  filios  reli- 
quit,6  Numitorem  et  Amulium.     Horum  minor 7  natu,8 
Amulius,  fratri  optionem  dedit,  utrum  regnum  habere 
vellet,9  an  bona,10  quae  pater  reliquisset.11    Numitor  pa- 
terna  bona  praetulit ; l  Amulius  regnum  obtinuit. 

Birth  of  Eomulus  and  Remus. 

152.  Amulius,   ut   regnum    firmissime    possideret,12 
Numitoris  filium  per  insidias  interemit,13  et  filiam  fra- 
tris,  Rheam  Silviam,  Vestalem  virgmem  fecit.6     Nam 
his  Vestae  sacerdotibus  non  licet  viro  u  nubere.     Sed 
haec  a  Marte  gemmos  filios,  Roniulum  et  Remum,  pepe- 
rit.15     Hoc   quum   Amulius   comperisset,16   matrem    in 
yincula   conjecit,   pueros    autem    in    Tiberim 17   abjici 
jussit.18 

153.  Forte  Tiberis  aqua   ultra  ripam   se   effude'rat, 
et,  quum  pueri  in  vado  essent  positi,19  aqua  refluens 20 
eos  in  sicco  reliquit.     Ad  eorum  vagltum  lupa  accur- 
rit,21  eosque  uberibus  suis  aluit.     Quod22videns  Faus- 
tulus  quidam,  pastor  illms  regionis,  pueros  sustulit,1  et 
uxori  Accae  Laurentiae  nutriendos  23  dedit. 


i  292,  2. 

9  529. 

17  62,  II.  2. 

2  110,  1. 

10  441,  1. 

18  265. 

3  283. 

11  529,  II. 

19  517. 

4  549,  5,  note  2. 

12  497. 

20  549,  1. 

5  425,  II. 

13  221,  I. 

21  255,  I.  4. 

6  271,  2. 

14  385,  II.  note  3. 

22  453. 

7  165. 

15  272,  1. 

33  549,  3. 

8  424. 

16  521,  II.  2. 

54  LATIN  READER. 

Some  founded,  753  B.  C. 

154.  Sic  Romulus  et  Remus  pueritiam  inter  pastores 
transegerunt.1     Quum  adolevissent,2  et  forte  comperis- 
sent,  quis  ipsorum  avus,  quae  mater  fuisset,3  Amulium 
interfecerunt,   et   Numitori   avo   regnum   restituerunt. 
Turn  urbem  eondiderunt  in  monte  Aventmo,  quam  Rom- 
ulus a  suo  nomine  Romam  vocavit.     Haec  quum  moei> 
ibus4  circumdaretur,2  Remus  occisus  est,  dum  fratrem 
iriidens  moenia  transiliebat. 

Seizure  of  the  Sabine  Women. 

155.  Romulus,  ut  civium  numSrum  augeret,5  asylum 
patefecit,6  ad  quod  multi  ex  civitatibus  suis  pulsi  accur- 
rerunt.     Sed   novae   urbis   civibus7  conjuges   deerant. 
Itaque  festum  Neptuni  et  ludos  instituit.    Ad  hos  quum 
multi8  ex  finitimis  populis  cum  mulieribus  et  libSris 
venissent,2  Romani  inter  ipsos  ludos  spectantes 9  virgmes 
rapuerunt. 

156.  Populi  illi,  quorum  virgines  raptae  erant,  bel- 
lum  adversus  raptores  susceperunt.     Quum  Romae 10  ap* 
propinquarent,2  forte  in  Tarpeiam  yirgmem  inciderunt, 
quae  in  arce  sacra  procurabat.     Hanc  rogabant,  ut  viam 
in  arcem  monstraret,11  eique  permiserunt,  ut  munus  sibi 
posceret.12    Ilia  petiit,  ut  sibi  darent,11  quod  13  in  sinistris 
mambus  u  gererent,15  annulos  aureos  et  armillas  signif  i- 
cans.   At  hostes  in  arcem  ab  ea  perducti  scutis  Tarpeiam 
obruerunt ;  nam  et  ea  in  sinistris  mambus  gerebaiit. 


1  255,  II. 

6  271,  2. 

11  498,  I. 

2  521,  II.  2. 

386,  2. 

12  272,  1. 

3  529. 

441,  1. 

w  445,  6. 

4  131,  1  ;  420. 

9  549,  1. 

14  118. 

*  264  ;  497. 

10  386. 

16  529,  II. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  55 


The  Salines  are  received  into  the  City.  —  Death  of  Eomulus. 

157.  Turn  Romulus  cum  hoste,  qui  montem  Tarpe- 
ium  tenebat,  pugnam  conseruit  in  eo  loco,  ubi  nunc 
forum  Romanum  est.     In  media l  caede  raptae 2  proces- 
serunt,  et  hiiic  patres,  hinc  conjuges  et  soceros  complec- 
tebantur,  et  rogabant,  ut  caedis  finem  f acSrent.3    Utiique 
his   precibus  commoti   sunt.     Romulus   foedus  icit,  et 
Sabmos  in  urbem  recepit. 

158.  Postea  civitatem   descripsit.4     Centum  senato- 
res  legit,5  eosque  quum  ob  aetatem,  turn  ob  reverentiam 
iis  debitam,  Patres  appellavit.    Plebem  in  triginta  curias 
distribuit,  easque  raptarum  nominibus  nuncupavit.    An- 
no regni  tricesimo  septimo,  quum  exercitum  lustraret,6 
inter  tempestatem  ortam 7  repente  oculis 8  hominum  sub- 
ductus  est.     Hinc  alii9  eum  a  senatoribus  interfectum, 
alii  ad  deos  sublatum 10  esse  existimaverunt. 


Numa  Pompilius. 

159.  Post  Romuli  mortem  unms  anni  interregnum 
fuit.  Quo  elapso,11  Numa  Pompilius  Curibus,12  urbe  in 
agro  Sabinorum,  natus  rex  creatus  est.  Hie  vir  bellum 
quidem  nullum  gessit ;  nee  minus  tamen  civitati 13  profuit. 
Nam  et  leges  dedit,  et  sacra  plurima  instituit  ut  populi 
barbari  et  bellicosi  mores  molliret.14  Omnia  autem, 
quae  faciebat,  se  nymphae  Egeriae,  conjugis  suae,  mon- 
itu  facere  dicebat.  Morbo  decessit,15  quadragesimo 
tertio  imperil  anno. 


1  440,  2,  note  1. 

6  521,  II.  2. 

11  431,  2. 

2  441. 

7  549,  4. 

12  425,  II. 

3  498,  I. 

8  386. 

13  386,  2. 

4  33,  1. 

9  459. 

14  497. 

5  255,  II. 

10  292,  2. 

15  34,  1. 

5 

56  LATIN   HEADER. 

Tullus  Hostilius. 

160.  Numae  l  successit  Tullus  Hostilius,  cujus  avus 
se  in  bello  adversus  Sabmos  fortem  et  strenuum  yirum 
praestiterat.2     Rex 3  creatus  bellum  Albanis  iridixit,  id- 
que    trigeminorum,    Horatiorum   et   Curiatiorum,    cer- 
tamme  finivit.     Albam  propter  perfidiam  Metii  Suffetii 
diruit.     Quum  triginta  duobus   annis4  regnasset,5  ful- 
mme  ictus  cum  domo  sua  arsit.6 

Ancus  Marcius. 

161.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Numae  ex  filia  ne- 
pos,  suscepit  imperium.     Hie  vir  aequitate  et  religione 
avo 7  similis,  Latinos  bello  domuit,8  urbem  ampliavit,  et 
nova  ei 9  moenia  circumdedit.     Carcerem  primus 10  aedifi- 
cavit.     Ad   Tiberis   ostia   urbem   condidit,  Ostiamque 
vocavit.     Vicesinio  quarto  anno  imperii  morbo  obiit.11 

Lucius  Tarquinius  Prisons. 

162.  Deinde  regnum  Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus  ac- 
cepit,  Demarati  filius,  qui  tyrannos  patriae  Corinthi  fu- 
giens  in  Etruriam  venerat.     Ipse  Tarquinius,  qui  nomen 
ab  urbe  Tarquiniis  accepit,  aliquando  Romam 12  profec- 
tus 13  erat. 

163.  Quum  Romae  u  commoraretur,5  Anci  regis  fa- 
miliaritatem  consecutus  est,  qui  eum  filiorum  suorum 
tutorem 15  reliquit.     Sed  is  pupillis l  regnum  intercepit. 
Senatoribus,  quos  Romulus  creaverat,  centum  alios  ad- 
didit,  qui  minorum  gentium  sunt  appellati.     Plura  bella 

1  386.  e  265.  J1  295,  3. 

2  259,  note  2.  7  391.  12  380. 

3  362,  3.  8  258.  13  283. 

4  379,  1.  9  384,  II.  2.  14  425,  II. 
6  521,  II.  2.  10  442,  note.  I5  373. 


ROMAN  HISTORY.  57 

feliciter  gessit,  nee  paueos  agros,  hostibus l  ademptos, 
urbis  territorio  adjunxit.  Primus2  triumphans  urbem 
intravit.  Cloacas  fecit;3  Capitolium  inchoavit.  Tri- 
cesimo  octavo  imperil  anno  per  Anci  filios,4  quibus 5  reg- 
num  eripuerat,  occisus  est. 

Servius  Tullius. 

164.  Post  hunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium, 
genitus   ex   nobili  femma,  captiva  tamen   et  famula. 
Quum  adolevisset,6  rex  ei  filiam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

165.  Quum  Priscus  Tarquinius  occisus  esset,  Tana- 
quil  de  superiore7  parte  domus  populum  allocuta  est, 
dicens:  regem  grave  quidem,  sed  non  letdle  vulnus  ac- 
cepisse  ;  eum  petere,  ut  populus,  dum  convaluisset*  Ser- 
vio   Tullio   obediret*     Sic   Servius   regnare   coepit,  sed 
bene  imperium   administravit.     Montes   tres   urbi   ad- 
junxit.10    Primus  omnium  censum   ordinavit.     Sub  eo 
Roma  habuit  octoginta  tria  millia  civium  cum  his,  qui 
in  agris  erant. 

166.  Hie  rex  interfectus  est  scelere  filiae  Tulliae  et 
Tarquinii  Superbi,  filii  ejus  regis,  cui l  Servius  successS- 
rat.     Nam  ab  ipso  Tarquinio  interfectus  est.     Tullia  in 
forum  properavit,  et  prima  conjugem  regem  salutavit. 
Quum  domum  u  redlret,  aurlgam  super  patris  corpus,  in 
via  jacens,la  carpeiitum  agere  jussit. 

Banishment  of  Tarquinius  Superbus,  510  B.  C. 

167.  Tarquinius     Superbus     cognomen     moribus n 
meruit.      Bello 14   tamen   strenuus   plures    finitimorum 


386. 

6  521,  II.  2. 

11  380,  II.  2. 

2  442,  note. 

7  163,  3. 

12  549,  4. 

3  255,  II. 

8  525,  2. 

13  420. 

4  415,  1,  note  1. 

9  498,  I. 

14  424. 

6  386,  2. 

10  30. 

58  LATEST  KEADEK. 

populorum  vicit.  Postea  imperium  perdidit.  Fugit 
itaque  cum  uxore  et  libSris  suis.  Ita  Romae  septem 
reges  regnaverunt  annos  ducentos  quadraginta  quat- 
tuor. 

168.    EXERCISE   IN  WHITING   LATIN. 

1.  The  citadel  was  called  Saturnia.  2.  Did  not  As- 
caiiius  found  a  city  in  Italy  ?  3.  He  founded  a  city  in 
very  early  times.  4.  He  is  said  to  have  founded  a  city 
in  very  early  times.  5.  They  say  that  he  founded  a  city. 
6.  The  city  was  called  Alba  Longa.  7.  Who  founded 
Rome?  8.  Romulus  founded  Rome.  9.  Who  enlarged 
the  city  ?  10.  King  Ancus  enlarged  the  city.  11.  Whom 
did  Servius  Tullius  succeed?  12.  King  Servius  suc- 
ceeded Tarquinius  Priscus. 


PEEIOD   H. — KOMAN  STRUGGLES  AND  CONQUESTS. 

FROM  THE   ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE   COMMONWEALTH  TO   THE  FIRST  PUNIC 
WAR,   264  B.  C. 

Consuls  at  Borne,  509  B.  C.  —  War  with  Tarquin. 

169.  Tarquinio  expulso,1  consules  coepere*  pro  uno 
rege  duo  creari,  ut,  si  unus  malus  esset,3  alter  eum  coer- 
ceret.*  Annuum  iis  imperium  tributum  est,  ne  per 
diuturnitatem  potestatis  insolentiores  redderentur.4  Fue- 
runt  anno  primo  consules  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  et 
Tarquinius  Collatmus.  Sed  Collatmo 5  paulo  post  »dig- 
nitas  sublata  est,  et  in  ejus  locum  Valerius  PublicSla 
consul  factus  est. 

1  431,  2.  3  509.  c  386. 

2  236 ;  297.  *  497. 


ROMAN   HISTORY.  59 

170.  Commovit1  bellum  urbi  rex  Tarquinius.  In 
prima  pugna  Brutus  consul,  et  Aruns,  Tarquinii  filius, 
sese  invicem  occiderunt.  Roman!  tamen  ex  ea  pugna 
victores  recesserunt.2  Brutum  Romanae  matronae,  quasi 
communem  patrem,  per  annum  luxerunt.  Valerius 
Publicola  Spurium  Lucretium  collegam3  sibi4  fecit; 
quum  morbo  exstinctus  esset,5  Publicola  Horatium  Pul- 
villum  sibi  collegam  sumpsit.0  Ita  primus  annus  quin- 
que  consules  habuit. 


War  with  Porsena,  508  B.  C. 

171.  Secundo  quoque  anno  it£rum   Tarquinius  bel- 
lum Romanis  intulit,7  Porsena,  rege  Etruscorum,  aux- 
ilium  ei  ferente.8    In  illo  bello  Horatius  Codes  solus 
pontem   ligneum    defendit,  et  hostes   cohibuit,  donee 
pons9  a  tergo  ruptus  esset.10     Turn   se  cum   armis  in 
TibSrim  n  conjecit,  et  ad  suos  transnavit. 

172.  Dum  Porsena  urbem  obsidebat,  Quintus   Mu- 
cius  Scaevola,  juvenis  fortis  ammi,  in  castra  hostium  se 
contulit  eo  consilio,12  ut  regem  occideret.13     At  ibi  scri- 
bam  regis  pro  ipso  rege  interfecit.     Turn  a  regiis  satel- 
litibus    comprehensus   et   ad   regem    deductus,  quum 
PorsSna  eum   ignibus  allatis  M  terreret,15  dextram  arae 
accensae    imposuit,   donee   flammis   consumpta   esset.10 
Hoc  facmus  rex  miratus  juvenem  dimisit 16  incolumem. 
Turn  hie,  quasi  beneficium  refSreiis,  ait,17  trecentos  alios 
juvenes  in  eum  conjurasse™     Hac  re  territus  Porsena 


1  266. 

7  292,  2. 

13  498. 

2  34,  1. 

8  431,  2. 

14  549,  5,  note  2. 

3  373. 

9  110,  1. 

15  521,  II.  2. 

4  384. 

10  519,  II.  2. 

16  36,  2. 

6  521,  II.  2;  2G9. 

11  62,  II.  2. 

17  297,  II. 

6  34,  1,  note. 

12  413. 

18  235. 

60  LATIN  BEADEB. 

pacem  cum  Romanis  fecit,  Tarquinius  autem  Tusculum1 
se  contulit,  ibique  privatus  consenuit.2 


Secession  to  the  Mons  Sacer,  494  B.  0. 

173.  Sexto  decimo  anno  post  reges  exactos,3  populus 
Romae  seditionem  fecit,  questus  quod  tributis  et  militia 
a  senatu  exhauriretur.4  Magna  pars  plebis  urbem  reli- 
quit,  et  in  montem  trans  Anienem 5  amnem c  secessit. 
Turn  patres  turbati  Menenium  Agrippam  miserunt  ad 
plebem,  qui  earn  senatui  eonciliaret.7  Hie  iis  inter  alia 
fabulam  narravit  de  ventre  et  membris  human!  corporis ; 
qua  populus  commotus  est,  ut  in  urbem  rediret.8  Turn 
primum  tribuni  plebis  creati  sunt,  qui  plebem  adversum 
nobilitatis  superbiam  defenderent.7 


Banishment  of  Coriolanus,  491  B.  C. 

174.  TJndevicesimo  anno  post  exactos  reges,  Caius 
Marcius,  Coriolanus  dictus  ab  urbe  Volscorum  Coriftlis, 
quam  bello  ceperat,  plebi  invlsus9  fieri  coepit.  Quare 
urbe10  expulsus  ad  Volscos,  acerrimos  Romanorum  hos- 
tes,  contendit,  et  ab  iis  dux11  exercitus  factus  Romanes 
saepe  vicit.  Jam  usque  ad  quintum  milliarium  urbis 
accesserat,  nee  ullis  civium  suorum  legatiombus  flecti 
poterat,  ut  patriae12  parceret.8  Denique  Veturia  mater 
et  Volumnia  uxor  ex  urbe  ad  eum  venerunt ; 13  quarum 
fletu  et  precibus  commotus  est,  ut  exercitum  removeret.8 
Quo  facto14  a  Volscis  ut  proditor  occlsus9  esse  dicitur. 


1  380. 

6  107,  1. 

11  £#*,  3. 

2  281. 

7  497,  I. 

12  385. 

3  549,  5  note  2. 

8  500. 

13  463,  II. 

4  516,  II. 

9  536,  2,  1). 

"  431,  2,  (2). 

6  72,  4. 

10  413. 

KOMAN  HISTORY.  61 

The  FaUi  cut  off  at  tlie  Cremera,  477  B.  C. 

175.  Roman!  quum  adversum  Veientes  bellum  ger£- 
rent,1   familia   Fabiorum    sola2  hoc    bellum    suscepit. 
Prof ecti3  stint  trecenti  sex  nobilissimi  homines,  duce4 
Fabio   consule.5     Quum   saepe   hostes  vicissent,1  apud 
Cremeram  fluvium  castra  posuerunt.     Ibi,  quum  Veien- 
tes dolo6  usi  eos  in  insidias  pellexissent,  in  proelio  exorto7 
omnes  perierunt.     Unus  superfuit  ex  tanta  familia,  qui 
propter  aetatem  puerilem  duci  non  potuerat  ad  pugnam. 
Hie  genus  propagavit  ad  Quintum  Fabium  Maximum 
ilium,  qui  Hannibalem  prudenti  cunctatione  debilitavit. 

Home  taken  by  the  Gauls,  390  B.  C. 

176.  Galli   Senfaies   ad   urbem  venerunt,  Romanos 
apud  flumen  Alliam  vicerunt,  et  urbem  etiam  occupa* 
runt.    Jam  nihil  praeter  Capitolium  defendi  potuit.    Et 
jam  praesidium  fame 8  laborabat,  et  in  eo  erant,  ut  pa- 
cem  a  Gallis  auro9  emerent,10  quum  Camillus  cum  manu 
militum  superveniens  hostes  magno  proelio  superavit. 

Valor  of  Titus  Manlius  Torquatus,  361  B.  C. 

177.  Anno  trecentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio  post  ur- 
bem conditam   Galli  iterum  ad  urbem  accesserant,  et 
quarto  milliario11  trans  Anienem  fiuvium  consederant. 
Contra  eos  missus  est  Titus  Quinctius.     Ibi  Gallus  qui- 
dam  eximia  corporis  magnitudme 12  fortissTmum  Romano- 
rum  ad  certamen  singulare  provocavit.     Titus  Manlius, 


1  521,  II.  2. 

5  363. 

9  422. 

2  151. 

6  421,  I. 

10  501. 

3  283. 

7  549,  4. 

11  425,  2,  note  2. 

4  431. 

8  416. 

12  419,  II. 

62  LATIN   HEADER. 

nobilissimus  juvenis,  provocationem  accepit,  Gallum 
occidit,  eumque  torque  l  aureo  spoliavit,  quo  ornatus 
erat.  Hinc  et  ipse  et  poster!  ejus  Torqudti  appellati 
sunt.  Galli  fugam  capessiverunt.2 

Beginning  of  Samnite  Wars,  343  B.  C. 

178.  Postea  Roman!  bellum  gesserunt3  cum  Samniti- 
bus,  ad  quod  Lucius  Papirius  Cursor  cum  honore  dic- 
tatoris   profectus   est.      Qui 4   quum   negotii   cujusdam 
causa  Romam  rediret,5  praecepit  Quinto  Fabio  Rulliano, 
inagistro  equitum,  quern  apud  exercitum  rellquit,  ne 
pugnam  cum  hoste  committeret.6     Sed  ille  occasionem 
nactus7  felicissime   dimicavit,  Sammtes   delevit.      Ob 
hanc  rein  a  dictatore  capitis 8  damnatus  est.     At  ille  in 
urbem  confugit,9  et  ingenti  favore  J0  militum  et  populi 
liberatus  est;   in   Papirium   autem   tanta   exorta11  est 
seditio,  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur.12 

The  Roman  Army  is  made  to  pass  under  the  yoke,  321  B.  (7.  —  The 
Samnites  are  conquered,  290  B.  C. 

179.  Duobus  annis 13  post  Titus  Veturius  et  Spurius 
Postumius  coiisules  bellum  adversum  Sammtes  gerebant. 
Hi  a  Pontio  Thelesmo,  duce  hostium,  in  insidias  inducti 
sunt.    Nam  ad  Furculas  Caudmas  Romanes  pellexit 14  in 
angustias,  unde  sese  expedlre  non  poterant.    Ibi  Pontius 
patrem  suum  Herennium  rogavit,  quid  faciendum  13  pu- 
taret.16     Ille   respondit,    aut   omnes   occidendos   esse,  ut 


MH,  I. 

7  283. 

12  500. 

2  33G,  II.  note  2. 

8  409,  note  2. 

13  423. 

3  269. 

9  271,  2. 

14  272,  1. 

4  453. 

10  420. 

15  534,  note. 

5  521,  II.  2. 

11  288,  2. 

16  529. 

6  498,  I. 

ROMAN  HISTORY.  63 

Romanorum  vires  frangerentur?  aut  omnes  dimittendos, 
ut  beneficio  olligarentur.  Pontius  utrumque 2  consilium 
improbavit,  omnesque  sub  jugum  misit.  Sammtes 
demque  post  bellum  undequinquaginta  annorum  supe- 
lati  sunt. 

War  with  Pyrrhus,  281  B.  0. 

180.  Devictis  Samnitibus,3  Tarentmis  bellum  indic- 
tum  est,  quia  legatis  Romanorum  injuriam  fecissent.4 
Hi  Pyrrhum,  EpTri  regem,  contra  Romanos  auxilium 
poposcerunt.5     Is  mox  in  Italiam  venit,  tumque  primum 
Romani  cum  transmarmo  hoste  pugnaverunt.     Missus 
est  contra  eum  consul  Publius  Valerius  Laevmus.    Hie, 
quum  exploratores  Pyrrhi  cepisset,6  jussit  eos  per  castra 
duci,  tumque  dimitti,  ut  renuntiarent l  Pyrrho,  quaecun- 
que 7  a  Romanis  agerentur.8 

181.  Pugna   commissa,3  Pyrrhus   auxilio  elephanto- 
rum  vicit.     Nox  proelio  finem  dedit.     Laevmus  tameii 
per  noctem  fugit.     Pyrrhus  Romanos  mille  octingentos 
cepit,  eosque   summo9  honore10  tractavit.     Quum  eos, 
qui  in  proelio  interfecti  erant,  omnes  adversis  vulneribus 
et  truci  vultu  etiam  mortuos  jacere  videret,6  tulisse  ad 
coelum  manus  dicitur  cum  hac  voce :  "  Ego  cum  talibus 
viris ll  brevi  orbem 12  terrdrum  subigerem" u 

182.  Postea  Pyrrhus  Romam  perrexit ;  omnia  ferro 
igneque  vastavit ;  Campaniam  depopulatus  est,  atque  ad 
Praeneste13  venit,   milliario14  ab   urbe   octavo   decimo. 
Mox  terrore  exercitus,15  qui  cum  consule  sequebatur,  in 
Campaniam  se  recepit.     Legati  ad  Pyrrhum  de  captivis 


\m. 

6  521,  II.  2. 

11  507,  note  7;  510. 

2  151,  note  2. 

7  445,  6. 

12  107,  2. 

3  431,  2,  (3). 

8  529,  II. 

13  380,  II.  1. 

4  5  16,  II. 

9  1G3,  3. 

14  425,  2,  note  2. 

5  272,  I. 

10  419,  III. 

15  31)6,  11. 

4 

64  LATIN  READER. 

redimendis l  missi 2  honorifiee  ab  eo  suscepti  sunt ;  captl- 
vos  sine  pretio  reddidit.  Unum  ex  legatis,  Fabriciuin, 
sic  admiratus  est,  ut  ei  quartam  partem  regni  sui  pro- 
mitteret,3  si  ad  se  transiret ; 4  sed  a  Fabricio  contemptus  * 
est.  • 

183.  Quum  jam  Pyrrhus  ingenti  Romanorum  admi- 
ratione  teneretur,6  legatum  misit  Cineam,  praestantissi- 
mum  virum,  qui  pacem  peteret7  ea  conditione,  ut  Pyr- 
rhus earn  partem  Italiae,  quam  armis  occupaverat,  reti- 
neret.8  Romani  responderunt,  eum  cum  Romanis  pacem 
habere  non  posse,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset.9  Cineas 
quum  rediisset,  Pyrrho  eum  interroganti,  qualis  ipsi 
Roma  visa  esset,10  respondit,  se  regum  patriam  vidisse.11 
In  alt&ro  proelio  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est,  elephanti  in- 
terfecti,  viginti  millia  hostium  caesa  sunt.  Pyrrhus 
Tarentum  fugit. 

184.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING   LATIN. 

1.  What  ought  to  be  done  ?  2.  I  will  ask  my  father 
what  ought  to  be  done.  3.  Ask  your  father  what  ought 
to  be  done.  4.  Who  conquered  the  enemy  ?  5.  Ca- 
millus  is  said  to  have  conquered  the  enemy.  6.  They 
were  conquered  in  a  great  battle.  7.  The  youths  con- 
spired against  king  Porsena.  8.  Will  you  (pi.)  not 
make  peace  with  the  enemy  ?  9.  We  are  making  peace 
with  the  enemy.  10.  I  will  relate  to  you  this  fable. 
11.  The  enemy  will  lay  waste  the  fields  with  fire  and 
sword. 

1  544,  2 ;  549,  note  2.  5  272,  note  2.  9  525,  2. 

2  549,  4.  6  521,  II.  2.  10  529. 

3  500!  7  497.  »  537,  note- 

4  509.  8  501,  III. 


ROMAN   HISTORY.  65 


PERIOD  m.  —  ROMAN  TRIUMPHS. 

FROM  THE  FIRST  PUNIC  WAR  TO  THE  CONQUEST  OF  GREECE,   146  B.  C. 

First  Punic  War,  264  B.  C. 

185.  Anno  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo  post  urbem 
conditam  Romanorum  exercitus  primum  in  Siciliam  tra- 
jecerunt,1  regemque  Syracusarum  Hieronem,  Poenosque, 
qui  multas  eivitates  in  ea  insula  occupaverant,  supera- 
verunt.     Quinto  anno  hujus  belli,  quod  contra  Poenos 
gerebatur,  primum  Romani,  Caio  Duillio,  Cnaeo  Cor- 
nelio  Asma  consulibus,2  mari 3  dimicaverunt.     Duillius 
Carthaginienses  vicit,4  triginta  naves  occupavit,  quattu- 
ordScim  mersit,5  septem  millia  hostium  cepit,  tria  millia 
occidit.     Nulla  victoria  Romanis  gratior  fuit. 

First  Punic  War,  continued.  —  Invasion  of  Africa,  256  B.  C. 

186.  Paucis  annis  interjectis,   bellum    in   Africam 
est  translatum.     Hauiilcar,  Carthaginieiisium  dux,  pug- 
na  navali  superatus  est ;  nam,  perditis  sexaginta  quattuor 
navibus,  se  recepit;   Romani  viginti  duas  amiserunt. 
Quum  in  Africam  venissent,6  Poenos  in  pluribus 7  proe- 
liis  vicerunt,  magnam  vim 8  hommum  ceperunt,  septua- 
ginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem  acceperunt.     Turn  victi 
Carthaginienses  pacem  a  Romanis  petierunt.9     Quam 
quum  Marcus  Atilius  Regulus,  Romanorum  dux,  dare 
nollet11  nisi  durissimis  conditiombus,  Carthaginienses 
auxilium  petierunt  a  Lacedaemoniis.     Hi  Xanthippum 


10 


1  461,  1 ;  271,  2.  s  36,  3,  1).  9  235. 

2  431.  6  521,  II.  2.  10  453. 

3  425,  2.  7  165,  note  1.  »  521,  II.  2. 

4  271,  8  66. 


66  LATIN  HEADER. 

miserunt,  qui  Romanum  exercitum  magno  proelio  vicit. 
Regulus  ipse  captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est. 

187.  Non  tamen  ubique  fortuna  Carthaginiensibus 
favit.1     Quum  aliquot  proeliis  victi  essent,2  Regulum  ro- 
gaverunt  ut  Romam  proficisceretur,3  et  pacem  captivo- 
rumque   permutationem   a   Romanis   impetraret.      Ille 
quum  Romam  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  dixit,  se 
desiisse*  Romanum  esse  ex  ilia  die,  qua0  in  potestdtem 
Poenorum  venisset.6     Turn  Romanis  suasit,7  ne  pacem 
cum  Carthaginiensibus  facerent : 8     illos  enim  tot  casibus 
fractos  spem  nullam  nisi  in  pace  habere:9  tanti10  non 
esse,  ut  tot  millia  captivorum  propter  se  unum  et  paucos, 
qui  ex  Romanis  capti  essent,6  redderentur.11     Haec  sen- 
tentia  obtinuit.     Regressus  igitur  in  Africam  crudelissi- 
mis  suppliciis  exstinctus  est.la 

End  of  the  First  Punic  War,  241  B.  C.> 

188.  Tandem,  Caio  Lutatio  Catulo,  Aulo  Postumio 
consulibus,  anno  belli  Pumci  vicesimo  tertio  magnum 
proelium  navale  commissum  est  contra  Lilybaeum,  pro- 
montorium   Siciliae.      In   eo   proelio   septuaginta  tres 
Carthagiiiiensium  naves  captae,  centum  viginti  quinque 
demersae,13  triginta  duo  millia  hostium  capta,  tredecim 
millia  occisa  sunt.     Statim  Carthaginienses  pacem  peti- 
erunt,  eisque  pax  tributa  u  est.     CaptTvi  Romanorum, 
qui  tenebantur  a  Carthaginiensibus,  redditi  sunt.    Poeni 
Sicilia,15  Sardinia,  et  ceteris  insulis,  quae  inter  Italiam 
Africamque  jacent,  decesserunt,  omnemque  Hispaniam, 
quae  citra  Iberum  est,  Romanis  permiserunt. 


^66. 

6  524. 

11  501,  I. 

2  521,  II,  2. 

7  265. 

™  269. 

3  498,  I. 

8  498,  I. 

13  270. 

4  235. 

9  523,  I.  note. 

14  279. 

6  429. 

10  404. 

15  434,  note  1. 

ROMAN  HISTORY.  67 


Siege  of  Saguntum.  —  The  Second  Punic  War,  218  B.  C. 

189.  Paulo ]  post  PunTcum  bellum  renovatum  est 
per  Hannibalem,  Carthaginiensium  ducem,  quern  pater2 
Hamilcar   novem   annos3   natum    axis4   admoverat,   ut 
odium  perenne  in  Romanos  juraret.5     Hie  annum  agens 
vicesimum  aetatis  Saguntum,  Hispaniae  civitatem  Ro~ 
manis6  amicam,  oppugnare  aggressus  est.7     Huic  Ro- 
mani per  legatos  denuntiaverunt,  ut  bello 8  abstineret.9 
Qui  quum  legatos  admittere  nollet,10  Romani  Carthagi- 
nem   miserunt,  ut  mandaretur5  Hannibali,  ne   bellum 
contra  socios  populi  Romani  gereret.1'    Dura  responsa  a 
Carthaginiensibus  reddita.    Saguntlnis  interea  fame  vic- 
tis,  Romani  Carthaginiensibus  bellum  indixerunt. 

Hannibal  crosses  the  Alps,  218.2?.  0. — Battles  of  the  Ticlnus,  Tre- 
bia,  and  Lake  Trasimenus.  —  Battle  of  Cannae,  216  B.  C. 

190.  Hannibal,  fratre  Hasdrubale  in  Hispania  re- 
licto,12  Pyrenaeum  et  Alpes  transiit.    Traditur  in  Italiam 
octoginta  millia  peditum,  et  viginti  millia  equitum,  sep- 
tem  et  triginta  elephantos  abduxisse.     Interea  multi  Ligii- 
res  et  Galli  Hannibali  se  conjunxerunt.     Primus13  ei 

.  oceurrit  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  qui,  proelio  ad  Tici- 
num  commisso,  superatus  est,  et,  vuln^re  accepto,12  in 
castra  rediit.  Turn  Sempronius  Gracchus  conflixit  ad 
Trebiam  amnem.  Is  quoque  vincitur.14  Multi  populi 
se  Hannibali  dediderunt.  Inde  in  Etruriam  progressus 
Flaminium  consulem  ad  Trasimenum  lacum  superat.14 

1  423.  6  391.  »  498. 

2  447.  7  283.  12  431,  2,  (2). 

3  379.  8  414.  13  442,  note. 

4  386.  9  498,  I.  "  467,  III. 

5  497.  10  621,  II.  2. 


68  LATIN  READER. 

Ipse  Flaminius  interemptus,  Romanorum  viginti  quin- 
que  millia  caesa  sunt. 

191.  Quingentesfrno  duodequadragesimo   anno  post 
urbem  conditam  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus  et  Caius  Te- 
rentius  Varro  contra  Hannibalem   rnittuntur.     Quam- 
quam  intellectum   erat,  Hannibalem  non   aliter  vinci 
posse  quam  mora,  Varro  tamen,  morae l  impatiens,  apud 
vicum,   qui   Cannae   appellatur,   in   Apulia  pugnavit; 
ambo   consules   victi,  Paulus   interemptus   est.     In  ea 
pugna  consulares  aut  praetorii  viginti,  senatores  triginta 
capti  aut  occisi ; 2  militum  quadraginta  millia,  equitum 
tria  millia  et  quingenti  perierunt.     In  his  tantis  malis 
nemo    tamen    pacis    mentionem  facSre    dignatus   est. 
Servi,  quod3  nunquam  ante  factuni,2  manumissi  et  inil- 
ites  facti  sunt. 

192.  Post  earn  pugnam    multae    Italiae   civitates, 
quae  Romanis 4  paru&rant,  se  ad  Hannibalem  transtule- 
runt.5     Hannibal  Romanis  obtulit,  ut  captlvos  redime- 
rent;6  responsumque  est  a  senatu,  eos  cives  non  esse 
necessarios,   qui   armdti   capi  potuissent?      Hos   omnes 
ille  postea  variis  suppliciis  interfecit,  et  tres  rnodios  au- 
reorum  annulorum  Carthagmem   misit,  quos  mambus8 
equitum  Romanorum  et  senatorum  detraxerat.9    Interea 
in  Hispania  frater  Hannibalis,  Hasdrubal,  qui  ibi  reman- 
s^rat 10  cum  magno  exercitu,  a  duobus  Scipionibus  vin- 
citur,11   perditque   in  pugna    triginta    quinque    millia 
hommum. 

193.  In  Sicilia  res  prospere  gesta  est.12     Marcellus 
magnam  hujus  insulae  partem  cepit,  quam  Poeni  occu- 


1  399,  II. 

5  292,  2. 

9  30. 

9  368,  3. 

6  498. 

10  265. 

3  445,  7. 

7  503,  1. 

11  467,  III. 

4  385. 

8  386,  2. 

12  269. 

EOMAN  HISTORY.  69 

paverant ;  Syracusas,  nobilissfrnam  urbem,  expugnavit, 
et  ingentem  inde  praedam  Romam l  misit.  Laevmus  in 
Macedonia  cum  Philippe  et  multis  Graeciae  populis 
amicitiam  fecit;  et  in  Siciliam  profectus*  Hannonem, 
Poenorum  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  cepit ;  quadraginta 
civitates  in  deditionem  accepit,  viginti  sex  expugnavit. 
Ita  omni  Sicilia  recepta,3  cum  ingenti  gloria  Romam  re- 
gressus  est. 

194.  Interea  in   Hispaniam,  ubi   duo   Scipiones  ab 
Hasdrubale  iiiterfecti  erant,  missus  est  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio,  yir  Romanorum  omnium  fere  primus.4    Hie,  puer 
duodeviginti  annorum,  in  pugna   ad  Ticinum  patrem 
singulari  virtute  servavit.     Deinde  post  cladem  Cannen- 
sem  multos  nobilissimorum  juvenum  Italiam   deserere 
cupientium,  auctoritate  sua  ab   hoc  consilio  deterruit. 
Viginti  quattuor  annos  natus  in  Hispaniam  missus,  die,5 
qua  venit,   Carthagmem   Novam   cepit,  in   qua   omne 
aurum  et  argentum  et  belli  apparatum  Poeni  habebant, 
nobilissimos  quoque  obsides,6  quos  ab  Hispanis  accep- 
erant.     Hos  obsides  parentibus  reddidit.     Quare  omnes 
fere  Hispaniae  civitates  ad  eum  uno  ammo 7  transierunt. 

195.  Anno  quarto  decimo  postquam  in  Italiam  Han- 
nibal venerat,  Scipio  consul  creatus,  et  in  Africam  mis- 
sus est.     Ibi  contra  Hannonem,  ducem  Carthaginien- 
sium,  prospere  pugnat,  totumque  ejus  exercitum  delet.8 
Secundo   proelio  uiidecim   millia  hommum  occldit,  et 
castra  cepit  cum  quattuor  millibus  et  quingentis  milit- 
ibus.     Qua9  re  audita,3  omnis  fere  Italia  Hannibalem 
deserit.     Ipse  a  Carthaginiensibus   in   Africam  redire 
jubetur.     Ita  Italia  liberata  est. 


^so. 

4  166. 

7  419,  III. 

2  283. 

6  429. 

8  261. 

3  431,  2,  (2). 

6  81,  2. 

9  453. 

70  LATIN  HEADER. 

Battle  ofZama,  202  B.  C. 

196.  Post  plures  pugnas  et  pacem  plus  semel  frustra 
tentatam,  pugna  ad  Zamam  committitur,  in  qua  peritis- 
simi  duces  copias  suas  ad  bellum  educebant.     Scipio 
victor  recedit ;  Hannibal  cum  paucis  equitibus  evadit. 
Post  hoc  proelium  pax  cum  Carthaginiensibus  facta  est. 
Scipio,  quum  Romam  rediisset,1  ingenti  gloria  triumpha- 
vit,  atque  Africanus  appellatus  est.     Sic  finem  accepit 
secundum  Punicum  bellum  post  annum  undevicesimum 
quam2  coeperat. 

War  with  Philip.  —  Cynoscephalae,  197  B.  C. 

197.  Finlto  Punico  bello,  secutum  est  Macedomcum 
contra   Philippum   regem.     Superatus  est  rex  a  Tito 
Quinctio  Flaminio  apud  Cynoscephalas,  paxque  ei  data 
est. 

War  with  Perseus.  —  Pydna,  168  B.  C. 

198.  Philippo,  rege  Macedoniae,  mortuo,  filius  ejus 
Perseus  rebellavit,  ingentibus  copiis  paratis.     Dux  Ro- 
manorum,   Publius   Licinius   consul,  contra   eum  mis- 
sus, gravi  proelio  a  rege  victus  est.     Rex  tamen  pacem 
petebat.     Cui3  Romani  earn  praestare  noluerunt,  nisi 
his  conditiombus,  ut  se  et  suos  Romanis  dederet.4    Mox 
Aemilius  Paulus  consul  regem  ad  Pydnam  super avit,  et 
viginti  millia  peditum  ejus  occldit.     Equitatus  cum  rege 
fugit.     Urbes  Macedoniae   omnes,  quas   rex   tenuerat, 
Romanis  se  dediderunt.     Ipse  Perseus  ab  amicis  desertus 
in  Pauli  potestatem  venit.     Hie,  multis  etiam  aliis  rebus 
gestis,5  cum  ingenti  pompa  Romam  rediit  in  nave  Persei, 
inusitatae  magnitudmis;6  nam  sedecim  remorum  ordmes 

1 621,  II.  2.  3453.  5431,  2,  (2). 

2  430,  note  1.  4  501,  III.  6  396,  V. 


ROMAN  HISTORY.  71 

habuisse  dicitur.  Triumphavit  magnificentissime l  in 
curru  aureo,  duobus  filiis  utroque  latere2  adstantibus. 
Ante  currum  inter  captivos  duo  regis  filii  et  ipse  Per- 
seus ducti  sunt. 

Tliird  Punic  War,  149  B.  C. 

199.  Tertium  deinde  bellum  contra  Carthaginem 
susceptum  est.  Lucius  Marcius  Censormus  et  Manius 
Manlius  consoles  in  Africam  trajecerunt,  et  oppugnave- 
runt  Carthaginem.  Postea  Scipio,  Scipionis  Africani 
nepos,  consul  est  creatus,  et  contra  Carthaginem  missus. 
Is  hanc  urbem  cepit  ac  diruit.  Ingens  ibi  praeda  facta, 
plurimaque  inveiita  sunt,  quae  multarum  civitatum  ex* 
cidiis  Carthago  collegerat.  Haec  omnia  Scipio  civitati- 
bus  Italiae,  Siciliae,  Africae  reddidit,  quae  sua  recog- 
noscebant.  Ita  Carthago  septingentesimo  anno,  post- 
quam  condita  erat,  deleta  est.  Scipio  nomen  Africani 
junioris3  accepit. 

200.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 

1.  Who  took  New  Carthage?  2.  Publius  Scipio  is 
said  to  have  taken  that  city.  3.  Peace  will  be  tried  in 
vain.  4.  We  will  try  peace  once.  5.  They  called  the 
village  Cannae.  6.  Many  states  of  Italy  were  formerly 
subject  to  the  Romans.  7.  Saguntum  was  friendly  to 
the  Romans.  8.  The  Romans  conquered  the  Cartha- 
ginians in  (by)  a  naval  battle.  9.  This  victory  was 
most  acceptable  to  the  soldiers.  10.  Victory  is  always 
acceptable  to  soldiers.  11.  Have  you  seen  Rome  ? 
12.  I  have  often  seen  that  beautiful  city.  13.  We 
have  often  seen  Rome,  the  city  of  kings.  14.  The 
consul  returned  to  Rome. 

1  306 ;  164.  2  425,  1.  3  168,  4. 


72  LATIN  HEADER. 


PERIOD   IV.  —  CIVIL  DISSENSIONS. 

FROM  THE  CONQUEST     OF    GREECE    TO    THE    DISSOLUTION    OF  THE  ROMAN 
COMMONWEALTH,  31  B.  C. 

Numantia  taken,  133  J9.  C. 

201.  Deinde  bellum  exortum  est  cum  Numantmis, 
civitate  Hispaniae.     Victus 1  ab  his  Quintus  Pompeius, 
et  post  eum  Caius  Hostilius  Mancmus  consul,  qui  pacem 
cum  iis  fecit  infamem,  quam  populus  et  senatus  jussit2 
infringi,  atque  ipsum  Mancmum  hostibus  tradi.     Turn 
Publius  Scipio  Africanus  in  Hispaniani  missus  est.     Is 
primum  milTtern  ignavum  et  corruptum  correxit ; 3  turn 
multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partim  bello  cepit,  partim  in 
deditionem  accepit.     Postremo  ipsam  Numantiam  fame 
ad  deditionem  coegit,  urbemque  evertit ;  reliquam  *  pro- 
vinciam  in  fidem  accepit. 

Mithridatic  War.  —  First  Civil  War.  —  Marius,  Sulla,  88  B.  C. 

202.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  sexagesimo 
sexto  primum  Romae  bellum  civile  exortum  est ;  eodem 
anno  etiam  Mithridaticum.     Causam  bello  civili  Caius 
Marius  dedit.     Nam  quum  Sullae  bellum  adversus  Mith- 
ridatem,  regem  Ponti,  decretum  esset,5  Marius  ei 6  hunc 
honorem  eripere  conatus  est.     Sed  Sulla,  qui  adhuc  cum 
legiombus  suis  in  Italia  morabatur,7  cum  exercitu  Romam 
venit,  et  adversaries  quum 8  interf ecit,  turn  f  ugavit.  Turn 
rebus  Romae  utcunque  compositis,  in  Asiam  profectus 
est,  pluribusque  proeliis  Mithridatem  coegit,  ut  pacem  a 

1  368,  3.  4  440,  2,  note  1.  7  468. 

2  463,  3.  6  521,  II.  2.  8  554,  I.  5. 

3  221,  I.  6  386,  2. 


KOMAN  HISTORY.  73 

Romania  peteret,1  et  Asia,  quam  invaserat,  relict  a,  regni 
sui  finibus2  contentus  esset. 

Civil  War,  continued. 

203.  Sed  dum  Sulla  in  Graecia  et  Asia  Mithridatem 
vincit,3  Marias,  qui  fugatus  fugrat,  et  Cornelius  Cinna, 
unus  ex  consulibus,4  bellum  in  Italia  repararunt,5  et  in- 
gressi  Romam  nobilissimos  ex  senatu  et  consulates  viros 
interfecerunt;  multos  proscripserunt;  ipsius  Sullaedomo 
eversa,  filios  et  uxorem  ad  fugani  compulerunt.6     Uni- 
versus  reliquus  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens  ad  Sullam  in 
Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subvemret.1     Sulla  in 
Italiam   trajecit,   hostium   exercitus   vicit,7  mox   etiam 
urbem  ingressus  est,  quam  caede8  et  sanguine  civium 
replevit.     Quattuor  millia  inermium,9  qui  se  dediderant, 
interfici  jussit;  duo  millia  equitum  et  senator um  pro- 
scripsit.10     Turn  de  Mithridate  triumphavit.     Duo  haec 
bella  funestissirna,  Italicum,  quod  et  sociale  dictum  est, 
et  civile,  ultra  centum  et  quinquaginta  millia  hommum, 
viros  consulates  viginti  quattuor,  praetorios  septem,  aedi- 
litios  sexaginta,  senatores  fere  ducentos  consumpserunt.11 

War  of  the  Gladiators.  —  Spartacus,  73  B.  0. 

204.  Anno   urbis    sexcentesimo   octogesimo   primo 
novum  in  Italia  bellum  commotum  M  est.     Septuaginta 
enim  quattuor  gladiatores,  ducibus ls  Spartaco,  Crixo,  et 
Oenomao,  e  ludo  gladiatorio,  qui  Capuae  M  erat,  effuge- 
nmt,  et  per  Italiam  vagantes  paene  non  levius  bellum, 

1  498,  I.  6  272.  »  34,  1,  note. 

2  421,  III.  7271.  12266. 

3  467,  4.  8  421,  note  1.  13  431. 

4  397,  note  3.  9  441.  14  425,  II. 

5  235.  10  33,  1. 


74  LATIN  READER. 

quam  Hannibal,  moverunt.1  Nam  contraxerunt 2  exer- 
citum  fere  sexaginta  millium  armatorum,  multosque 
duces  et  duos  Romanos  eonsules  vicerunt.  Ipsi  victi 
sunt  in  Apulia  a  Marco  Licinio  Crasso  proconsule,  et, 
post  multas  calamitates  Italiae,  tertio  anno 3  huic  bello 
finis  est  impositus. 

Pompey  puts  down  the  Pirates,  67  B.  C.  —  Is  appointed  Successor  to 
Lucullus.  —  Death  of  Mithridates,  63  B.  C. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempora  piratae  omnia  maria  infesta- 
bant  ita,  ut  Romanis,4  toto  orbe 5  terrarum  victoribus, 
sola  navigatio  tuta  non  esset.6     Quare  id  bellum  Cnaeo 
Pompeio  decretum  est,  quod  intra  paucos  menses  incre- 
dibili  felicitate  et  celeritate  confecit.     Mox  ei  delatum T 
bellum  contra  regem  Mithridatem  et  Tigranem.     Quo 8 
suscepto,   Mithridatem   in  Armenia   Minore   nocturno 
proelio  vicit,  castra  diripuit,  et  quadraginta  millibus  ejus 
occisis,  viginti  tantum  de  exercitu  suo  perdidit  et  duos 
centuriones.     Mithridates  fugit9  cum  uxore  et  duobus 
comitibus,10  neque11  multo  post,  Pharnacis  filii  sui  se- 
ditione  coactus,12  venenum  hausit.13     Hunc  yitae  finem 
habuit  Mithridates,  vir  ingentis  industriae  atque  consilii. 
Regnavit  annis14  sexaginta,  vixit  septuaginta  duobus; 
contra  Romanos  bellum  habuit  annis  quadraginta. 

Victories  of  Pompey  over  Tigranes :  Tie  takes  Jerusalem,  63  B.  C. 

206.  Tigrani  deinde  Pompeius  bellum  iiitulit.     Ille 
se  ei  dedidit,  et  in  castra  Pompeii  venit,  ac  diadema 


^GG. 

6  500. 

11  554,  I.  2. 

2  269. 

7  292,  2;  368,  3. 

12  271,  2. 

3  429. 

8  453;  431,  2,  (2). 

13  286. 

4  391. 

9  271,  2. 

14  379,  1. 

6  425,  2. 

10  81. 

EOMAN   HISTORY.  75 

suum  in  ejus  mambus  collocavit,  quod  ei  Pompeius  re- 
posuit.  Parte1  regni  eum  multavit  et  grand!  pecunia. 
Turn  alios  etiam  reges  et  populos  super  avit.  Armenian) 
Minorem  Deiotaro,2  Galatiae  regi,  donavit,  quia  auxilium 
contra  Mithridatem  tulerat.  Seleuciam,  vicinam  Antio- 
ehiae 3  civitatem,  libertate 2  donavit,  quod  regem  Tigra- 
nem  non  recepisset.4  Inde  in  Judaeam  transgressus, 
Hierosolymam,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit,  duoclc- 
cim  millibus  Judaeorum  occisis,  ceteris  in  fidem  receptis. 
His5  gestis  finem  antiquissimo  bello  imposuit.  Ante 
triumphantis  currum  ducti  sunt  filii  Mithridatis,  films 
Tigranis,  et  Aristobulus,  rex  Judaeorum.  Praelata  in- 
gens  pecunia,  auri  atque  argenti  infimtum  pondus.  Hoc 
tempore  nullum  per  orbem  terrarum  grave  bellum  erat. 

Catiline's  Conspiracy,  63  B.  C. 

207.  Marco  Tullio  Cicerone 6  oratore  et  Caio  Anto- 
nio consulibus,  anno  ab  urbe  condita7  sexcentesimo  nona- 
gesimo  primo  Lucius  Sergius  Catilma,  nobilissimi  generis 
vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissimi,  ad  delendam8  patriam  conju- 
ravit  cum  quibusdam  claris  quidem,  sed  audacibus  viris. 
A  Cicerone  urbe  °  expulsus  est,  socii  ejus  deprehensi  et 
in  carcere  strangulati  sunt.    Ab  Antonio,  altero  consule, 
Catilma  ipse  proelio  victus  est  et  interfectus. 

Caesar  Consul,  59  B.  C. :  in  Gaul,  58  B.  C. 

208.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo 
quinto  Caius  Julius  Caesar  cum  Lucio  Bibulo  consul  est 
factus.    Quum  ei  Gallia  decreta  esset,10  semper  vincendo ll 


1  413,  note  1 

5  420. 

9  413. 

2  384,  1. 

6  431. 

10  521,  II.  2. 

3  301. 

7  549,  note  2. 

11  542,  IV. 

4  51G,  II. 

8  544,  note  2. 

76  LATIN  BEADER. 

usque  ad  OceSnum  Britanmcum  processit.1  Domuit* 
autem  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter 
Alpes,  flumen  Rhod&num,  Rhenum  et  Oceanum  est. 
Britannis  mox  bellum  intulit,3  quibus4  ante  eum  ne 
nomen  quidem  Romanorum  cogmtum5  erat;  Germa- 
nos  quoque  trans  Rhenum  aggress  us,  ingentibus  proeliis 
vicit. 

Civil  War  of  Pompey  and  Caesar,  49  B.  C. 

209.  Bellum  civile  successit,1  quo  Romani  nommis 
fortiina  mutata  est.     Caesar  enim  victor  e  Gallia  rediens, 
absens  coepit  poscere  alterum  consulatum ;  quern 6  quum 
multi   sine   dubitatione   deferrent,7  contradictum  est  a 
Pompeio  et  aliis,  jussusque  est,  dimissis  exercitibus,  in 
urbem  redlre.     Propter  hane  injuriam  ab  Arimmo,  ubi 
milites  congregates 8  habebat,  infesto  exercitu9  Romam 
contendit.     Consules  cum  Pompeio,  senatusque  omnis 
atque  uni versa  nobilitas  ex  urbe  fugit,10  et  in  Graeciam 
transiit ;  et,  dum  senatus  bellum  contra  Caesarem  para- 
bat,  hie  vacuam  urbem  ingressus  dictatorem  se  fecit. 

Defeat  of  Pompey 's  Party  in  Spain.  —  Battle  of  Pliarsalia,  48  B.  C. 
Death  of  Pompey. 

210.  Inde  Hispanias  petiit,11  ibique  Pompeii  legiones 
superavit ;  turn  in  Graecia  adversum  Pompeium  ipsum 
dimicavit.     Primo  proelio  victus  est  et  fugatus;  evasit12 
tamen,  quia,  nocte  interveniente,  Pompeius  sequi  nolu- 
it ; 13  dixitque   Caesar,  nee  Pompeium  scire  vincere,  et 
illo  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superari.     Deinde  in  Thes- 
salia  apud  Pharsalum  ingentibus  utrimque  copiis 14  com- 

1  34,  1.  6  453.  "  235. 

2  258.  7  521,  II.  2.  12  270. 

3  292,  2.  8  388,  1,  note.  13  293. 

4  391.  9  419,  1,1).  14420. 

5  548.  10  463,  I. 


ROMAN   HISTOBY.  77 

missis  dimicaverunt.  Nunquam  adhuc  Romanae  copiae 
majores  neque  melioribus  ducibus 1  convenerant.  Pug- 
natum  est2  ingenti  contentione,3  victusque  ad  postremum 
Pompeius,  et  castra  ejus  direpta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandriam  petiit,  lit  a  rege  Aegypti,  cui  tutor4  a  se- 
natu  datus  fuerat,  acciperet 5  auxilia.  At  hie  fortiinain 
magis  quam  amicitiam  secutus,6  occidit  Pompeium,  caput 
ejus  et  annulum  Caesari  misit.  Quo 7  eonspecto,  Caesar 
lacrimas  fudisse8  dicitur,  tanti  viri  intuens  caput,  et  gen- 
&ri  quondam 9  sui. 

Caesar  assassinated  in  tlie  Senate-House,  44  B.  C. 

211.  Quum  ad  Alexandriam  venisset  Caesar,  Ptole- 
maeus  ei  insidias  parare  yoluit,  qua  de  causa  regi  bellum 
illatum 10  est.  Rex  victus  in  Nilo  periit,  inventumque 
est  corpus  ejus  cum  lorica  aurea.  Caesar,  Alexandria11 
potitus,  regnum  Cleopatrae  dedit.12  Turn  inde  profec- 
tus6  Pompeianarum  partium  reliquias  est  persecutus, 
bellisque 13  civilibus  toto  terrarum  orbe  "  compositis,  Ro- 
mam  rediit.  Ubi  quum  insolentius 15  agere  coepisset,16 
conjuratum  est  in  eum  a  sexaginta  vel  amplius  senatori- 
bus  equitibusque  Romanis.  Praecipui  'fuerunt  inter 
conjuratos  "  Bruti  duo  ex  genere  illms  Bruti,  qui,  regi- 
bus  expulsis,  primus  Romae  consul  fuerat.  Ergo  Caesar, 
quum  in  curiam  venisset,  viginti  tribus  vulneribus  con- 
fossus  eBt. 


1  419,  1,  1). 

7  453;  431,  2,  (2). 

13  431,  2,  (2). 

2  301,  1. 

8  272,  2. 

14  425,  2. 

3  419,  III. 

9  443,  note  3. 

15  444,  1. 

4  362. 

10  292,  2. 

16  297. 

6  497. 

11  421. 

17  548. 

6  283. 

12  259. 

78  LATIN  HEADER. 


The  Second  Triumvirate,  Octavius,  Antony,  and  Lepidus,  43  B.  C.  — 
Death  of  Cicero. 

212.  Interfecto  Caesare,  anno  urbis  septingentesimo 
decimo   bella   ci villa  reparata   sunt.     Senatus  favebat 
Caesa'ris  percussoribus,1  Antoiiius  consul  a  Caesaris  par- 
tibus  stabat.     Ergo  turbata  re  publica,  Antonius,  multis 
sceleribus   commissis,  a   senatu  hostis2  judicatus   est. 

~Fusus  fugatusque  Antonius,  amisso  exercitu,  confugit  ad 
LepTdum,  qui  Caesari 3  magister  equitum  f uerat,  et  turn 
grandes  copias  militum  habebat;  a  quo  susceptus  est. 
Mox  Octavianus  cum  Antonio  pacem  fecit,  et  quasi  vin- 
dicaturus  patris  sui  mortem,  a  quo  per  testamentum 
fuerat  adoptatus,  Romam  cum  exercitu  profectus  extor- 
sit,4  ut  sibi,  juveni  viginti  annorurn,  consulatus  daretur.5 
Turn  junctus  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido  rem  publicam  ar- 
niis  tenere  coepit,  senaturnque  proscripsit.  Per  hos  etiani 
Cicero  orator  occlsus  est,  multique  alii  nobiles.6 

Battle  ofPhilippi,  42  B.  C.  — Battle  of  Actium,  31  B.  C. 

213.  Interea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectores  Caesa- 
ris,  ingens  bellum   moverunt.7      Profecti8   contra   eos 
Caesar  Octavianus,  qui  postea  Augustus  est  appellatus, 
et  Marcus  Antonius,  apud  Pliilippos,  Macedoniae  urbem, 
contra  eos  pugnaverunt.9     Primo  proelio  victi  sunt  An- 
tonius et  Caesar ;  periit 10  tamen  dux  nobilitatis  Cassius ; 
secundo  Brutum  et  infinitam  nobilitatem,  quae  cum  illis 
bellum   susceperat,  victam11  interfecerunt.     Turn   vic- 
tores  rem  publicam  ita  inter  se  diviserunt,12  ut  Octavia- 

1  385.  5  498,  II.  9  463,  II. 

2  362.  6  368,  3.  10  295,  3. 

3  390,  note  2.  7  266.  »  549,  5. 

4  262,  note  1.  8  439.  12  270. 


EOMAN  HISTOEY.  79 

nus  Caesar  Hispanias,  Gallias,  Italiam  teneret : 1  Anto- 
nius  Orientem,  Lepidus  Africam  acciperet.  Paulo 2  post 
Antonius,  repudiata  sorore  Caesaris  Octaviani,  Cleopa- 
tram,  regmam  Aegypti,  uxorem  duxit.  Ab  hac  incita- 
tus  ingens  bellum  commovit,  dum  Cleopatra  cupiditate 
inuliebri  optat  Romae  regnare.  Victus  est  ab  Augusto 
navali  pugna  clara  et  illustri  apud  Actium,  qui 3  locus  in 
Eplro  est.  Hinc  f ugit  in  Aegyptum,  et,  desperatis  re- 
bus, quum  omnes  ad  Augustum  translrent,4  se  ipse  in- 
teremit.6  Cleopatra  quoque  aspidem  sibi  admisit,  et  ve- 
neno  ejus  exstincta 6  est.  Ita  bellis  toto  orbe 7  confectis, 
Octavianus  Augustus  Romam  rediit  anno  duodecimo 
postquam  consul  fuerat.  Ex  eo  inde  tempore  rein  pub- 
licam  per  quadraginta  et  quattuor  annos  solus  obtinu.it. 
Ante  enim  duodecim  annis 8  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido  te- 
nuerat.  Ita  ab  initio  principatus  ejus  usque  ad  finem 
quinquaginta  sex  anni  fuere. 


214.    EXEECISE  IN  WEITIXG  LATIN. 

1.  Will  you  not  come  to  the  relief  of  your  country  ? 

2.  We  ask  you  to  come  to  the  relief  of  your  country. 

3.  He  says  that  he  will  come  to  the  relief  of  his  country. 

4.  By  whom  was  Mithridates  conquered?     5.  He  was 
conquered  in  many  battles  by  Sulla.     6.  He  was  con- 
quered in  Greece.     7.  This  school  was  at  Capua.     8. 
Cleopatra  was  queen  of  Egypt.     9.  The  soldiers  will 
divide  the  booty  among  themselves.     10.  Ptolemy,  king 
of  Egypt,  was  conquered  by  Caesar.     11.  The  king's 
golden  coat  of  mail  was  found  in  the  Nile. 

1  500.  4  521,  II.  2.  7  425,  2. 

^  423.  6  271,  2.  8379,  1. 

3  445,  8.  6  269. 


GRECIAN    HISTORY. 


NOTE.  —  It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Grecian  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  Irregular  Verbs  and  to  Indirect  Discourse. — 
289-296;  528-533. 


PERIOD  I.  —  GRECIAN  TRIUMPHS. 

FROM  THE  PERSIAN  INVASION,  490  B.  C.,  TO  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR,  431  B.  C. 

Darius  invades  Scytliia :  prepares  to  invade  Greece. 

215.  Multis  in  Asia  feliciter  gestis,  Darius  Scythis 
bellum  intulit,1  et  armatis  septingentis  inillibus 2  liomi- 
num  Scythiam 3  ingressus,  quum  hostes  ei  pugnae  potes- 
tatem  non  facerent,4  metuens,  ne,  interrupto  ponte  Istri, 
reditus  sibi  mtercluderetur,5  amissis  octogiiita  millibus 
hominum,  trepidus  refugit.     Inde  Macedoniam  domuit  : 
et  quum   ex   Europa  in   Asiam   rediisset,6  hortantibus 
amlcis  ut  Graeciam  redigeret 7  in  suam  potestatem,  clas- 
sem  quingentarum  navium  comparavit,  eique   Datim8 
praefecit   et   Artaphernen ; 9   hisque   duceuta  peditum 
millia,  et  decern  equitum  dedit. 

Battle  of  Marathon,  490  B.  C. 

216.  Praefecti  regii,   classe   ad   Euboeam   appulsa, 
celeriter  Eretriam  ceperunt.     Inde  ad  Atticam  accesse- 
runt,  ac  suas  copias  in  Campum  Marathona  deduxerunt. 

1  292,  2.  4  521,  II.  2.  7  498,  I. 

2419,1,1).  6  498,  III.  862,  II.  2. 

3  372.  6  295,  3.  e  68. 


GKEOTAN   HISTORY.  81 

Is  abest  ab  oppido  circiter  millia  passuum  decem.  Hoc 
in  tempore  nulla  civitas  Atheniensibus1  auxilio  fuit, 
praeter  Plataeenses;  ea  inille2  misit  militum.  Itaque 
horum  adventu  decem  millia  armatorum  completa  sunt : 
quae3  maims  mirabili  flagrabat  pugnandi  cupiditate. 
Athenienses  copias  ex  urbe  eduxerunt,  locoque4  idoneo 
castra  fecerunt;  deinde  postero  die  sub  mentis  radicibus 
proelium  commiserunt.  Datis  etsi  non  aequum  locum 
videbat  suis,  tamen,  fretus  numero 5  copiarum  suarum, 
confligere  cupiebat.  Itaque  in  aciem  peditum  centum, 
equitum  decem  millia  produxit,  proeliumque  commisit. 
In  quo  tanto5  plus  yirtute  valuerunt  Athenienses,  ut 
decemplicem  numerum  hostium  profligarint ; 7  adeoque 
perterruerunt,  ut  Persae  non  castra,  sed  naves  petierint. 
Qua  pugna  nihil  est  nobilius ;  nulla  enini  unquani  tarn 
exigua  manus  tantas  opes  prostravit. 

Xerxes  invades  Greece,  480  B.  C. 

217.  Quum  Darius,  bellum  instauraturus,  in  ipso 
apparatu  decessisset,8  filius  ejus  Xerxes  Europam 9  cum 
tantis  copiis  invasit,  quantas  neque  antea  neque  postea 
habuit  quisquam :  hujus  enim  classis  mille  et  ducenta- 
rum  navium 10  longarum  fuit,  quam  duo  millia  oneraria- 
rum  sequebantur :  terrestres  autem  exercitus  septingen- 
torum  millium  peditum,  equitum  quadringentorum 
millium  fuerunt.  Cujus11  de  adventu  quum  fama  in 
Graeciam  esset  perlata,  et  maxime  Athenienses  peti 
dicerentur,12  propter  pugnam  Marathoniam,  miserunt 
Delphos  consultum,13  quidnam  facerent M  de  rebus  suis. 


1  390. 

6  423. 

11  453. 

2  178. 

7  235;  495,  VI. 

12  534,  1,  note  1. 

3  445,  8. 

8  521,  II.  2. 

13  546. 

4  425,  2. 

9  372. 

14  529. 

6  425,  1,  note. 

M  401. 

82  LATIN  READER. 

Deliberantibus  Pythia  respondit,  lit  moenibus  ligneis 
se  munirent.1  Id  responsum  quo  valeret,  quum  intellige- 
ret  nemo,  Themistocles  persuasit,  consilium  esse  Apol- 
Imis,  ut  in  naves  se  suaque  conferrent : 2  eum  enim  a  deo 
significari  murum  ligneum.  Tali  consilio  probato,  ad- 
dunt  ad  superiores  totidem  naves  triremes :  suaque  om- 
nia,  quae  moveri  poterant,  partim  Salamina,3  partim 
Troezena,  deportant ;  arcem  sacerdotibus  paucisque  ma- 
joribus  natu 4  ac  sacra  procuranda 5  tradunt ;  reliquum 
oppidum  relinquunt. 

Actions  at  Thermopylae  and  Artemisium,  480  B.  0. 

218.  Hujus  consilium  plerisque  civitatibus  displice- 
bat,  et  in  terra  dimicari 6  magis  placebat.  Itaque  missi 
sunt  delecti7  cum  Leomda,  Lacedaemoniorum  rege,  qui 
Thermopylas  occuparent,8  longiusque  barbaros  progredi 
non  paterentur.  Hi  vim9  hostium  non  sustinuerunt, 
eoque  loco  omnes  interierunt.10  At  classis  commiinis 
Graeciae  trecentarum  navium,11  in  qua  ducentae  erant 
Atheniensium,  primum  apud  Artemisium,  inter  Euboe- 
am  continentemque  terrain,  cum  classiariis  regiis  con- 
flixit:12  angustias  enim  ThemistScles  quaerebat,  ne  mul~ 
tituclme  circumiretur.13  Hinc  etsi  pari  proelio  H  disces- 
serant,  tameii  eodem  loco  non  sunt  ausi 15  mariere,  quod 
erat  periculum,  ne,  si  pars  navium  adversariorum  Eu- 
boeam  superasset,10  ancipiti  prernerentur 17  periculo.  Quo 
factum  est,  ut  ab  Artemisio  discederent,18  et  exadversum 
Athenas,  apud  Salamma,  classem  suam  constituerent. 

1  498,  I.  7  548.  "  497. 

2  501,  III.  *  497,  I.  14  419,  III. 

3  68.  9  G6.  l6  268,  3. 

4  424.  10  295,  3.  16  509. 

5  549,  3.  "  398,  2.  17  498,  III. 

6  538.  1230.  18  501,  I.I. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  83 

Battle  of  Salamis,  480  B.  0. 

219.  At  Xerxes,  Thermopylis  expugnatis,  protinus 
accessit  astu,1  idque,  nullis   defendentibus,  interfectis 
sacerdotibus,  quos  in  arce  invenerat,  iiicendio  delevit. 
Cujus  fama  perterriti  classiarii  quum  manere  non  aude- 
rent,  et  plurimi2  hortarentur,  ut  domos  suas  quisque 
discedSrent,3  moenibusque  se  defend&rent ;  Themistocles 
unus  restitit,  et  universes  pares  hostibus  esse  posse4  aie- 
bat,5  disperses  testabatur  perituros,  idque  Eurybiadi,  regi 
Lacedaemoniorum,.  qui  turn  summae 6  imperii  prae^rat, 
fore 7  affirmabat.     Quem  quum  minus,  quam  vellet,8  mo- 
veret,9  noctu  de  servis  suis,  quern  habuit  fidelissimum,10 
ad  regem  misit,  ut  ei  nuntiaret  suis  verbis :  adversaries 
ejus  in  fugd    esse,  qui11   si   discessissent™  majore   cum 
labore,   et    longinquiore    tempore    bellum    confecturum™ 
quum   singulos  consectdri  cogeretur ;  quos  si  statim   ag- 
grederetur,  brevi  universes  oppressurum.     Hoc  eo  vale- 
bat,  ut  ingratiis  ad  depugnandum  omnes  cogerentur." 
Hac  re  audlta,  barbarus,  nihil  doli  subesse  credeiis,  pos- 
tridie,  alienissinio  sibi 15  loco,  contra  opportuiiissiino  hos- 
tibus, adeo  angusto  niari16  conflixit,  ut  ejus  multitude 
naviuni  explicari  non  potugrit.17     Victus  ergo  est  rnagis 
consilio  ThemistSclis,  quam  armis  Graeciae. 

Xerxes  flees  lack  into  Asia. 

220.  Hie  etsi  male  rem  gesserat,  tamen  tantas  habe- 
bat  reliquias   copiarum,   ut   etiamtum   his18  opprimere 


1  128  ;  372. 

7  297,  III.  2. 

13  534,  note. 

2  1G5;  441. 

8  529,  II. 

14  501. 

3  498,  I.  ;  461,  3. 

9  521,  II.  2. 

15  391. 

4  290. 

10  453,  5. 

16  425,  2. 

5  297,  II.  1. 

11  453. 

17  495,  VI. 

6  386. 

12  509. 

18  420. 

84  LATIN   READER. 

posset  hostes ;  sed  Themistocles  certiorem  eum  fecit,  id 
agi,1  ut  pons,2  quern  ille  in  Hellesponto  fecerat,  dissolve- 
retur.3  It&que  in  Asiam  reversus  est,  seque  a  Themis- 
tocle  non  superatuin,4  sed  conservatum  judicavit. 

221.    EXERCISE  IK   WRITING   LATIN. 

1.  Caesar  waged  war  against  the  Gauls.  2.  They 
say  that  Caesar  waged  war  against  the  Gauls.  3.  They 
said  that  Caesar  was  waging  war  against  the  Gauls. 
4.  Leonidas  was  king  of  the  Lacedaemonians.  5.  You 
know  that  Leonidas  was  king  of  the  Lacedaemonians. 
6.  The  Lacedaemonians  sent  their  king  Leonidas  to 
occupy  Thermopylae.  7.  The  enemy  were  so  terrified 
that  they  fled.  8.  You  will  say  that  the  enemy  were 
so  terrified  that  they  fled.  9.  Were  they  able  to  renew 
the  war?  10.  We  do  not  know  whether  they  were 
able  to  renew  the  war.  11.  We  did  not  know  whether 
they  were  able  to  renew  the  war.  12.  Do  you  (pi.)  not 
approve  my  plan  ?  13.  We  approve  it.  14.  It  will  be 
approved  by  all. 


PERIOD   II.  —  CIVIL  WARS   IN  GREECE. 

FROM  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR  TO  THE  ACCESSION    OF    PHILIP  OF  MACE- 
DON,   360  B.  C. 

The  Peloponnesian  War,  431  B.  C.  — Pericles. 

222.  Hoc  ftfellum,  quo 5  nullum  aliud  florentes  Grae- 
ciae  res  gravius  afflixit,  saepe  susceptum  et  depositum 
est.  Initio  Spartani  fines  Atticae  populabantur,  hostes- 
que  ad  proelium  provocabant.  Sed  Athenienses,  Periclis 
consilio,6  ultionis  tempus  exspectantes  intra  moenia  se 

'535,  I.  3.  a  501,  III.  5417. 

2  110,  1.  4  534,  note.  6  416. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  85 

continebant.  Deinde,  panels  diebus  interjectis,  naves 
conscendunt,  et,  nihil  sentientibus  Lacedaemoniis,  totam 
Laconiam  depraedantur.  Clara  quidem  haec  Pencils 
expeditio  est  habita;  sed  multo  clarior  privati  patrimonii 
eontemptus  fuit.  Nam  in  populatione  ceterorum  agro- 
rum,  Periclis  agros  hostes  intactos  reliquSrant,  ut  aut  in- 
vidiam  el  apud  elves  coneitarent,1  aut  in  proditionis 
suspicionern  adducSrent.  Quod  intelligens,  Pericles 
agros  rei  publicae  dono  dedit.  Post  haec  aliquot  diebus 
interjectis,  navali  proelio  dimicatum  est.2  Victi  Lace- 
daemonii  fugerunt.  Post  plures 3  anrios,  fessi  malis,  pa- 
cem  in  annos  quinquaginta  fecere,  quam  sex  annos4  ser- 
vaverunt. 


Expedition  of  the  Athenians  against  Sicily,  415  B.  C. 

223.  Bello  inter  Catinienses  et  Syracusanos  exorto,5 
Athenienses  Catiniensibus  opem  ferunt.8  Classis  ingens 
decermtur ;  creantur  duces  Nicias,  Alcibiades  et  Lama- 
chus;  tantaeque  vires  in  Siciliam  effusae  sunt,  ut  iis 
ipsis  terror!7  essent,  quibus  auxilio  venerant.  Nicias  et 
Lamachus  duo  proelia  pedestria  secundo  Marte8  png- 
nant ;  munitionib usque  urbi  Syracusarum 9  circumdatis, 
incolas  etiam  marmis  commeatibus 10  intercludunt.  Qui- 
bus rebus  f racti u  Syracusani,  auxilium  a  Lacedaemoniis 
petiverunt.12  Ab  his  mittitur  Gylippus,  qui  auxiliis 
partim  in  Graecia,  partim  in  Sicilia  contractis,  oppor- 
tuna  bello  loca  u  occupat.  Duobus  deinde  proeliis  vic- 

»497.  6292;  467,  III.  10  384,  1. 

2  301,  L  7390.  ll  271,  2. 

3  165,  note  1.  8  419,  III.  12  278. 
*  379.  9  396,  VI.  u  141. 
8  288,  2. 


86  LATIN  READER. 

tus,  tertio  hostes  in  fugam  conjecit,  sociosque  obsidione l 
liberavit.  In  eo  proelio  Lainachus  fortiter  pugnaiis  oc- 
clsus  est. 

Successes  of  Alcibiades  against  the  Lacedaemonians. 

224.  Alcibiades  sumnia  cura 2  classem  instruit,  atque 
in  bellum  adversus  Lacedaemonios  perrexit.     Hac  expe- 
ditione  tanta  subito  rerum  commutatio  facta  est,3  ut  Lace- 
daemonii,  qui  paulo  ante  victores  vigueraiit,  perterriti 
pacem  peterent ; 4  victi  enim  erant  quinque  terrestribus 
proeliis,  tribus  navalibus,  in  quibus  treceiitas  triremes 
amiserant,  quae  captae  in  hostium  venerant  potestatem. 
AlcibiSdes  simul  cum  collegis  receperat  loniam,  Helles- 
pontum,  multas  praeterea  urbes  Graecas,  quae  in  ora 
sitae  sunt  Asiae :  quarum  expugnaverant  quam  plurimas, 
in  his  Byzantium ;  neque  minus  multas  consilio  ad  ami- 
citiam  adjunxerant,  quod  in  captos  dementia 5  fueraiit 
usi.     Inde  praeda 6  onusti,  locupletato  exercitu,  niaximis 
rebus  gestis,  Athenas  venerunt. 

Cyrus  favors  Lysander  and  the  Lacedaemonians,  407  B.  C. 

225.  Dum  haec  geruntur,  a  Lacedaemoniis  Lysan- 
der classi  belloque  praeficitur ;  et  Darius,  rex  Persarum, 
filium  suum,  Cyrum,  loniae  Lydiaeque  praeposuit,  qui 
Lacedaemonios   auxiliis   opibusque   ad   spem   fortunae 
prioris 7  erexit.     Aucti 8  igitur  viribus 9  Alcibiadem  cum 
centum  navibus  in  Asiam  profectum,10  dum  agros  popu- 
latur,  repentmo  adventu  oppressere.11     Magnae  et  in- 
opinatae  cladis  nuntius  quum  Athenas  venisset,  tanta 

J414,  I.  M21,  I.  9424. 

2  419,  III.  6  421,  II.  10  283. 

3  294.  7  166.  »  236. 

4  500.  8  264. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  87 

Atlieniensium.  desperatio  fuit,  ut  statim  Cononem  in 
Alcibiadis  locum  mitt-Spent,  duels  se  fraude  magis  quam 
belli  fortuua  victos l  arbitrantes. 


Fatal  Defeat  of  the  Athenians  at  Aegospotamos,  405  B.  0. 

226.  Itaque  Conon  classem  maxima  industrial  ador- 
nat ;  sed  navibus 2  exercitus  deerat.     Nam,  ut  nume'rus 
militum  expleretur,  senes  et  pueri  arma  capere  coacti 
suut.     Pluribus  itaquc  proeliis  adverse  Marte  pugnatis, 
tandem  Lysaiider,  Spartanorum  dux,  Atlieniensium  ex- 
ercitum,  qui,  navibus  relictis,  in  terrain  praedatum3  exi- 
^rat,4  ad  Aegos  flumen  oppressit,  eoque  impStu  totum 
bellum  fimvit.     Hac  enim  clade  res  Atlieniensium  pem- 
tus  inclinata  est. 

Athens  surrenders  to  Lysander,  404  B.  C.  —  Tlie  Thirty  Tyrants. 

227.  Lysander  Atlienas  navigavit,  miseramque  civi- 
tatem,  obsidione  circumdatam,  fame 5  urget.  Athenienses, 
multis  fame  et  ferro  amissis,  pacem  petivere.     Quum 
noniiulli   nomen   Atlieniensium   delendum,1   urbemque 
incendio   consumendain  censerent,6  Spartani  negarunt, 
se  passuros,  ut  ex  duobus  Graeciae  oculis  alter  erueretur ; 7 
pacemque  Atlieniensibus  sunt  polliciti,  si  longi  muri  bra- 
chia  dejicerent,8  navesque  traderent ;  denique  si  res  pub- 
lica  triginta  rectores,  ex  civibus  deligendos,  acciperet. 
His  legibus  acceptis,  tota  civitas  subito  mutari  coepit. 
Triginta  rectores  rei  publicae  coiistituuntur,  Lacedaemo- 
nils  °  et  Lysandro  dediti,  qui  brevi  tyranmdeni  in  cives 
exercere  coeperunt. 

1  534,  note.  4  295,  3.  7  501,  II.  1. 

2  386,  2.  5  420.  8  509,  note  3. 

3  546.  «  521,  II.  2.  9  384. 

5 


88  LATIN  HEADER. 

Epaminondas.  —  Battle  of  Leuctra,  371  B.  0. :  of  Mantinea,  362  B.  0. 
228.  Epaminondas,  dux  Thebanus,  apud  Leuctra 
superavit  Lacedaemonios.  Idem  imperator  apud  Man- 
tineam  graviter  vulneratus  concidit.1  Hujus  casu  all- 
quantum2  retardati  sunt  Boeotii,  neque  tamen  prius 
pugna3  excesserunt,  quam4  hostes  profligarunt.5  At 
Epaminondas  qumn  animadverteret,  mortiferum  se  vul- 
QUS  accepisse,  simulque,  si  ferrum,  quod  ex  hastili 6  in 
corpore  remans&rat,  extraxisset,7  ammam  statim  emissu- 
rum,  usque  eo  retinuit,  quoad  renuntiatum  est,  vicisse 8 
Boeotios.  Id  postquam  audivit,  "Satis"  inquit,  "vixi; 
invictus  enim  morior"  Turn,  ferro  extracto,  confestim 
exanimatus  est. 

229.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 

1.  Did  the  enemy  fortify  the  city  ?  2.  He  does  not 
know  whether  the  enemy  fortified  the  city.  3.  They 
did  not  know  whether  the  enemy  were  fortifying  the 
city.  4.  We  did  not  know  whether  the  enemy  had  for- 
tified the  city.  5.  We  had  heard  that  they  were  not 
able  to  fortify  it.  6.  We  wished  to  fortify  Athens.  7. 
The  war  was  brought  to  a  close  (finished)  by  a  naval 
engagement.  8.  We  know  that  the  war  was  brought 
to  a  close  by  a  naval  engagement.  9.  We  will  give 
you  six  books  as  a  present.  10.  The  Lacedaemonians 
having  been  conquered  made  peace.  11.  This  peace 
will  be  observed  many  years.  12.  The  Lacedaemonians 
were  conquered  at  Leuctra.  13.  Who  conquered  them 
in  that  battle  ?  14.  They  were  conquered  at  Leuctra 
by  Epaminondas,  the  Theban  leader. 

255, 1.  4.  4  520,  foot-note  1.  7  525,  2. 

304,  I.  3.  5  235.  8  538. 

434,  note  1.  6  63. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  89 

PEKIOD   HI.  —  GRAECO-MACEDONIAN  EMPIRE. 

FROM  THE  ACCESSION  OF  PHILIP  TO  THE  DEATH  OP  ALEXANDER,  323  B.  C. 

Decline  of  the  Grecian  States.  —  Eise  of  the  Macedonian  Power. 

230.  Post    Leuctricam    pugnam    Lacedaemonii    se 
nunquam  refecerunt ;  et  Thebae,  quod,1  quamdiu  Epami- 
nondas  praefuit  rei  publicae,2  caput  fuit  totlus  Grae- 
ciae,  post  ejus  interitum  perpetuo  alieno  paruerunt  im- 
perio.     Athenienses,  non  ut  olim  in  classem  et  exercitum, 
sed  in  dies  festos  apparatusque  ludorum  reditus  publicos 
effundebant,  frequentiusque  in  theatris  quam  in  castris 
versabantur.     Quibus  rebus  effectum  est,  ut  obscurum 
an  tea  MacedSnum  nomen  emergeret;3  et  Philippus,  obses 
triennio 4  Thebis  habitus  in  Epaminondae  domo,  hujus 
praestantissimi  viri  et  Pelopidae  virtutibus   eruditus, 
Graeciae  servitutis  jugum  impon&ret. 

Extension  of  Philip's  Power. 

231.  Philippus,  quum  magnam  gloriam  apud  omnes 
nationes   adeptus   esset,5  Olynthios   aggreditur.     Hanc 
urbem  antiquam  et  nobilem  exscindit,  et  praeda  °  ingenti 
fruitur.     Inde  auraria  in  Thessalia,  argenti  metalla  in 
Thracia  occupat.     His  ita  gestis,  forte  evenit,  ut  eum 
fratres  duo,  reges  Thraciae,  disceptationum  suarum  judi- 
cem7  eligerent.3     Sed  Philippus  ad  judicium,  velut  ad 
bellum,  instructo  exercitu 8  supervenit,  et  regno 9  utrum- 
que  spoliavit. 

1  445,  4.  4  379,  1.  7  373. 

2  386.  6  283.  8  419. 

3  501,  I.  1.  6  421,  I.  9  413,  note  1. 


90  LATIN   READER. 

Battle  of  Chceronea,  338  B.  0. 

232.  Quum,  in  Scythiam  praedandi1  causa  profec- 
tus,2  Scythas   dolo   vicisset,  diu   dissimulatum   bellum 
Atheniensibus  infert,3  quorum  causae  Thebani  se  junxe- 
runt.     Proelio  ad  Chaeroneam  commisso,  quum  Atheni- 
enses  longe  majore  militum  numero  praestarent,4  tameii 
assiduis  bellis 5  iiidurata  MacedSnum  virtute  vincuntur. 
Non  tamen  immemores  pristmae  virtutis6  ceciderunt; 
quippe  adversis  vulneribus 7  omnes  loca,  quae  tuenda 8  a 
ducibus    aceeperant,    morientes    corporibus    texerunt. 
Hie  dies  universae  Graeciae  et  °  gloriam  dominationis  et 
vetustissimam  libertatem  fimvit. 

Philip  prepares  to  invade  Persia. 

233.  Hujus  victoriae  callide  dissimulata  laetitia  est. 
Non  solita 10  sacra  Philippus  ilia  die  fecit ;  non  in  con- 
vivio  risit ; u   non  coronas  aut  unguenta  sumpsit ;  et, 
quantum  in  illo  f  uit,  ita  vicit,  ut  victorem  nemo  sentiret.12 
Atheniensibus  et  captivos  gratis  remlsit,  et  bello  con- 
sumptorum10  corpora  sepulturae  reddidit.     Compositis 
in  Graecia  rebus,  omnium  civitatum  legatos  ad  forman- 
dum  rerum  praesentium  statum13  evocari  Corinthum14 
jubet.     Ibi  pacis  leges  universae  Graeciae  pro  meritis 
singularum   civitatum   statuit,    conciliumque   omnium, 
veluti  unum  senatum,15  ex  omnibus  legit.     Auxilia  de- 
inde  singularum  civitatum  describuntur ;  nee  dubium 
erat,  eum  Persarum  imperium  et  suis  et  Graeciae  viri- 
bus  impugnaturum  esse. 

]542,  I.  6399,  I.  2.  ll  265. 

2  283.  7  419,  II.  12  500. 

3  292,  2.  8  549,  3.  13  544,  1. 

4  515,  III.  9  554,  I.  5.  14  380. 

5  420.  10441.  15363. 


GRECIAN   HISTORY.  91 

Death  of  Philip,  336  B.  C. 

234.  Interea  dum  auxilia  e  Graecia  coeunt,1  nuptias 
Cleopatrae  filiae,  et  Alexandri,  quern  regem  EpTri  fec&- 
rat,  magno  apparatu2  celebrat.     Ubi  quum  Philippus 
ad  ludos   spectandos,  medius   inter   duos  Alexandros, 
filium  et  generum,  coiitenderet,3  Pausanias,  nobilis  ex 
Macedonibus  adolescens,  occupatis  angustiis,  Philippum 
in   transitu   obtruncat.     Hie  ab  Attalo   indigno  modo 
tractatus,  quum  saepe  querelam  ad  Philippum  frustra 
detulisset,4  et  honoratum  insuper  adversarium  videret, 
iram  in  ipsum  Philippum  vertit,  ultionemque,  quam  ab 
adversario  non  poterat,  ab  iniquo  judice  exegit. 

Alexander  the  Great  succeeds  to  the  Macedonian  Thronet  336  B.  C. 

235.  Philippe 5  Alexander  filius  successit,  et  virtute 6 
et  vitiis  patre  major.     Vincendi  ratio  utrique 7  diversa. 
Hie 8  aperta  vi,  ille  artibus  bella  tractabat.     Deceptis 9 
ille   gaudere10  hostibus,11  hie   palam  fusis.     Prudentior 
ille  consilio,  hie  ammo  magnificentior.12     Irani  pater  dis- 
simulare,  plerumque  etiam  vincSre ;  hie  ubi  exarsisset,13 
nee  dilatio  ultionis,  nee  modus  erat.     Vini14  uterque 
nimis  avidus ;  sed  ebrietatis  diversa  ratio.     Pater  de  con- 
vivio  in  hostem  procurrere,  manum  conserve,  periculis 
se  temere  offerre ;  Alexander  non  in  hostem,  sed  in  suos 
saevlre.     Regnare  ille  cum  amicis  volebat;  hie  in  amicos 
regna  exercebat.     Amari  pater  malle,  hie  metui.     Lit- 
terarum  cultus  utrique  similis.     Sollertiae19  pater  ma- 
joris,  hie  fidei.     Verbis   atque  oratione   Philippus,  hie 

1  295,  3.  6  424.  »  413. 

2  419,  III.  7  387.  ^  164. 

3  521,  II.  2.  *  450,  2,  (2).  "  518,  1. 

4  292,  2.  9  549,  note  2.  14  399,  I.  1. 
6  386.  10536,  1.  15401;  403. 


92  LATIN  HEADER. 

rebus  moderation  Parcendi  victis l  filio  animus  promp- 
tior ;  ille  nee  sociis 2  abstinebat.  Frugalitati  pater,  lux- 
uriae  filius  magis  deditus  erat.  Quibus3  artibus  orbis 
imperil  fundamenta  pater  jecit,  operis  totius  gloriam 
filius  eonsummavit. 


Beginning  of  Alexander's  Eeign. 

236.  Imperio  suscepto,  prima  Alexandro  cura  pater- 
narum  exsequiarum  f uit ;  in  quibus  ante  omnia  caedis 4 
eonscios  ad  tumulum  patris  oecidi  jussit.     Inter  initia 
regni  multas  gentes  rebellantes  eompescuit ; 5   orientes 
nonnullas   seditiones   exstinxit.     Deinde   ad   Persicum 
bellum  proficiscens,  patrimonium  omne  suum,  quod  in 
Macedonia   et  Europa   habebat,   amlcis   divlsit ;    sibi* 
Asiam  suffice  re  praefatus.7     Nee  exercitui8  alius  quam 
regi  animus  fuit.     Quippe  omnes  obliti  conjugum9  libe- 
rorumque,  et  longinquae  a  domo  militiae,  nihil  eogi- 
tabant  nisi  Orientis   opes.     Quum   delati10  in   Asiam 
essent,  primus11  Alexander  jaculum  velut  in  hostllem 
terram  jecit ;  armatusque  de  navi 12  tripudianti 13  similis 
prosiluit,14  atque  ita  hostias  caedit,  precatus,  ne  se  regem 
illae  terrae  invitae 13  accipiant.16     In  Ilio  quoque  ad  tu- 
mulos  heroum,17  qui  Trojano  bello  ceciderant,  parentavit. 

Battle  of  the  Gramcus,  334  B.  0. 

237.  Inde  hostem  petens  milites  a  populatione  Asiae 
prohibuit,  parcendum™  suis  rebus   praefatus,   nee  per- 

1  385 ;  541.  7  297,  II.  3.  »  543 .  39 lf  L 

2  414.  8  387.  J«  L>85. 

3  453.  9  406.  15  443. 

4  399,  I.  2.  10  292,  2.  "  498,  I. 
6  273,  note.  »  442,  note.  **  68. 

6  386.  12  62,  III.  »8  534,  note. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  93 

denda  ea,  quae  possessuri1  venerint.  In  exercitu  ejus 
fuere  peditum  triginta  duo  millia,  equitum  quattuor 
millia  quingenti,  naves  centum  octoginta  duae.  Hac 
tarn  parva  manu  universum  terrarum  orbem2  vincere 
est  aggressus.  Quum  ad  tarn  periculosum  bellum  exer- 
citum  legeret,3  non  juvSnes  robustos,  sed  veteranos,  qui 
cum  patre  patruisque  militaverant,  elegit:  ut  non  tarn 
milites,  quam  magistros  militiae  electos  putares.4  Prima 
cum  hoste  congressio  in  campis  Adrastlae  fuit.  In  acie 
Persarum  sexcenta  millia  militum  fuerunt,  quae  non 
minus  arte  Alexandri  quam  virtute  Macedonum  super- 
ata,  terga  verterunt.  Itaque  magna  caedes  Persarum 
fuit.  De  exercitu  Alexandri  novem  pedites,  centum 
viginti  equites  cecidere ;  quos  rex  magnifice  humatos 
statuis  equestribus  donavit ;  cognatis  eorum  autem  im- 
munitates  dedit.  Post  victoriam  major 5  pars  Asiae  ad 
eum  defecit.  Habuit  et  plura 6  proelia  cum  praefectis 
Darii,  quos  jam  non  tarn  armis,  quam  terrore  nommis 
sui  vicit. 

Battle  oflssus,  333  B.  0. 

238.  Interea  Darius  cum  quadringentis  millibus 
peditum  ac  centum  millibus  equitum  in  aciem  procedit. 
Commisso  proelio,  Alexander  non  duels  magis  quam 
militis  munia7  exsequebatur.  MacedSnes  cum  rege 
ipso  in  equitum  agmen  irrumpunt.  Turn  vero  similis 
rulnae  strages  erat.  Circa  currum  Darii  jacebant  nobi- 
lissimi  duces,  ante  oculos  regis  egregia  morte 8  defuncti. 
Jamque  qui  DarTam  vehebant  equi,  confossi  hastis  et 
dolore  efferati,  jugum  quatere  et  regem  curru9  excutere 

1  549,  3.  4  485,  note  1.  7  131,  1,  4). 

2  107,  2.  8  1G5.  8421,  I. 

3  521,  II.  2.  6  165,  note  1.  9  434,  note  1. 


94  LATIN  EEADEE. 

coep&rant :  quum  ille,  veritus  ne  yivus  venlret l  in  hos- 
tium  potestatem,  desilit,2  et  in  equum,  qui  ad  hoc  ipsum 
sequebatur,  imponitur.  Turn  vero  ceteri  dissipantur 
metu.  Inter  captives  eastrorum  mater  et  uxor  et  filiae 
duae  Darii  fuere :  in  quas  Alexander  ita  se  gessit,3  ut 
omnes  ante  euin  reges  et  continentia4  et  dementia 
vinceret.6 

Alexander  in  Egypt,  332  B.  C. —  He  visits  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 

Ammon. 

239,  Aegyptii,  olim  Persarum  opibus  infensi,  Alex- 
andrum  laeti 6  receperunt.  A  Memphi 1  rex  in  interiora8 
penetrat;  compositisque  rebus  ita,  ut  nihil  ex  patrio 
Aegyptiorum  more  mutaret,  adire  Jovis  Ammonis  orac- 
ulum9  statuit.  Quatriduo  per  vastas  solitudines  ab- 
sumpto,  tandem  ad  sedem  consecratam  deo10  ventum 
est,11  undique  ambientibus  ramis  contectam.  Regem  pro- 
pius  adeuntem  maximus  natu12  e  sacerdotibus  EILIUM  ap- 
pellat,  hoc  nomen  illi parentem  Jovem  reddere  affirmans. 
Ille  se  vero  et  accipSre  ait 13  et  agnoscSre,  huraanae  sor- 
tis  M  oblitus.  Consulit  deinde,  an  totius  orbis  imperium 
sibi  destinaret 15  PATEE.  Aeque  in  adulationem  composi- 
tus,  terrarum  omnium  rectorem  fore  ostendit.  Post  haec 
institit  quaer^re,  an  omnes  parentis  sui  interfectores 
poenas  dedissent.  Sacerdos  PAEENTEM  ejus  negat  ullius 
scelere  posse  violari,  PHILIPPI  autem  omnes  luisse  sup- 
plicia.  Sacrificio  deinde  facto,  dona  et  sacerdotibus  et 
deo  data,18  permissumque  amicis,  ut  ipsi  quoque  consu- 
lerent17  Jovem.  Nihil  amplius  quaesiverunt,  quam  an 


1  498,  III. 

7  62,  II.  2. 

13  297,  II.  1. 

2  467,  III. 

8  441,  I. 

14  406,  II. 

3  269. 

9  372. 

15  529. 

4  424. 

10  384. 

16  368,  3. 

5  500. 

"301,  1. 

17  498. 

6  443. 

12  168,  4. 

GRECIAN  HISTOKY.  95 

auctor  esset  sibi  divlnis  honoribus  colendi l  suum  regem. 
Hoc  quoque  acceptum  fore  Jovi2  vates  respondit.  Rex 
ex  Ammone  rediens 3  elegit  urbi  locum,  ubi  nunc  est 
Alexandria,  appellationem  trahens  ex  nomine  auctoris. 

Darius  makes  Jiis  last  Proposals  of  Peace. 

240.  Jam  Darius  pervenerat  Arbela*  yicum,  nobi- 
lem  sua  clade  facturus.     Raro  in  ullo  proelio  tantum 
sangumis 5  f usum  est.     Tandem  Darii  auriga,  qui  ante 
ipsum  sedens  equos  regebat,  hasta  transfixus  est;  nee 
aut  Persae  aut  Macedfaies  dubitavere,  quin  ipse  rex  esset 
occisus.6    Ced&re 7  Persae,  et  laxare  ordmes ;  jamque  non 
pugna,  sed  caedes  erat,  quum  Darius  quoque  currum 
suum  in  fugam  vertit;  victori  Alexandro  Asiae  impe- 
rium  obtigit.8 

Disturbances  in  Greece. 

241.  Dum  haec  in  Asia  gerebantur,  Graecia  fere 
omnis,  spe  recuperandae  libertatis,1  ad  arma  concurrSrat, 
auctoritatem  Lacedaemoniorum  secuta.     Dux  hujus  belli 
Agis,  rex  Lacedaemoniorum, fuit.    Quern9  motum  Antipa- 
ter,  dux10  ab  Alexandro  in  Macedonia  relictus,  in  ipso 
ortu  oppressit.     Magna   tamen   utrimque  caedes  fuit. 
Agis  rex,  quum  suos  terga  daiites  videret,  dimissis  satel- 
litibus11  ut  Alexandro   felicitate,  non  virtute   inferior 
videretur,12  tantam  stragem  hostium  edidit,13  ut  agmma 
interdum  fugaret.     Ad  postremum,  etsi  a  multitudine 
victus,  gloria  tamen  omnes  vicit. 


1  542,  I. 

6  504. 

10  362,  3. 

2  391. 

7  536,  1. 

"81. 

3  295,  3. 

8  271,  1. 

12  497. 

4  380. 

9  453. 

13  271,  1. 

6  397. 

96  LATIN  HEADER. 

Alexander  invades  India. 

242.  Post  haec  Indiam  petit,  ut  Oceano  fimret  im- 
perium.     Cui  gloriae  ut  etiam  exercitus  ornamenta  con- 
vemrent,  phaleras  e  quorum  et  arma  militum  argento 
inducit.     Quum  ad  Nysam  urbem  venisset,  oppidanis1 
non  repugnantibus  parci  jussit. 

Alexander  returns  to  Babylon,  324  B.  C. 

243.  Ab  ultimis2  oris  Oceani  Babyloniam  reversus, 
convivium  solemniter  instituit.     Ibi  quum  totus s  in  lae- 
titiam  effusus  esset,  recedeiitem  jam  e  convivio  Medius 
Thessalus    instaurata   comissatione   invitat.      Accepto 
poculo,  inter  bibendum  *  veluti  telo  confixus  ingemuit, 
elatusque  e  convivio  semiammis,  tanto  dolore  cruciatus 
est,  ut  ferrum  in  remedia  posceret.5    Venenum  accepisse 
creditur. 

Death  of  Alexander,  323  B.  C. 

244.  Quarta  die   Alexander    indubitatam  mortem 
sentiens,  agnoscere   se  fatum  domus  majorum  sudrum, 
ait,  nam  plerosque  Aeaciddrum  intra  tricesimum  annum 
defunctos.    Tumultuantes  deinde  milites,  insidiis  periisse  * 
regem  suspicantes,  ipse  sedavit,  eosque  omnes  ad  con- 
spectum  suum  admlsit,  osculandamque 7  dextram  por- 
rexit.8     Quum  lacrimarent 9  omnes,  ipse  non  sine  lacrimis 
tantum,  verum  etiam  sine  ullo  tristioris  mentis  argu- 
mento  fuit.     Ad  postremum  corpus  suum  in  Ammonis 
templo  condi  jubet.     Quum  deficere  eum  amici  viderent, 
quaerunt,    quern   imperii  faciat   heredem;10   respondit, 

1  385.  8  500.  •  221, 1.  1. 

2  166.  6  295,  3.  9  515,  III. 

3  443.  7  549,  8.  10  373. 

4  542,  III. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY.  97 

Dignissimum.  Hac  voce  omnes  amlcos  suos  ad  aemu- 
lain  regni  cupiditatem  accendit.  Sexta  die,  praeclusa 
voce,  exemptum  digito1  annulum  Perdiccae  tradidit> 
quae  res  gliscentem  amicorum  discordiam  sedavit.  Nam 
etsi  non  voce  nuncupatus  heres,  judicio  tamen  electus2 
esse  videbatur. 

Remarks  on  the  Character  of  Alexander. 

245.  Decessit  Alexander  mensem  unum  tres  et  tri- 
ginta  annos3  natus,  vir  supra  humanum  modum  vi4  anT- 
mi  praeditus.  Quo  die  natus  est,  pater  ejus  nuntium 
duarum  victoriarum  accepit.  Puer  acerrnnis  litterarum 
studiis  erudltus  fuit.  Exacta  pueritia,  per  quinquen- 
nium AristotSle  usus  est  magistro.  Accepto  tandem 
imperio  tantam  militibus  suis  fiduciam  fecit,  ut,  illo 
praesente,  nulllus  hostis  arma  timerent.5  Itaque  cum 
nullo  hoste  unquam  congressus  est,  quern  non  vicerit ; 6 
nullam  urbem  obsedit,  quam  non  expugnaverit. 

246.    EXERCISE  IN  WRITING  LATIN. 

1.  Pericles  at  that  time  presided  over  the  republic. 
2.  He  is  said  to  have  presided  over  the  republic  many 
years.  3.  Philip  wished  to  wage  war  against  the  Athe- 
nians. 4.  War  was  waged  by  Philip  against  the  Athe- 
nians. 5.  Philip  conquered  the  Athenians  at  Chaero- 
nea.  6.  The  victor  wished  to  conceal  his  joy.  7.  Many 
wish  to  rule.  8.  I  prefer  to  obey.  9.  The  Athenians 
wished  to  present  the  general  with  a  golden  crown. 
10.  The  Lacedaemonians  wished  to  recover  their  liberty. 

1 434,  note  1.  3  379.  6  500. 

2  536,  2,1).  4420,  1.  6503,  I. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEAENER 


I.  The  preparation  of  a  Beading  Lesson  in  Latin  involves 

1.  A  knowledge  of  the  Meaning  of  the  Latin. 

2.  A  knowledge  of  the  Structure  of  the  Latin  Sentences. 

3.  A  translation  into  English. 

MEANING  OF  TILE  LATIN. 

II.  Bern  ember  that  almost  every  inflected  word  in  a  Latin  sen- 
tence requires  the  use  of  both  the  Dictionary  and  the  Grammar  to 
ascertain  its  meaning. 

The  Dictionary  gives  the  meaning  of  the  word  without  reference  to  its  Grammati- 
cal properties  of  case,  number,  mood,  tense,  etc.,  and  the  Grammar,  the  meaning  of  the 
endings  which  mark  those  properties.  The  Dictionary  will  give  the  meaning  of 
mensa,  a  table,  but  not  of  mensdrum,  of  tables ;  the  Grammar  alone  will  give  the  force 
of  the  ending  arum. 

III.  Make  yourself  so  familiar  with  all  the  endings  of  inflection, 
with  their  exact  form  and  force,  whether  in  declension  or  conjuga- 
tion, that  you  will  not  only  readily  distinguish  the  different  parts 
of  speech  from  each  other,  but  also  the  different  forms  of  the  same 
word  with  their  exact  and  distinctive  force. 

IV.  In  taking  up  a  Latin  sentence, 

1.  Notice  carefully  the  endings  of  the  several  words,  and  thus 
determine  which  words  are  nouns,  which  verbs,  etc. 

2.  Observe  the  force  of  each  ending,  and  thus  determine  case, 
number,  voice,  mood,  tense,  etc. 

This  will  be  found  to  be  a  very  important  step  toward  the  mastery  of  the  sentence. 
By  this  means  you  will  discover  not  only  the  relation  of  the  words  to  each  other,  but 
also  an  important  part  of  their  meaning,  that  which  they  derive  from  their  endings. 

V.  The  key  to  the  meaning  of  any  simple  sentence  (347)  will 
be  found  in  the  simple  subject  and  predicate,  i.  e.,  in  the  Nominative 
and  its  Verb.     Hence,  in  looking  out  the  sentence,  observe  the  fol- 
lowing order.     Take 

1.  The  Subject,  or  Nominative. 


100  LATIN   READER. 

The  ending  will  ID  most  instances  enable  you  to  distinguish  this  from  all  other 
words,  except  the  adjectives  which  agree  with  it.  These  may  be  looked  out  at  the 
same  time  with  the  subject. 

Sometimes  the  subject  is  not  expressed,  but  only  implied,  in  the  ending  of  the  verb. 
It  may  then  be  readily  supplied,  as  it  is  always  a  pronoun  of  such  person  and  number 
as  the  verb  indicates;  as,  audio,  I  hear,  the  ending  io  showing  that  the  subject  is  ego; 
audllis,  you  hear,  the  ending  iUs  showing  that  the  subject  is  DOS. 

2.  The  Verb,  with  Predicate  Noun  or  Adjective,  if  any. 

This  will  be  readily  known  by  the  ending.  Now  combining  this  with  the  Subject, 
you  will  have  an  outline  of  the  sentence.  Ail  the  other  words  must  now  be  associated 
with  these  two  parts. 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  i.  e.,  adjectives  agreeing  with  it, 
nominatives  in  apposition  with  it,  genitives  dependent  upon  it,  etc. 

But  perhaps  some  of  these  have  already  been  looked  out  in  the  attempt  to  ascertain 
the  subject. 

In  looking  out  these  words,  bear  in  mind  the  meaning  of  the  subject  to  which  they 
belong.  This  will  greatly  aid  you  in  selecting  from  the  dictionary  the  true  meaning  in 
the  passage  before  you. 

4.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Verb,  i.  e.,  (1)  Oblique  cases,  Accusatives, 
Datives,  etc.,  dependent  upon  it,  and  (2)  Adverbs  qualifying  it. 

Bear  in  mind  all  the  while  the  force  of  the  case  and  the  meaning  of  the  verb,  that 
you  may  be  able  to  select  for  each  word  the  true  meaning  in  the  passage  before  you. 

VI.  In  complex  and  compound  sentences  (348 ;  349),  discover 
first  the  connectives  which  unite  the  several  members,  and   then 
proceed  with  each  member  as  with  a  simple  sentence. 

VII.  In  the  use  of  Dictionary  and  Vocabulary,  remember  that 
you  are  not  to  look  for  the  particular  form  which  occurs  in  the  sen- 
tence, but  for  the  Nom.  Sing,  of  nouns,  adjectives,  and  pronouns, 
and  for  the  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act.  of  Verbs.    Therefore, 

1.  In  Pronouns,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  their  declension, 
that  any  oblique  case  will  at  once  suggest  the  Norn.  Sing. 

If  vobis  occurs,  you  must  remember  that  the  Nom.  Sing,  is  tu. 

2.  In  Nouns  and  Adjectives,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  the 
case-endings,  that  you  will  be  able  to  drop  that  of  the  given  case, 
and  substitute  for  it  that  of  the  Nom.  Sing. 

Thus,  mensibus ;  stem  mensi,  Nom.  Sing,  mentis,  which  you  will  find  in  the  Vo- 
cabulary. Bo  ducem,  due,  dues,  dux. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEAKNEK.  101 

3.  In  Verbs,  change  the  ending  of  the  given  form  into  that  of  the 
First  Pers.  Sing,  of  the  Pres.  Indie.  Act. 

Thus,  arndbat;  stem  ama,  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act.  amo,  which  you  will 
find  in  the  Vocabulary.  So  am&verunt;  First  Pers.  Perf.  &mavi,  Perf.  stem  amav, 
Verb  stem  ama  ;  a/mo. 

To  illustrate  the  steps  recommended  in  the  preceding  suggestions,  we  add  the 
following 

Model. 
VIII.  Themistocles  imperator  servitute  totam  Graeciam  liberiivit. 

1.  Without  knowing  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you  will  discover  from 
their  forms, 

1)  That  Themistocles  and  imperator  are  probably  nouns  in  the  Nom.  Sing. 

2)  That  servitute  is  a  noun  in  the  Abl.  Sing. 

3)  That  totam  and  Graeciam  are  either  nouns  or  adjectives  in  the  Accus. 
Sing. 

4)  That  liberdvit  is  a  verb  in  the  Act.  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense, 
Third  Person,  Singular  number. 

2.  Now,  turning  to  the  Vocabulary  for  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you 
will  learn, 

1)  That  T7iemistocles  is  the  name  of   an  eminent  Athenian  general: 
THEMISTOCLES. 

2)  That  libero,  for  which  you  must  look,  not  for  liberdvit,  means  to  liber- 
ate :  LIBERATED. 

Themistocles  liberated. 

3)  That  imperator  means  commander ;  THE  COMMANDER. 

Themistocles,  the  commander,  liberated. 

4)  That  Graeciam  is  the  name  of  a  country :  GREECE. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  Greece. 

5)  That  totus  means  the  whole,  all :  ALL. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece. 

6)  That  servitus  means  servitude  :  FROM  SERVITUDE. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece  from  servitude. 


STRUCTURE  OF  THE  LATIN  SENTENCE. 

IX.  The  structure  of  a  sentence  is  best  shown  by  analyzing  it 
and  parsing  the  words  which  compose  it. 

Analysis. 

X.  Tell  whether  the  sentence  is  simple,  complex,  or  compound, 

XI.  In  analyzing  a  Simple  sentence  (347),  name, 

1.  The  Subject  and  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form  (358,  360), 
and  (2)  in  the  complex  form  (359,  361). 


102  LATIN   READEE. 

2.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2) 
in  the  complex  form  (357,  2). 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and 
(2)  in  the  complex  form. 

If  the  Modifiers  are  complex,  the  analysis  may  be  continued  till  all  complex  ele- 
ments arc  explained. 

Model. 

XII.  In  his  castris  Cluilius,  Albanus  rex,  moritur.      Cluilius, 
the  Alban  king,  dies  in  this  camp. 

1.  This  is  a  simple  sentence. 

2.  Cluilius  is  the  simple  subject,  and  moritur,  the  simple  predicate. 
Cluilius  Albanus  rex,  is  the  complex  subject,  and  in  Tiis  castris  moritur  is 
the  complex  predicate. 

3.  Rex  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  subject  Cluilius,  and  Albanus  rex, 
the  complex  modifier,  as  rex  is  modified  by  Albanus. 

4.  In  castris  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  predicate  moritur,  showing 
where  he  dies,  and  in  his  castris  is  the  complex  modifier,  as  castris  is  modi- 
fied by  his. 

XIII.  In  analyzing  a  Complex  sentence  (348), 

1.  Name  the  sentence,  or  clause,1  used  as  an  element  in  it  with 
its  connective  (348,  note  1). 

2.  Analyze  the  sentence  as  a  whole,  like  a  simple  sentence. 

3.  Analyze  the  subordinate  clause  (348,  note  2). 

Model. 

XIY.  Donee  eris  felix,  multos  numeriibis  araicos.    So  long  as 
you  are  prosperous,  you  will  number  many  friends. 

1.  This  is  a  complex  sentence. 

2.  Donee  eris  felix,  is  a  clause  introduced  as  a  modifier  of  numerdbist 
showing  when  you  will  number. 

3.  Tu,  implied  in  numerdbis,  is  the  subject ;  numerdbis  is  the  simple 
predicate,  donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerdbis  amlcos  is  the  complex  predicate. 

4.  Amlcos  is  the  simple  object  of  the  predicate  numerdbis,  and  multos 
amicos  the  complex  object.    Donee  eris  felix  is  the  adverbial  modifier  of  the 
predicate. 

5.  Donee  eris  felix  is  a  simple  sentence,  with  the  connective  donee.     Tu, 
implied  in  eris,  is  the  subject,  and  eris  felix,  the  predicate,  eris  being  the 
copula  (360)  and  felix  the  predicate  adjective. 

1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  show  wherein. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEAENEE.  103 

XV.  In  analyzing  a  Compound  sentence  (349), 

1.  Separate  it  into  its  members  and  name  the  connectives.1 

2.  Analyze  each  member  as  a  separate  sentence. 

Model. 

XVI.  Sol  ruit  et  montes  umbrantur. 

The  sun  descends  and  the  mountains  are  shaded. 

1.  This  is  a  compound  sentence  (349). 

2.  The  members  are  sol  ruit  and  montes  umbrantur,  connected  by  the 
zonj  unction  et. 

3.  The  members  are  simple  sentences,  and  are  analyzed  accordingly. 

Parsing. 

XVII.  In  parsing  a  word, 

1.  Name  the  Part  of  Speech  to  which  it  belongs. 

2.  Inflect 2  it,  if  capable  of  inflection. 

3.  Give  its  gender,  number,  case,  voice,  mood,  tense,  person, 
etc.3 

4.  Give  its  Syntax  and  the  Rule  for  it.4 

Model. 

XVIII.  Romiini  ab  aratro  abduxerunt  Cincinnfitum,  ut  dictator 
esset,  The  Romans  took  Gincinnatus  from  the  plough,  that  he  might 
fie  dictator. 

1.  Romani  is  an  adjective:  Eomanus,  a,  urn,  STEM,  Romano;  decline. 
It  is  in  the  Nom.  Plur.  Masc.,  is  used  substantively  (441),  and  is  the  subject 
of  abduxerunt.  Give  Eule  III. 

2.  Abduxerunt  is  an  active  verb :  ab-duco,  ab-duc&re,  ab-duxi,  ab-ductum, 
compounded  of  ab  and  duco  (344) ;   STEM,  ab-duc,  PERFECT  STEM,  ab-dux. 
Give  synopsis  of  the  mood  (227).     Inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  the  Indicative 
Perf.  Act.  (209).    It  is  in  the  Active  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense,  Third 
person,  Plur.  number,  and  agrees  with  Romdni.    Give  Rule  XXXVI. 

3.  Cincinndtum  is  a  Proper  noun  (39,  1),  of  the  Second  Decl. ;   STEM 


1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  name  the  compound  elements. 

a  Inflect,  i.  e.,  decline,  compare  or  conjugate. 

3  That  is,  such  of  these  properties  as  it  possesses. 

*  No  special  Kule  is  deemed  necessary  for  Prepositions,  Conjunctions,  or  Interjec- 
tions. Prepositions  are  provided  for  by  the  rule  for  Oases  with  Prepositions.  Con- 
junctions are  mere  connectives,  and  are  quite  fully  explained  under  Moods. 
Interjections  are  only  expressions  of  emotion,  or  mere  marks  of  address,  explained 
under  Cases. 
8 


104:  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Cincinnato  ;  decline,  used  only  in  the  singular  (130,  1).    It  is  in  the  Accus. 
Sing.  Masc.,  and  is  the  direct  object  of  abduxcrunt.    Give  Eule  V. 

4.  Ab  is  a  preposition  used  with  the  Abl.  Ardtro. 

5.  Ardtro  is  a  noun  of  the  Second  Decl. ;  STEM  aratro ;  decline.    It  is  in 
the  Abl.  Sing.  Neut^  and  is  used  with  the  Prep.  ab.    Give  Rule  XXXIII. 

6.  Ut  is  a  conjunction  of  purpose  (497),  connecting  dbduxerunt  and  esset. 

7.  Esset  is  an  intransitive  verb :  sum,  esse,fui  (204).     Give  synopsis  of  the 
mood,  and  inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  Subj.  Imperf.    It  is  in  the  Subj.  mood,  7m- 
perf.  tense,  Third  person,  Sing,  number,  and  agrees  with  the  pronoun  is, 
he,  implied  in  the  ending  (368,  2).     Give  Eule  XXXVI. 

8.  Dictator  is  a  noun  of  the  Third  Decl. ;  STEM  dictator ;  decline  (60).     It 
is  in  the  Norn.  Sing.  Masc.,  and  agrees,  as  Predicate  noun,  with  the  omitted 
subject  of  esset.    Give  Eule  I. 


TRANSLATION. 

XIX.  In  translating,  render  as  literally  as  possible  without  doing 
violence  to  the  English. 

In  many  important  idioms  of  the  Latin,  a  literal  translation  would  not 
only  fail  to  do  justice  to  the  original,  but  would  also  be  a  gross  perversion 
of  the  mother-tongue.  The  following  suggestions  are  intended  to  aid  the 
pupil  in  disposing  of  such  cases  ;  but  even  in  these,  it  is  earnestly  recom- 
mended that  he  should  first  construe  literally,  in  order  that  he  may  be  made 
to  feel  the  force  of  the  Latin  construction  before  attempting  a  translation. 

Participles. 

XX.  These  are  much  more  extensively  used  in  Latin  than  in 
English ;  hence  the  frequent  necessity,  in  translating  them,  of  devi- 
ating from  the  Latin  construction.    They  may  generally  be  rendered 
in  some  one  of  the  following  ways 1  (548-550) : 

1.  Literally: 

Pyrrhus  proelio  fusus  a  Tarento  recessit,  Pyrrhm  having  been  defeated 
in  battle  withdrew  from  Tarentum. 

2.  By  a  Eelative  Clause  : 

Omnes  aliud  agentes,  aliud  simulantes  improbi  sunt,  All  who  do  onk 
thing  and  pretend  another  are  dishonest. 

3.  By  a  Clause  with  a  Conjunction : 


1  The  pupil  must  early  learn  to  determine  from  the  context  the  appropriate  render- 
ing in  each  instance. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO  THE  LEARNER.  105 

• 

1).  "With  a  Conjunction  of  Time, — while,  when,  after,  etc. 

Uva  maturata  dulcescit,  The  grape,  when  it  has  ripened  (having  ripened), 
becomes  sweet. 

2).  "With  a  Conjunction  of  Cause,  Eeason,  Manner, — as,  for, 
since,  etc. 

Millies  perfidiam  veriti  reverterunt,  The  soldiers  returned,  because  they 
feared  perfidy . 

3).  "With  a  Conjunction  of  Condition, — if. 
Accusatus  damnabitur,  If  he  is  accused,  he  will  be  condemned. 

4).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Concession, — though,  although. 
Urbera  acerrime  defensam  cepit,  He  took  the  city,  though  it  was  valiantly 
defended,  or  though  valiantly  defended. 

4.  By  a  Verbal  !Noun : 

Ad  Romam  conditam,  to  the  founding  of  Rome,  lit.  to  Eome  founded.  Ab 
urbe  condlta,  from  the  founding  of  the  city.  Post  reges  exactos,  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  kings* 

5.  By  a  Verb: 

Rex  ei  benigne  recepto  filiam  dedit,  The  Icing  received  him  kindly  and 
gave  him  his  daughter,  lit.  gave  his  daughter  to  him  kindly  received. 

XXI.  Participles  with  non  or  nihil  are  sometimes  best  rendered 
by  Participial  nouns  dependent  upon  without : 

NOD  ridens,  without  laughing. 

XXII.  Future  Participles  are  sometimes  best  rendered  by  Infini- 
tives, or  by  Participial  Nouns  with/or  the  purpose  of: 

Rediit  belli  casum  tentaturus,  He  returned  to  try  (about  to  try)  the  for- 
tune of  war. 

XXIII.  The  Ablative  Absolute  is  sometimes  best  rendered  (1) 
by  a  Clause  with, — when,  while,  after,  for,  since,  if,  though,  etc., 
(2)  by  a  Noun  with  a  Preposition, — in,  during,  after,  ~by,  from, 
through,  etc.,  or  (3)  by  an  Active  Participle  with  its  Object : 

Servio  regnante,  while  Servius  reigned,  or  in  the  reign  of  Servius  (lit. 
Servius  reigning}.  Duce  Fabio,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  (lit.  Fabius 
being  commander). 

Sometimes,  as  in  the  last  example,  a  word  denoting  the  doer  of  an  action  can  be 
best  rendered  by  the  word  which  denotes  the  thing  done.  Thus,  instead  of  com- 
mander,  consul,  king,  we  have  command,  consulship^  reign. 


JOG  LATIN   READER. 

Subjunctive. 
XXIY.  This  may  be  rendered  as  follows : 

1.  With  the  Potential  signs,  may,  can,  might,  could, 
should  (485) : 

Forsitan  quaeratis,  Perhaps  you  may  inquire.  Hoc  nemo  dix&rit,  No  om 
would  say  this. 

2.  By  the  English  Indicative.     This  is  generally  the  best  ren- 
dering 

1)  In  clauses  denoting  Cause  (517): 

Quum  vita  metus  plena  sit,  since  life  is  full  of  fear.  Quum  Romam 
venisset,  when  he  had  come  to  Rome. 

2)  In  Indirect  Questions  (529)  : 

Quaeritur,  cur  dissentiant,  It  is  asked  why  they  disagree. 

3)  In  other  Indirect  Clauses  (529,  II.)  : 

Vereor,  ne,  dum  minuere  velim  laborem,  augeam,  I  fear  I  shall  increase 
the  labor,  while  I  wish  to  diminish  it. 

4)  In  the  Subordinate  Clauses  of  Indirect  Discourse  (524) : 

Hippias  gloriatus  est,  annulum  quern  haberet  se  sua  manu  confecisse, 
Hippias  boasted  that  he  had  made  with  his  own  hand  the  ring  which  he  wore 
(had). 

5)  In  Relative    Clauses   defining    indefinite  antecedents,   and 
sometimes  in  clauses  denoting  result  (503,  500,  501)  : 

Sunt  qui  putent,  there  are  some  who  think.  Ita  vixit  ut  Athenienslbus 
csset  carissimus,  He  so  lived,  that  he  was  very  dear  to  the  Athenians. 

6)  Sometimes  in  Conditional    and  Concessive  clauses,  and  m 
clauses  with  Quin  (510,  515,  504) : 

Dum  metuant,  if  only  (provided)  they  fear.  Si  voluisset,  dimicasset,  If 
he  had  wished,  he  would  have  fought.  Ut  desint  vires,  tamen  est  laudanda 
voluntas,'  Though  the  strength  fails,  still  the  will  should  be  approved.  Adest 
nemo,  quin  videat,  There  is  no  one  present  who  does  not  see. 

3.  By  the  Infinitive.    This  is  often  the  best  rendering 

1)  In  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Result :  hence  after  dignus,  in- 
dignus,  idoneus,  aptus,  etc.  (503) : 

Non  is  sum  qui  his  utar,  I  am  not  such  a  one  as  to  use  (he  who  may  use) 
these  things.  Fabulae  dignae  sunt,  quae  legantur,  The  fables  are  worthy  to 
be  read  (which,  or  that  they,  should  be  read). 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEAKNER.  107 

2)  Sometimes  in  Eelative  Clauses  denoting  Purpose,  and  other 
clauses  denoting  Result  (497, 1,  500)  : 

Decemviri  creati  sunt  qui  leges  scriberent,  Decemvirs  were  appointed  to 
prepare  the  laws  (who  should  prepare). 

Infinitive. 

XXV.  The  Infinitive  has  a  much  more  extensive  use  in  Latin 
than  in  English.  The  following  points  require  notice  (532  if.). 

1.  The  Infinitive  with  a  Subject  is  rendered  by  a  Finite  verb 
with  that  : 

Dixit  se  regem  vidisse,  He  said  that  he  had  seen  the  Icing. 

2.  The  Historical  Infinitive  (536,  1)  is  rendered  by  the  Imperfect 
Indicative : 

Iram  pater  dissimulare,  The  father  concealed  his  anger. 

3.  The  Infinitive  is  sometimes  best  rendered  by  a  Participial 
noun  with  of,  with,  etc. 

Insimulatur  mysteria  violasse,  He  is  accused  of  having  violated  the  'mys- 
teries. 

Miscellaneous  Idioms. 
XXYI.  The  following  Miscellaneous  Idioms  are  added : 

1.  Certiorem  facere  should  be  rendered,  to  inform,  and  certior 
fieri,  to  ~be  informed : 

Caesar  certior  factus  est,  Caesar  was  informed. 

2.  Inter  se,  lit.  letween  themselves,  is  often  best  rendered,  from 
each  other,  to  each  other,  together. 

Omnes  inter  se  diflf  erunt,  They  all  differ  from  each  other. 

3.  Ne — quidem,  with  one  or  more  words  between  the  parts,  should 
be  rendered,  not  even  ;  or  even — not : 

Ne  nomen  quidem,  not  even  the  name. 

4.  When  two  or  more  verbs  stand  together  in  the  same  com- 
pound tense,  the  copula  (sum)  is  generally  expressed  only  with  tho 
last,  but  in  rendering,  the  copula  should  be  expressed  only  with 
the  first: 

Captus  et  in  vinciila  conjectus  est,  He  was  taken  and  thrown  into  chains. 

5.  Quanta — tanto,  lit.  "by  as  much  as — ~by  so  much,  is  often  best 
rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the : 


108  LATIN   READER. 

Quanto  diutius  considfiro,  tanto  res  videtur  obscurior,  the  longer  (by  as 
much  as  the  longer)  /  consider  the  subject,  the  more  obscure  (by  so  much  the 
more  obscure)  does  it  appear. 

G.  A  Clause  with  quominus,  by  which,  or  that,  the  less,  may 
generally  be  rendered  by  a  Clause  with  that,  by  the  Infinitive,  or 
by  a  Participial  noun  with  from. 

Per  eum  stetit  quominus  dimicaretur,  It  was  owing  to  him  (stood  through 
him)  that  the  engagement  was  not  made.  Non  recusavit  quominus  poenam 
sublret,  He  did  not  refuse  to  submit  to  punishment.  Regem  impediit  quomi- 
nus pugnaret,  He  prevented  the  king  from  fighting. 


NOTES. 
GRAMMATICAL    EXERCISES. 

For  Explanation  of  References,  see  page  ix. 

PAGB 

2,  1.  Corona*     As  the  Latin  has  no  article,  a  noun  may,  according     1 
to  the  connection  in  which  it  is  used,  be  translated  (1)  without  the 
article ;  as,  corona,  crown ;  (2)  with  the  indefinite  article  a,  or  an  ;  as 
corona,  a  crown;   (3)  with  the  definite  article  the;  as,  corona,  the 
crown. 

3,  2.   Of  friendship.     The  pupil  will  observe  that  the  English     2 
prepositions,  of,  to,  by,  may  be  rendered  into  Latin  by  simply  chang- 
ing the  ending  of  the  word.    Thus,  friendship,  amicitia ;  of  friendship, 

amicitiae. 10.   Of  a  crown.     The  pupil  will  remember  that  the 

English  articles,  a,  an,  and  the,  are  not  to  be  rendered  into  Latin  at 

all.  Crown,  a  crown,  and  the  crown,  are  all  rendered  into  Latin  by 
the  same  word. 

9,  11.  Coronam  lanslat.     Observe  that  the  object  coronam  pre-      3 
cedes  the  verb  laudat. 12.  Puer  coronam  landat.     The  usual  ar- 
rangement of  words  is  :  subject,  object,  verb,  as  in  this  sentence.     See 

Grammar,    560. 13.    Landant.      If  this  word   is  compared  with     4 

laudat  in  11,  it  will  be  found  to  differ  from  that  word  only  in  having 

nt,  meaning  they,  as  its  ending,  while  laudat  has  simply  t,  meaning 
he.  But  the  learner  must  at  the  outset  be  informed  that,  though 
the  forms  of  the  verb  thus  contain  the  pronoun  as  subject,  yet  a 
substantive  may  at  any  time  be  introduced  as  subject,  and  then  the 
pronoun  is  not  translated.  Thus  laudat,  he  praises,  but  puer  laudat, 
the  boy  praises  (not  the  boy  he  praises) ;  laudant,  they  praise ;  but 
pueri  laudant,  the  boys  praise. 

10,  2.  For  the  slave,  servo.    For  may  thus  be  expressed  by  the 
Dative,  and  the  article  the  must  be  omitted  in  rendering  into  Latin, 

as  that  language  has  no  corresponding  word. 8.  The  slave.     The 

Latin  word  will  be  in  the  Accusative,  according  to  Rule  V.,  and  will 
precede  the  verb.     See  note  on  "  Coronam  laudat"  (9,  11). 


110  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

5  14,  1.  Servns  bonus.     In  Latin  the  adjective  generally  follows  its 
noun,  as  in  this  example  ;  though  sometimes  it  precedes  it,  as  in  Eng- 
lish.    When  emphatic,  the  adjective  is  placed  before  its  noun ;  as, 
Verae  amicitiae,  true  friendships.     Bonus  agrees  with  servus,  accord- 
ing to  Rule  XXXIII. 15.  Ccronac  snnt  aureae.     While  in  general 

the  verb  in  Latin  occupies  the  last  place  in  the  sentence,  est  and  sum 
often  stand  between  the  subject  and  the  predicate  adjective,  as  in 
this  sentence.     See  Grammar  438,  2.     Some  freedom  of  arrangement 
is,  however,  allowed.     Thus :   Coronae  sunt  aureae  might  be  coronae 
aureae  sunt,  and  corona  aurea  est  above,  might  be  corona  est  aurea. 

15,  1.  A  true  friende     Be  sure  and  put  the  adjective  in  the  right 

form  to  agree  with  its  noun,  according  to  Rule  XXXIV. 15.  The 

queen  is  beautiful*  In  translating  English  into  Latin,  the  pupil  is 
expected,  in  the  arrangement  of  words,  to  imitate  the  order  followed 
in  the  Latin  Exercises. 

6  18,  10.  Virtus  regis.     Regis  is  in  the  Genitive  depending  upon 
virtus,  according  to  Rule  XVI.,  395.     The  Genitive  generally  follows 
its  noun,  as  in  this  instance,  but  sometimes,  especially  when   em- 

7  phatic,  it  precedes,  as  in  belli  causa  below. 20.  Tnllia  regis  filia. 

Filia  governs  regis,  according  to  Rule  XVI.,  but  is  itself  in  apposition 
with  Tullia,  according  to  Rule  II.     The  appositive  generally  follows 
its  noun. 25.  Filiam.  Explain  the  case.     See  Rules  II.  and  V. 

§  22,  4.  Consulis.      See  note  on  "  Consules"  (169). 10.  Urbis. 

Why  in  the  Genitive  ? -15.  Post  Romnli  mortem.     For  the  position 

of  the  preposition,  see  Grammar  669,  II.  3  ;  for  the  case  of  Romuli, 
395,  and  for  the  case  of  mortem,  432  and  433. 

23,  8.  Contrary  to,  contra.  The  pupil  will  remember  that  the 
English  prepositions  to,  for,  with,  from,  by,  are  generally  rendered 
into  Latin  by  merely  putting  the  noun  in  the  proper  case,  i.  e.,  in  the 
Dative  for  to  or  for,  and  in  the  Ablative  for  with,  from,  by  ;  but  some- 
times even  these  prepositions  are  rendered  by  corresponding  Latin 
words,  as  to  by  ad,  for  by  pro,  with  by  cum,  by  and  from  by  ab. 
Other  English  prepositions,  before,  after,  behind,  between,  etc.,  are  reg- 
ularly rendered  into  Latin  by  corresponding  Latin  prepositions. 

11.  To  a  friend,  ad  amicum.  To,  when  it  denotes  motion  or  direction, 
should  not  be  rendered  by  the  Dative,  but  by  the  preposition  ad.  See 
G.  384,  II.  3,  1).  Place  ad  amlcum  before  the  verb. 13.  Con- 
cerning the  death  of  Romulus.  For  the  arrangement  of  words,  see 
note  on  "Post  Romuli  mortem"  above. 15.  Fight  for  the  coun- 
try. For  in  the  sense  of  in  defence  of,  in  behalf  of,  should  not  be  ren 
dered  by  the  Dative,  but  by  the  preposition  pro.  See  G.  384,  II.  3,  2). 

9  25,  8.  Virtus  militis  fortis.     Observe  the  arrangement,  virtus  fol- 

lowed by  its  modifier  militis,  and  militis  followed  by  its  modifier  for- 


NOTES.  Ill 

PAGE 

tis.     This  is  the  usual  arrangement,  though  emphasis  and  euphony      9 
often  cause  a  departure  from  it.     See  G.  561. 

29,  18.    Magistrates.      Genitive   depending  upon  potestas.     See   1O 
Rule  XVI. 20.  Regis  cnrrum.     Is  this  the  usual  order  ? 

30,  2.  For  the  army.     Translate  in  two  ways,  taking  for  in  the 

sense  of  (1)  for  the  benefit  of,  and  (2)  in  defence  of. 4.  Before  the 

arrival.     See  note  on  Contrary  to  (23,  8). 11.  The  consul.     Ren-  11 

der  by  the  Genitive.    See  Rules  II.  and  XVI. 

32,  20.  Unus  liber.     The  numeral  adjectives  which  are  declined,  12 
as  units,  duo,  ires,  primus,  etc.,  agree  with  their  nouns,  like  other 

adjectives. 23.   Moras;    the    subject  of  est,   understood. 26. 

Souita;  Ablative  depending  upon  the  comparative  velocior  without 
quam,  according  to  Rule  XXIII. 

33,  10.  Eight  books,  with  eight  books.    The  indeclinable  numeral 
adjectives  may  be  used  without  change  of  form  with  nouns  of  any 

gender  and  in  any  case.     See  176. 12.  Than  iron.     Omit  quam, 

and  put  the  Latin  word  for  iron  in  the  Ablative,  according  to  Rule 
XXIII. 

37,  2.  Ad  me.     See  182.     Substantive  pronouns  are  used  in  14 

the  several  cases  like  nouns,  and  are  parsed  by  the  same  rules. 5. 

Blea  Yita.     The  Possessive,  the  Demonstrative,  and  the  Interrogative 
Pronouns,  in  this  exercise,  are  all  used  as  adjectives,  and  agree  with 
their  nouns,  like  any  other  adjectives,  according  to  Rule  XXXIV. 

438. 16.    Sum  .  .  .  sunt.     In  parsing  the  forms  of  sum,  which 

have  no  subject  expressed,  observe  the  second  Model  just  given.     If 

the  verb  is  of  the  first  person,  supply,  as  subject,  the  personal  pro- 
noun of  the  first  person ;  i.  e.,  ego  for  the  singular,  and  nos  for  the 
plural.  If  the  verb  is  of  the  second  person,  supply  the  personal  pro- 
noun of  the  second  person ;  i.  e.,  tu  for  the  singular,  and  vos  for  the 
plural.  If  the  verb  is  of  the  third  person,  supply  the  demonstrative 
pronoun  is  for  the  singular,  and  ii  for  the  plural,  as  the  personal  pro- 
noun sui  is  not  used  in  the  Nominative  :  hence,  ego  sum,  nos  sumus, 

ii  sunt. 24.  Simus,  sint.    It  would  be  useless  at  this  early  stage  to 

attempt  to  explain  to  the  learner  the  force  and  use  of  the  Latin  Sub- 
junctive. It  is,  perhaps,  enough  to  say  in  this  connection  that,  after 
various  connectives,  it  is  best  rendered  by  the  English  Indicative. 
I7or  the  present,  however,  the  learner  may  render  it  by  may  or  let. 

Thus  sint,  may  they  be,  let  them  be,  or  they  may  be. 26.  Justi. 

This  adjective  agrees  with  nos,  the  omitted  subject  of  sumus. 33. 

Leges  .  .  .  SimtO,  let  the  laws  be,  etc.  The  third  person  of  the  Future 
Imperative  is  often  best  rendered  by  let,  instead  of  shall. 

38,  13.  He  is,  they  are.     The  English  pronouns  in  this  Exercise 
are  not  to  be  rendered  by  the  corresponding  Latin  pronouns,  as  the 

6 


112  LATIN    READER. 

PAGE 

14  latter  may  be  implied  in  the  ending  of  the  verb :    hence,  he  is  :== 
esl. 

15  40,  1.  Ciceroni.     Dative  depending  upon  carissima. 2.  Xoniie. 

Interrogative  particles  and  interrogative  pronouns  usually  stand  at 

the  beginning  of  the  sentence. 5.  Nostrum.     Genitive  depending 

upon  parens.     See  Rule  XVI. 12.   Mihi  gloria*     Mihi  depends 

upon  carior  by  virtue  of  its  meaning,  according  to  Rule  XIV.,  but 
gloria  depends  upon  carior  as  a  comparative  without  quam,  according 
to  Rule  XXIII. 16.  Quam  In.     Tu  is  the  subject  of  es  to  be  sup- 
plied.  20.  Dens  est,  there  is  a  God. 

16  41,  1.  Who,  quis.     See  188,  1. 12.  Than  gold.     Use  the  Abla- 
tive without  quam,  or  the  Nominative  with  quam. 

18         45,  10.  For  your  country,  pro  patria. 

47,  9.  Amatus  est,  amati  sunt.  The  learner  will  observe,  that, 
when  the  verb  and  the  subject  (expressed  or  implied)  are  in  the 
Singular,  the  participle  (amatus),  which  forms  one  element  of  the 
verb,  is  also  in  the  Singular ;  and  that,  when  the  verb  and  the  subject 
are  in  the  Plural,  the  participle  (amati)  is  also  in  the  Plural.  The 
form  of  the  participle  also  varies  with  the  gender  of  the  subject,  as 
well  as  with  its  number.  Thus  the  participle  in  the  compound  tenses 
(i.  e.,  in  those  which  are  made  up  of  the  participle  and  the  auxiliary 
sum)  agrees  with  the  subject  in  gender,  number,  and  case,  like  an  ad- 
jective, according  to  Rule  XXXV.  1. 18.  Qnotidie.  Notice  the 

position  of  the  adverb,  directly  before  the  verb  which  it  qualifies. 

This  is  its  usual  position. 22.  Cumia  hostinm  oppida.     On  the 

order  of  these  words,  see  565,  2. 

20         50,  9.  Legions;  Indirect  Object,  in  the  Dative,  according  to  Rule 

XII.  I. 16.  Tibi;  Indirect  Object,  in  the  Dative,  in  connection 

with  the  Accusative  gratiam  with  the  transitive  verb  habemus,  ac- 
cording to  Rule  XII.  II.  In  the  arrangement  of  Objects,  the  Indirect 
generally  precedes  the  Direct,  as  in  this  sentence ;  though  the  order 
is  sometimes  reversed,  as  in  the  eighteenth  sentence  in  this  Exercise. 

22.  Philosophiae,  for  philosophy,  i.  e.,  for  philosophical  studies 

and  pursuits. 

£1         53, 13.  Habet  memoriam.  What  is  the  usual  position  of  the  Object  ? 

See  567. 16.  Omnium*     This  agrees  with  militum. Omnium  in 

.  .  .  militum.     Observe  the  arrangement  of  the  words,  making  one 

compact  expression,  lit.  of  all  in  his  army  soldiers.     See  565,  2. 

17.  Qnis.  Notice  the  position  of  the  Interrogative  at  the  beginning 
of  the  clause. 18.  Hanc*  Pronouns  thus  used  as  adjectives  gen- 
erally precede  their  nouns ;  but  the  Possessive  Pronouns,  meus,  tuus, 
etc.,  generally  follow  their  nouns,  as  in  this  Exercise. 

54,  16.  Are  silent.     Render  by  the  proper  form  of  taceo. 17. 


NOTES.  113 

PAGE 

Will  you  not?    Not  in  this  question  must  be  rendered  by  nonne,  but  21 
in  the  answer  by  non.     See  Grammar,  351,  1,  note  2,  and  552,  1. 

56,  9.  Mundnm  semper.    When  a  verb  with  a  direct  object  has  22 
also  an  adverb  qualifying  it,  the  usual  order  is  Object,  Adverb,  Verb  ; 
but  the  adverb  non,  not,  may  stand  either  before  or  after  the  object. 

20.  Virtttte;  Ablative  of  Cause,  according  to  Rule  XXII. 21. 

Mnneribns ;  Ablative  of  Means. 25.  Gloria ;  Ablative  of  Manner. 

Trinuiphavii.    The  privilege  of  entering  Rome  in  grand  triumphal 

procession  was  sometimes  awarded  to  eminent  Roman  generals  as  they 
returned  from  victory.     Triumphavit  here  refers  to  such  a  triumph. 

57,  11.  Who,  quis.     See  Grammar,  188,  II.,  1.  23 

59,  14.  A  Deo.     By  comparing  this  example  with  those  under  the 
Rule,  the  second,  for  instance,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Latin  construc- 
tion distinguishes  the  person  by  whom  anything  is  done  from  the  means 
by  which  it  is  done,  designating  the  former  by  the  Ablative  with  a  or 
ab  (a  Thebanis,  by  the  Thebans),  and  the  latter  by  the  Ablative  with- 
out a  preposition  ;  gloria,  by  glory. 

60,  11.   Let ...  be  spoken.      Render  by  the  Latin  Subjunctive.  24 
See  196,  II. 12.  By  the  Romans.    See  415,  I. 

68,  8.    A.  Galliis.    See  415,  I. 23.    Exerceatnr.     Express  27 

the  force  of  the  Subjunctive  by  let.     See  196,  II. 

71,  1.  Agrum.    See  371.     Deponent  verbs  when  active  in  signifi-  28 

cation  may  govern  the  Accusative  like  any  other  active  verb. 4. 

Hoc  fadnns.    The  object  is  here  made  emphatic  by  its  position  be- 
fore the  subject.     See  note  on  "  Puer  coronam  laudat"  (9,  12);  also 
Grammar,  561,  I. 10.  Nnntins*     Mercury  was  the  messenger  of 

the  gods. 11.  Vini  dens.     The  ancient  Romans  recognized  a  great 

number  of  gods  and  goddesses.  Almost  every  object  in  Nature  was 
under  the  special  care  of  some  one  of  these  fabulous  deities.  Bacchus 
presided  over  the  cultivation  of  the  vine,  and  was  the  god  of  festivity. 

1 3.  Habctnr,  is  regarded. 19.  Expnlsnsest;  from  expello. 

20.  Regis  pater.  Regis  refers  to  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the  fifth  king 
of  Rome. 23.  Interfecernnt ;  from  interficio. 

72,  5.  Seryins ;  Servius  Tullius,  the  sixth  king  of  Rome. Tar-  29 

qnin*,   Tarquinius  Superbus,  the  last  king  of  Rome. 7.   SdpiOJ 

Scipio  Africanus  Minor,  the  victor  in  the  third  Punic  war. 

74,  5.  Omnia.    See  441. Qnae.  See  445. Conjnneta  snnt; 

from  conjungo. 9.  Atticnm ;  Titus  Pomponius  Atticus,  celebrated 

as  a  scholar  and  as  the  intimate  friend  of  Cicero,  the  orator. 10.  3O 

Cnncta  Graecia,  all  Greece,  i.  e.,  all  parts,  whereas  iota  Graecia  means 
the  whole  of  Greece,  or  Greece  as  a  whole.  See  totam  Graeciam  be- 
low.  12.  Malornm.  This  depends  upon  mater. 20.  Fecit,  lit. 

made  ;  render  composed,  or  wrote. 


114  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

31  77,  1.  Cieeronem,  Consulem;  two  Accusatives,  denoting  the  same 

person,  depending  upon  dedaravit  according  to  Rule  VI. 4.  Nn- 

tricem  .  .  .  Siciliam.     The  ancient  Romans  annually  received  large 
supplies  of  grain  from  Sicily.     Hence  the  epithet  here  applied  to  H. 

8.  Appins  Claudius,  a  distinguished  Roman,  who  lived  about  300 

B.  C.    He  was  twice  consul,  and  once  censor. 9.  Bestiolac.  This 

refers  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemeran. 11.  Sex  Pcdes.     See 

Rule  IX. 13.  Rediit  5  from  redeo,  295,  3. 

32  80,   3.  Pugnae  .  .  .  Saliminem.      This  was  the  famous  victory 

gained,  480  B.  C.,  by  the  Greeks  over  the  Persians. 4.  Virtutem 

diYitiis.     See  386,  1. Praefer.     See  292. 15.  Gloriac;   Geni- 
tive depending  upon  avidi.    See  Rule  XVII. 18.  Quam  veritatis. 

Veriiatis  in  the   Genitive   after  quam,  corresponds  to  the  Genitive 
contentionis  before  quam.     See  417,  1. 

81,  1.  Against  the  Romans.     Render  by  the  Dative.     386,  1. 

33  83,  1.  Bencficiis,  Ablative  of  Cause. 4.  Vi  snmrna,  Ablative 

of  Manner. Couimiscrnnt 5  from   committo. 5.  Maxima;  from 

Magnus.     See  165.— — 6.  Studio,  Ablative  of  Means. 7.  Pisces; 

supply  capiuntur. 9.  Sacra,  sacred  rites.     King  Numa  was  the  re- 

3-1  puted  founder  of  the  early  religious  institutions  of  Rome. 12. 

Yiginti  talentis,  twenty  talents,  more  than  $20,000,  a  high  price  for  an 
oration,  but  the  purchaser  was  a  wealthy  king,  and  the  author  one  of 
the  most  finished  of  the  Attic  orators. 14.  Luce,  Ablative  depend- 
ing upon  the  comparative  dulcius.  See  417. 16.  Quam  Koran! us. 

See  417,  I. 17.  Honestatem,  Accusative  corresponding  to  nihil  the 

object  of  habet. 18.  Mnlto,  Ablative  of  Difference. 19.  Major, 

lit.  greater  ;  render  older. 

84,  1.  For  his  wisdom.     Render  by  the  Ablative  of  Cause. 2. 

In  their  wealth.    Render  by  the  Ablative. 7.  For  gold.    Use  the 

Ablative  to  denote  Price. 10.    Of  his  wealth.     Render  by  the 

Ablative.     See  Superbi  bonitate  agrorum  above  (83,  3). 

35         86,  6.  Romae.     Observe  that  this  is  not  a  Genitive  meaning  of 

Rome,  but  a  Locative  meaning  at  Home.     See  435,  II.,  and  45,  2. 

7.  Obiit  5  from  obeo.    See  295,  3. 14.  Erga  parentes,  pietas  —jus- 

titia  erga  parentes  pietas  dicitur. 17.  De  Hannibale,  over  Hannibal. 

Construe  with  victoriam. Africanus  5  so  called  because  of  his  great 

victory  at  Zama  in  Africa. 

87,  2.     In  Corinth.     Use  the  Locative.     See  425,  II.,  and  51,  8. 

— —12.  To  me,  ad  me. 14.  Of  itself,  per  se. 17.  In  the  reign 

of  incus  Marcins.    Use  the  Ablative  Absolute. 

30         89,  3.  Abomniparte;  lit.  from  every  part-,  render,  in  all  respects. 

6.  Fugicnda  sent.     For  agreement  of  participle  with  the  subject, 

see  460,  1,  and  439,  3. 9.  Est.     The  subject  is  the  pronoun  is,  the 


NOTES.  115 

PAGE 

omitted  antecedent  of  qui. Qni.    See  445,  6. 13.  Nos  ipsi.     Nos  S6 

is  the  object  of  consolamur,  while  ipsi  agrees  with  the  omitted  subject. 

17.  Pepcri ;  from  pario,  271, 1. 19.  Ex  eqnis,  lit.  from  horses  ; 

render  on  horseback. Pugnayernnt.    For  agreement  with  compound 

subject,  see  463,  II. 

92,  3.  Lycurgi  leges.     Lycurgus  was  the  great  Spartan  law-giver.  3? 
His  laws  contributed  much  to  the  prosperity  and  greatness  of  Sparta. 

4.  Aurcornm  annnlornm.     The  wearing  of  gold  rings  was  one  of 

the  special  privileges  of  senators  and  knights. Mauibus*     See  431, 

1. 5.  Imitenmr ;  Subjunctive  of  Desire,  483. 7.  Anteponatur. 

For  agreement  with  compound  subject,  see  463,  I. 8.  Ciuciima- 

tnsn.  Cincinnatus,  who  was  thus  summoned  from  the  plough  to  the 
dictatorship  in  an  hour  of  great  national  peril,  acted  with  such  re- 
markable promptness  and  energy,  that  in  a  few  days  he  conquered 
the  enemy,  entered  Rome  in  triumph,  and  was  rewarded  with  a  golden 
crown.  He  then  quietly  resigned  his  dictatorship  and  returned  to  his 

farm. lit  esset ;  Subjunctive  of  Purpose,  showing  the  purpose  of 

the  action  denoted  by  abduxerunt. Dictator.     See  note  on  "  Cum 

honore  dictators"  (178). 10.  lit .  .  .  diligamas.     Subjunctive  of 

Result.  For  the  rendering  of  the  Subjunctive,  see  Suggestion  XXI V., 
2,  5). 11.  Ne quidem.  See  569,  III.,  2. 

93,  8.  That .  .  .  may  be  praised.    Use  the  Subjunctive  to  denote  3§ 
Purpose. 

95,  1.  Qnact&s  .  .  .  habeat ;  an  Indirect  Question ;  hence  the  Sub- 
junctive habeat.     The  direct  question  would  be  :   Quantas  vires  virtus 

liabet?      2.  Tautens,  only. 5.   Unus,  one,  viz.,  Demosthenes. 6. 

Nunnulli,  not  none,  i.  e.,  some,  553,  1. Casune ;    casu  with  the  in- 
terrogative enclitic  ne  appended. 7.  Salvusne  .  .  .  dip  ess.     This 

was  his  question  when  mortally  wounded  at  Mantinea.    Ancient  war- 
riors took  special  pride  in  preserving  their  shields. 9.  Patres  COU-  39 

script  i,  conscript  fathers,  often  used  in  addressing  the  Roman  senate. 
11.  Dorminnt;  supply  pronoun  referring  to  virtutes,  they. 

12.  Militiae  smnmain  jns,  the  supreme  control  of  military  affairs. 

13.  Quani  primnni,  as  soon  as  possible,  444,  3. 

96,  2.  What  he  said,  quid  dixerit.     The  direct  question  was  quid 
dixit  ?    But  when  the  question  was  made  dependent  or  indirect,  the 
verb  was  put  in  the  Subjunctive  according  to  Rule  XLV.     In  this  ex- 
ercise the  pupil  should  change  each  indirect  question  to  the  direct 
form. 8.  To  read.      This  expresses  purpose,  and  accordingly  re- 
quires the  Subjunctive. 

98,  1.  Yirnm  boonm  esse.     This  clause  as  a  whole  is  the  subject  4O 
of  est.     Utile,  as  predicate  adjective,  agrees  with  this  clause  as  sub- 
ject.    See  438,  3.     The  subject  of  esse  is  omitted  because  indefinite  ; 


116  LATIN    KEADER. 

PAGE 

49  aliquem  might  be  supplied. 4.  Positam  esse  $  from  pono. 5.  Lec- 

titavisse  .  .  .  Demosthenes  dicitnr.  The  personal  construction  for  the 
impersonal.  See  534, 1,  note  1. — 6.  Cnpidnm  5  Ace.  Masc.  Sing,  agree- 
ing with  aliquem,  any  one,  the  omitted  subject  of  esse. 8.  Lycnrgi 

tcmporibns.     This  was  in  the  ninth  century  B.  C. 11.  Iterre  la- 

borem ;  object  of  docet. 14.  Didicernnt ;  from  disco. 

99,  2.  That  good  citizens  .  .  .  laws.  Use  the  Accusative  and  In- 
finitive. In  English,  the  sentence,  Good  citizens  obey  the  laws,  is  made 
dependent  by  placing  that  before  it,  but  in  Latin  the  subject  of  the 
sentence  is  put  in  the  Accusative,  and  the  verb  in  the  Infinitive.  A 
sentence  thus  made  dependent  is  said  to  be  in  the  Indirect  Discourse. 
See  522. 


FABLES. 

41  100.  PraeterenntS ;  Dative  Sing.  Part,  of  praetereo,  295,  3. In- 

quit  5  the  object  is  the  clause,  or  sentence,   "  Non  ....  maledixit," 
371,  IV. 

101.  Orto;  from  orior. Quantum  boni?  lit.  how  much  of  a  good, 

thing  ;  render,    how  much  goody  397,  3.      Both  adjectives  are  here 
used  substantively,  441,  2. 

42  102.  Coepit,  slie  (the  woman)  began. Ulam,  that  she,  i.  e.  the 

hen. Minores ;  supply  divitias. Perdidit ;  from  perdo. 

103.  Deprehcnsus;  from  deprehendo. Mehercnle  5  lit.  by  Hercu- 
les ;  render,  indeed,  556,  557. 

104.  Snbsiliit;  from  subsilio. Si posset  5  if  perchance  she 

might  be  able,  i.  e.  to  ascertain  whether  she  might,  a  dependent  question, 

629,  1. Acerbae  SUnt  5  they  are  sour,  agreeing  with  uvae  understood. 

Repertas;   from  reperio. Quae;    depends  upon  assequi. 

Qaae desperent;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

105.  Inhaeserat  5  from  inhaereo. Qui  extrahat ;  lit.  who  may 

remove  it  ;  render,  tJiat  he  may  remove  it,  or  to  remove  it,  XXIV.  3,  2). 
Doc,  this,  i.  e.  the  removal  of  the  bone. Qnnm  ....  postnlaret ) 

43  XXIV.  2,  1). Videtnr ;  the  subject  is  the  clause,  quod  ....  extrax- 

isti. Extraxisti ;  from  cxtraho. 

106.  Propter  hoc  ipsnm,  on  account  of  th'is  very  thing,  or  for  this 
very  reason. Qnam,  though. Eos  £  supply  esse  puniendos. 

107.  Quum seatiret;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ft  fieri  solet,  as  is 

wont  to  happen.     Solet  is  used  impersonally. Qnibns  allatis,  which 


NOTES.  117 

PAGfe 

having  been  brought,  i.  e.  when  these  were  brought,  431,  2. Qnibns;  43 

see  453. Allatis ;  from  affero,  292,  2. Quod  \  which,  or  this,  i.  e. 

the  breaking  of  the  bundle  of  rods  ;  it  refers  to  the  clause,  ut .  .  .  .fran- 
gerent. Imbecillis ;  supply  res  esset  from  the  preceding  clause. 

108.  Qnomodo,  how,  i.  e.  to  determine  how. Propositis ;  from 

propdno. Posse ;  depends  upon  a  verb  of  saying  understood  ;  for  44 

thus,  they  said,  they  would  be  able,  etc.,  523, 1. JVemo  repertus  estj 

no  one  was  found,  i.  e.  who  would  do  it. Repertus  est  5  from  reperio. 

109.  Unas ;  supply  residlbat. Orta  5  from  orior. Qanm 

desperarent,  while  all  despaired,  etc., 521,11.2. Interrogat.  The  two 

objects  are gubernatorem,  and  the  clause,  utram  ....  existimaret,  374. 

Submersed  iri  I  Fut.  Pass.  Infin.  of  submergo,  would  be  submerged, 

would  go  down. Proram.     The  full  form  would  be:  Proram  prius 

submersum  iri  existimo. Hie  *  supply  dixit,  368,  3. Quoin  .... 

siia  5  XXIV.  2,  1). Adspectnrus  sim $  from  adspido. 

110.  Ilia,  she,  i.  e.  the  tortoise. Se  volucrem  facere,  to  make  her 

winged,  i.  e.  to  teach  her  to  fly. irreptam ;  from  arripio,  agrees 

with  illam :  the  e.agle  carried  her,  seized  in  his  talons=se\zed  her  in  his 

talons  and  carried  her ;    XX.  5 ;   549,  5. Snstnlit ;   from  tollo. 

In  sublime,  on  high. 

111.  2.  By  the  trumpeter.    Will  you  use  the  Ablative  of  Means  45 

or  the  Ablative  of  Agent?     See  420  and  415.  I. 4.  Let  us  not 

despair.    Use  the  Subjunctive  of  Desire. JVot,  ne.    See  483,  3. 


ANECDOTES. 

112.  Sciebam  ....  mortalem;  object  of  ^m6-se,371,IV. — Gen- 
Uisse  ;  from  gigno. Mortalem  ;  agrees  with  eum  understood. 

113.  Quod,   that  which.     The  full  form  would  be,   Deus  est  id 
quod,  etc. 

114.  Se  ipsnm  nosse ;  supply  difficile  est. Nosse;  fornovisse. 

115.  Spes  ;  supply  communis  est,  etc. Q^i)  supply  habent. 

116.  Deus;  supply^,  etc. 

117.  In  pompa.     In  the  sacred  processions,  so  common  at  the  reli-  46 
gious  festivals  at  Athens,  the  consecrated  vessels  of  gold  and  silver 
were  often  displayed. 

118.  Seire  ....  nibil,  that  be  knew  nothing. 

119.  Seipio  Africanns.     This  is  the  celebrated  Roman  general  who 
conquered  Hannibal  at  Zama.     See  below  (196)  and  note  on  "  Africa* 
»IM"  (196). Antcquani prccatus  essct;  XXIV.  2,  1). 


LATIN   HEADER. 

PAGE 

46  120.  GentiS  Corneliae.    This  was  the  gens  to  which  Scipio  belonged 

Jnssit;  from  jubeo. Res  gestas,  lit.  things  done,  i.  e.  deeds, 

achievements.     Gestas,  participle  from  gero. 

121.  Plus  CSSC,  that  it,  i.  e.  the  talent,  was  more. Qnod,  that 

which  ;  supply  id. 

122.  Se  .  .  .  .  habcre,   that  he  had  thirty  years,   i.  e.  was  thirty 
years  old. 

123.  Qnae    conarentnr;    XXIV.  2,  4). QaaesiYerunt  5    from 

quaero. 

47  124.  Scripsisset;    from  scribo. Cape;    supply   ea,    them,  i.  e. 

arms  (arma). 

125.  QHUEI dixisset ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Jfos  ;  supply  mmus. 

126.  Prae  ....  Eraltitndine,  because  of  the  multitude. 

127.  Est  propositnm  5  from  projjono. 

128.  Solon  5  the  great  law-giver  of  Athens. Cur  ....  constitnis- 

set;  XXIV.  2,  2). 

129.  Sajrientem  5  this  agrees  with  rem,  and  stultam,  with  rem  un- 
derstood.  Sapiens  5  supply  es. 

130.  Quos  5  those  which  ;  supply  cos. 

f§         131.  Ipsi;  refers  to  Cornelia.; Traxit;  from  traho  ;  detained. 

Donee redirect  5  XXIV.  2,  1). Haec,  these,  i.  e.  the  chil- 
dren. It  is  attracted  from  hi  to  haec,  to  agree  with  the  Pred.  Noun, 
ornamenta,  445,  4. 

132.  Fernnt,  they  report,  say.    For  the  omission  of  the  subject,  see 

368,  2. OMvionis  ;    supply  artem. Qaae,  those  things  ivhich  ; 

supply  ea. 

133.  Bono  viro  panperi,  lit.  to  a  good  poor  man  ;  render,  to  a  good 

man  who  was  poor,  442. Minns  probato  diviti  5  to  one  less  upright, 

who  was  rich. Filiam  5    a  daughter,  not  hzs  daughter. Yirnm. 

Vir  means  man  in  the  noblest  sense  of  the  word,  the  true  man. 

Qaae ;  supply  egeat. 

134.  Aehilles,  Homcrns.     The  former  is  the  hero  of  the  Iliad,  the 

latter,  its  author. Olympico  certaniine,  the  Olympic  contest.    The 

Olympic  Games  were  celebrated  once  in  four  years  at  Olympia  in  Elis, 
and  were  the  most  famous  games  in  Greece.      To  be  crowned  victor  at 
these  games  was  a  coveted  honor,  while  the  herald  had  but  an  humble 
office. 

135.  Profectns;  from  proficiscor. Qnnm  Yideret  5  XXIV.  2,  1), 

Egrederetur  5  from  egredior. 

id  136.  Tyrannornm  dominatione*  This  refers  to  the  oppressive  rule 
of  the  Thirty  Tyrants  appointed  over  Athens  by  the  Spartans.  See 
below  (228).  The  city  was  liberated  from  them  by  the  heroism  of 
Thrasybulus. Qnantas  gratias,  t&ufas=tantas  gratias,  quantas. 


NOTES.  13  9 

PAGE 

137.  Proposnit;   from   prop&no. Qni  inycnisset,  who  should  49 

discover.     The  Pluperfect  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  discovery 
must  precede  the  giving  of  the  reward. 

138.  Id,  that,  i.  e.  what  he  intended  to  do. 

139.  Is,  he,  i.  e.  the  friend. Per  . . .  indignationem,  with  (lit. 

through)  the  greatest  indignation. Quid  Elihi  tna  $  supply  opus  est 

amicitid  from  the  preceding  question.     Tud  agrees  with  amicitia  to  be 
thus  supplied. 

140.  Philippo.     This  is  Philip,  king  of  Macedonia, 

141.  Titns  amor  .  .  .  Iranian!.    Titus  was  the  most  beloved  of  the  5O 

Roman  Emperors. Qnod  nihil  praestitisset,  that  he  had  rendered  no 

service.    The  Subjunctive  implies  that  this  fact  was  the  reason  which 

the  writer  would  give  on  the  authority  of  Titus  for  the  exclamation, 

Amid  ....  perdidi.     See  516,  II. Praestitisset  $  from  praesto. 

Edidit ;  from  edo. 

142.  Cecidisse;  fromcado. Cognovit;  from  cognosco. Coro- 

nam.     Crowns,  or  wreaths,  were  often  worn  by  the  ancient  Romans  on 

sacred  and  festive  occasions.- Deposnit ;  from  depdno. Volnpta- 

tem ;  depends  upon  sentire. 

143.  In  Ind.  OK  Vietores.    See  note  on  "  Olympico  certamtne  " 

(134). Affect  us  est;  from  afficio. Stadio,  race-course.      Races 

formed  a  prominent  feature  hi  the  Olympic  contests. 

144.  Progrcssus  $  from  progredior. Fairalas,  fables  ;  here  tra- 
gedies.  Ut . .  .  doceret.    This  implies  that  he  aimed  to  instruct, 

rather  than  to  please  the  people. 

145.  Praesidibns,  the  presidents,  or  governors,  i.  e.  of  the  provinces.  51 

Praesidibus  depends  upon  rescripsit. Onerandas ;  supply  esse.   See 

232. Vicem  eornni,  their  fate. Heetorem,  Hector,  the  most  fa- 
mous Trojan  warrior. Efflnxcrant ;  this  agrees  with  anni. Pins 

qnam  niillc,  more  than  a  thousand  years.  Plus,  when  thus  introduced, 
has  no  effect  upon  the  construction  ;  otherwise  we  might  expect  the 
verb  effluxerant  to  be  put  in  the  singular.  See  417,  1,  note  2. 

146.  Qnaesivisset ;  from  quaero. Idem,  the  same  thing,  i.  e.  the 

same  question. Petivit,  he,  i.  e.  Simonides,  asked.     Duplicaret  be- 
low has  the  same  subject. Qaanto   dintins — tanto  obscurior,  the 

longer — the  more  obscure.     Quanto — tanto,  lit.  by  as  much  as — by  so 
much,  is  often  best  rendered  before  comparatives,  the— the,  XXVI.  5. 

147,  2.  It  is  easy  ....  another.     Latin  idiom :  To  admonish  an- 
other is  easy.    See  538. 5.  That  his  son  ....  bravely.    Use  the 

Accusative  with  the  Infinitive.    This  is  Indirect  Discourse.    The  Direct 
would  be  :  His  son  had  fought  bravely.    Translate  this  into  Latin  and 
compare  it,  thus  rendered,  with  the  Latin  of  the  Indirect  Discourse. 
11.  With  our  books.    See  421,  III. 

9 


LATIN   EEADEE. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


52  148.  In  Italiam.    What  construction  would  be  used  with  the  name 
of  a  town  ?  380.  -  Janiculo  :   a  hill  on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber, 
not  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  though  included  within  the  wall 
built  by  Aurelian  hi  the  third  century. 

149.  Troja  .  .  .  eversa  cst.  This  refers  to  the  famous  Trojan  war, 
said  to  have  taken  place  in  the  twelfth  century  B.  C.  -  Eversa  est  ; 
from  everto.  -  Elinc,  hence,  i.  e.  from  Troy.  -  Pepereerat;  from 
parco.  -  Ei  benigne  recepto  .  .  .  dedit,  lit.  gave  to  him  kindly  re- 
ceived :  render,  received  him  kindly  and  gave,  549,  5.  -  Laii- 
nium  ;  a  town  in  Latium  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome. 

53  150.  Msiite  Albano.    Mount  Albanus  is  about  16  miles  southeast  of 
Rome.  -  Earn,  him,  i.  c.  Ascanius.  -  Genitus  erat  5  imomgigno.  - 
Ijiis.     For  whom  does  this  pronoun  stand  ? 

151.  Minor  nata;  lit.  smaller  in  respect  to  birth,  or  age:  render, 
younger.  -  Bona,  lit.  good  things—  goods,  property. 

152.  Vestalcm  virgincm.    The  Vestal  Virgins  were  the  priestesses 
of  the  goddess  Vesta  :  they  ministered  in  her  temple,  and,  by  turns, 
watched  the  perpetual  fire  upon  her  altars  night  and  day.      They  were 

.bound  by  an  oath  of  chastity,  whose  violation  was  punished  by  death. 

-  Yiro  ;  indirect  object  after  nubere,  to  marry=fo  veil  one^s  self 
for,  in  allusion  to  the  custom  of  the  bride's  wearing  the  veil  at  the 
marriage  ceremony.  -  Pepcrit  $  from  pario.  -  Hoc,  this,  i.  e.  the 
fact  spoken  of  in  the  preceding  sentence.  -  Qnnin  ....  comperisset. 
XXIV.  2,  1).  -  Comperissct  ;  from  comperio. 

153.  EMerat;    from   effundo.  -  Qnnm  .  .  .  .  essent   positi; 
XXIV.  2,  1).  -  Essent  positi;  from  pono.  -  Sicco  ;  supply  loco. 

64  154.  Sic,  thus,  i.  e.  as  explained  above.  -  Transegerunt  ;  from 
transigo.  -  Qnnm  adolevisscnt  .  .  .  comperissent  ;  XXIV.  2,  1).  - 
idoleyissent  ;  from  adolcsco.  -  Qnis  ;  subject  of  fuisset  understood. 

-  Qnae  .  .  .  fcisset  ;   XXIV.  2,  2).  -  Ayentino  ;   one  of  the  seven 
hills  of  Rome.     According  to  the  best  authority,  Romulus  founded  his 
city  not  on  the  Aventine  as  here  stated,  but  on  the  Palatine,  which 
stands  a  little  to  the    north  of  it.  -  Qnnm  ....  circnmdaretnr, 
XXIV.  2,  1). 

155.  Asylntn*  This  was  a  place  of  refuge  where  exiles  and  even 
criminals  might  obtain  shelter  and  protection.  -  Qnnm  ....  yenis- 
sent  5  XXIV.  2,  1).  -  Inter  ipsos  ludos,  in  the  midst  of  the  very  games. 


NOTES.  121 

PAGE 

156.  Qanm  .  . .  appropinquarent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). In  Tarpeiam  54 

. .  .  inciderimt.     They  fell  in  with,  or  met  Tarpeia,  etc. Annnlos 

....  armillas.    Rings  and  bracelets  were  often  awarded  to  soldiers 
who  had  distinguished  themselves  in  battle. 

157.  Tarpeiam.     This  was  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome:  it  was  55 

also  called  Capitolinus.     The  Capitol  was  built  upon  it. Forum 

Romannm.     This  was  an  open  space  in  the  form  of  an  irregular  quad- 
rangle between  the  Palatine  and  Capitoline  Hills.     In  this  were  held 

ufae  great  public  meetings  of  the  Roman  people. In  media  caede,  in 

the  midst  of  the  slaughter,  440,  2,  note  1. Raptae ;    supply 

w.ulieres. Hinc  ....  hinc,  on  the  one  side  .  .  . .  on  the  other. 

Foedns  icit,  made  a  compact.  Ico,  lit.  to  strike,  has  reference 
to  striking  and  slaying  the  victim  in  ratification  of  treaties,  com- 
pacts, etc. In  urbem  recepit,  lit.  received  into  the  city :  the 

meaning  is,  he  received  them  into  full  citizenship. 

158.  Descripsit;   from  describo. Qnnm  ....  tnm,  not  only 

.  ...  but  also. Qanm  ....  Instraret ;  XXIV.  2, 1).    Lustraret, 

reviewed,  lit.  purified,  as  there  were  certain  ceremonies  appointed  for 

the  review  of  a  Roman  army. Ortain  5  from  orior. Interfeetum ; 

from  interficio.     Supply  esse. 

159.  Interregnum.    This  was  the  interval  between  the  death  of 
one  king  and  the  accession  of  his  successor  to  the  throne.    In  this  in- 
stance the  government  was  administered  by  the  senate. Elapso ; 

from  elabor. Natns  5  from  nascor. Gessit ;    from  gero. Ege- 

riae  monitn  .  .  .  dicebat.     This  was  the  device  of  Numa  to  give  sanc- 
tity to  his  institutions,  as  Egeria  was  a  goddess. Morbo  decessit,  lit. 

died  from  disease,  i.  e.  died  a  natural  death. 

160.  Sncccssit;  from  succedo. Praestiterat ;  from  praesto. 56 

Horatiornm  et  Cnriatiornm.    After  the  necessary  preparations  for  hos- 
tilities had  been  made  both  by  the  Albans  and  the  Romans,  and  the 
two  armies  were  already  drawn  up  face  to  face,  it  was  agreed  to  decide 

the  question  of  supremacy  by  a  combat  between  the  three  brothers,  the 
Horatii,  on  the  part  of  the  Romans,  and  the  three  Curiatii,  also  broth- 
ers, on  the  part  of  the  Albans.  The  Curiatii  were  all  slain ;  one  of 
the  Horatii  survived  ;  his  victory  therefore  decided  the  question  in 

favor  of  Rome.     See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Perfidiam  Metii  Suffetii. 

Metius  Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans,  having  been  summoned  by  the 
Romans  to  aid  them  against  the  Veientines,  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
vary  moment  of  battle,  and  awaited  the  issue  of  the  engagement.  For 
Uiis  perfidy  he  was  put  to  death,  and  Alba  was  razed  to  the  ground. 
See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Home. Aunii.  What  is  the  common  construc- 
tion for  duration  of  time  ?  379. 

161.  Nova  ei  moenia  circnmdedit.     The  same  thought  may  be  ex- 


122  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

56   pressed  thus:  Novis  earn  moembus  circumdZdit ;  in  which  e am  is  the 

direct  object,  and  moembus,  the  ablative  of  means.     384,  II.  2. 

Moi'bo  Obiit.     Compare  morbo  decessit  (159). 

162.  Qni Tarquiniis  accepit.    He  was  called  Tarquinius  from 

the  city  Tarquinii  in  Etruria,  where  he  lived  many  years. 

ft 7         163.  Minorum  gentium,  supply  patres,  or  senatores. Nee  paucos, 

lit.  nor  a  'few  ;  render,  and  not  a  few. Ademptos,  from  adimo. 

TriampbanSj  triumphing=in  triumph.  The  honor  of  entering  Rome 
with  an  imposing  triumphal  procession  was,  in  later  times,  often  award- 
ed to  victorious  generals. Capitolinm*  The  term  Capitol  was  some- 
times applied  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes  to  the  whole 

Capitoline  Hill,  including  both  the  temple  and  the  citadel. Per  And 

filios.  What  is  the  usual  construction  for  the  agent  after  passive 
verbs  ?  415,  I. 

164.  Genitns ;  from  gigno. Adolevisset ;  from  adolesco. 

165.  Tanaquil . . .  dieens,  regem  . . .  obediret.    This  was  the  de- 
vice which  Tanaquil,  the  widow  of  the  murdered  Tarquin,  employed  to 
place  her  son-in-law,  Servius  Tullius,  upon  the  throne.    Her  success  was 
complete. Dieens.    What  is  the  direct  object  of  this  transitive  par- 
ticiple? 371, iv. — Convalnisset ;  from  convalesco. Blontes  tres.    The 

Viminal,  Esquilme,  and  Coelian  Hills  are  undoubtedly  meant,  though 
the  Coelian  was  probably  added  under  the  reign  of  Ancus  Marcius.  The 
other  four  of  the  seven  hills,  the  Palatine,  Capitoline,  Quirinal,  and 

Aventine,  were  already  occupied. Censnm.    The  census  was  taken 

every  five  years  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  number  of  citizens, 
the  amount  of  property,  etc. In  agris,  in  the  fields,  i.  e.  in  the  coun- 
try, or  territory  about  Rome. 

166.  Interfectns    est$    from   inter jido. Qnum  .  .  .  rediret; 

XXIV,  2,  1). 

167.  Cognomen     .  .  merait;  he  was  called  Superbus,  because  hia 

character  deserved  the  title. Moribcs;    observe  the  difference  of 

meaning  between  the  singular  and  the  plural,  132. 

5§       168,  1.  Saturnia,  an  ancient  citadel  on  the  Capitoline  Hill,  the 

fabled  beginning  of  Rome. 2.  Ascanins,  the  son  of  Aeneas,  and 

founder  of  the  city  of  Alba  Longa  in  Italy. 5.  That  he  founded  a 

citjt  In  the  Direct  Discourse  this  would  be  :  He  founded  a  city,  in 
the  Latin,  urbem  condidit.  Observe  the  change  which  takes  place, 
both  in  the  English  and  in  the  Latin,  in  passing  from  the  Direct  to 
the  Indirect  Discourse. 

169.  Consnles.     The  consuls  were  joint  presidents  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth,  with  all  the  power  and  most  of  the  insignia  of  office 

which  the  kings  had  assumed. Annnnm,  for  one  year. In  ejus 

loennij  lit.  into  his  place :  render,  in  his  place. 


NOTES.  123 

PAGE 

170.  Sesc  inyicem,  lit.  themselves  in  turn  ;  render,  each  other. 59 

tnxcrnnt;  from  lugeo. Quinqne  consules*    One  consul  had  been 

deprived  of  his  office  during  the  year,  one  had  been  slain  in  battle,  and 
another  had  died. 

171.  Horatins  ....  esset.     This  achievement  of  Horatius  Codes, 
and  that  of  Mucius  Scaevola,  mentioned  below  (172),  became  famous  in 
the  annals  of  Rome.     They  have  been  celebrated  in  prose  and  verse. 

See  Macaulay's  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome. Donee  .  .  .  rnptns  essetj 

XXIV.  2,  1). Id  SUOS)  to  his  friends,  companions. 

172.  Castra;  observe  difference   of  meaning  between  the  singu- 
lar and  the  plural.     132. Scribam  pro  rege.     He  mistook  the  secre- 
tary for  the  king. Terreret,  endeavored  to  terrify.    469,   1. 

Donee  ....  consmnpta  esset.     XXIV.  2,  1). Consennit;  from  6O 

consenesco. 

173.  Exactos;   from  exigo. Questns  \    from  queror. Qnod 

....  exhanriretur ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Seeessit;  from  secedo. Pa- 

trcs,  senators,  see  above  (158). Qui ....  conciliaret;  XXIV.  3,  2). 

Tribimi  pleMs.    The  tribunes  were  at  first  two  in  number,  then 

five,  and  finally  ten.     Their  persons  were  sacred  and  they  were  clothed 
with  great  power.     They  might  at  any  time,  by  their  power  of  veto,  ar- 
rest the  action  of  the  magistrates,  or  even  of  the  senate. 

174.  Milliarinm  nrbis,  lit.  milestone  of  the  city  ;  render,  milestone 
from  the  city.     The  Roman  roads  were  furnished  with  milestones  mark- 
ing the  distance  from  the  city. 

175.  Duce  Fabio  eonsnle,  lit.  Fabius  the   consul  (being)  leader ;   61 

render,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  the  consul. Qnnm  .  .  .  .  vi- 

cissent,  XXIV.  2, 1). Pellexissent  5  frompellitio. Exorto;  from 

exorior. Perienrat ;    from  pereo. Potnerat  5  from  possum. 

Prudent!  cnnctatione,  by  prudent  delay.    Fabius,  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  deliberately  adopted  the  policy  of  weakening  Hannibal  by  delay,  \.  e. 

by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.  His  policy  was  entirely  successful. 

176.  In  CO  erant,  at  ....  emcrent,  they  were  in  this,  i.  e.  in  such 
a  condition,  that  they  would  purchase  ;  the  meaning  is,  they  were  on  (he 
point  of  purchasing. 

177.  Magnitndine*  What  other  case  might  have  been  used  ?  396,  V. 

Provocavit,  challenged. -Bine,  hence,  i.  e.  from  the  fact  of  taking  62 

the  torquis  and  adorning  himself  with  it.     Torquati  is  derived  from 
torquis. 

178.  Cmn  honore  dictatoris,  with  the  rank  of  dictator.     The  dictator 
was  appointed  only  in  times  of  great  danger,  and  was  invested  with  al- 
most unlimited  power  for  a  period  of  six  months. ftlagistro  eqnitum. 

This  is  the  title  of  an  officer  always  appointed  in  connection  with  the 
dictator,  or  by  him. Occasioned  naetns,  taking  advantage  of  a  fa- 


124  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

<62   vordble  opportunity. Nactus  \  from  nanciscor. -€apiti59  lit.  of  tht 

head  ;  render,  to  death. 

179.  Post,  afterwards. Quid  ....  pntaret;  XXIV.  2,  2). 

63  Respondit.    What  is  the  direct  object?  371,  IV. Dimittendos 5 

supply  esse. Sub  jugnm.  The  yoke  was  thus  used  as  the  sym- 
bol of  submission  and  servitude  ;  it  consisted  of  a  spear  supported 
horizontally  by  two  others  placed  in  an  upright  position. 

180.  Qula  ....  fecissent.    If  this  reason  had  been  given  on  the 
authority  of  the  narrator,  the  indicative  would  have  been  used.    The 
subjunctive  implies  that  this  was  the  reason  then  alleged  for  waging  the 
war.    See  516,  II. Primum  .  .  .  transmarino  hoste.     Their  pre- 
vious wars  had  been  waged  with  various  nations  in  Italy  and  Gaul. 

Qnum  ....  cepissct;  XXIV.  2,  1). — -Qaaecuaque  ....  ageren- 
tnr;  XXIV.  2,  3). 

181.  Auxilio  clepliantornra.     The  Eomans  had  never  before  met 
elephants  in  battle,  and  indeed  were  unacquainted  with  the  animal.  The 
battle  was  fought  in  Lucania ;  accordingly  the  Romans  called  the  ele- 
phants Lucanian  oxen,  bovcs  Lucae. Per  noctem,  during  the  night. 

Adversis  vulneribns,  with  wounds  in  front:  it  was  a  disgrace  to 

receive  a  wound  in  the  back. Etiam  mortnos,  even  in  death. Ego 

....  SuWgercm  ;  in  apposition  with  voce. 

182.  Perrexit ;  from  per  go. Octavo  decimo*     What  other  ibrm 

f*4   of  this  numeral  is  common?  174. Be  captivis  redimendis;  lit.  con- 
cerning captives  to  be  ransomed :  the  meaning  is,  to  treat  concerning 

the  ransoming  of  captives. Fabi  ieinm*    Fabricius  was  celebrated  for 

his  integrity. Ut  ....  promitteret ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Coatemptus 

CSt ;  from  contemno. 

183.  Qunm  ....  teneretur ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Qui  .  .  .  pcterct, 

lit.  who  should  seek :  render,  that  he  might  ask,  or  to  ask  ;  XXIV.  3, 
2). Ut  Pyrrlms  .  .  .  rctineret.      This  clause  expresses  the  con- 
dition on  which  Cineas  was  to  ask  peace,  and  may  accordingly  be  re- 
garded as  in  apposition  with  conditione.  501,  III. Ex  Italia*    What 

construction  would  be  used,  if  the  name  of  a  town  should  be  substituted 

here?  412,  II. Rediissct;  from  redeo,  295,  3. Pyrrho;  indirect 

object  of  respondit ;  the  direct  object  is  the  clause,  se  regum  patriam 

vidisse.    550. Qualis  ....  visa  esset.    XXIV.  2,  2). Altero, 

second. Interfecti  5  supply  sunt. 

184, 1.  What  ?    Which  interrogative  should  be  used,  quid  or  quod? 

See  188,  1. 2.  What  ought  to  be  doiic.     This  clause,  standing 

here  in  the  Indirect  Discourse,  has  in  English  precisely  the  same  form 
as  in  the  Direct,  but  in  Latin  it  takes  the  Indicative  Mood  in  the  Di- 
rect Discourse,  and  the  Subjunctive  in  the  Indirect. 
65         185.  Pest  urbem  conditam,  lit.  after  the  city  built ;  render,  after  the 


NOTES. 

PAG2 

luihling  of  the  city,  580.     Rome,  the  city  here  spoken  of,  is  said  to  65 

have  been  founded  753  B.  C. Prim  am  .  .  .  dimicaTerant.     This 

was  the  first  naval  engagement  of  the  Romans.     Their  previous  wars 

had  been  waged  only  on  land. Dnillio  .  .  .  consnlibns.    The  date 

of  an  event  was  generally  denoted  by  the  names  of  the  two  consuls  for 
that  year ;  in  the  consulship  of  Duillius  and  Asina,  lit.  Duillius,  Asina, 
consuls,  or  being  consuls.  These  names  are  thus  put  in  the  Ablative 
Absolute,  generally  without  the  connective  et. Mersit  5  from  merao. 

186.  Panels  .  .  .  interjectis,  lit.  a  few  years  having  been  thrown 
between  ;  render,  after  a  few  years  had  intervened,  or  after  an  interval 

of  a  few  years,  431,  2. Est  translatnm ;  from  transfer o. Scxa- 

giuta  qnattuor*     May  quattuor  stand  before  sexaginta  ?    If  so,  would  ct 

be  expressed,    or  omitted  ?    174,   foot-note. Yiginti  duas ;  supply 

na-ves. Amiscrunt ;  fromamitto. Qnimi  .  .  .  venisscnt;  XXIV. 

2,  1). In  fidcsn  aceepcrnnt,  received  under  their  protection,  though 

as  subject  states. Captns ;  supply  cst  from  next  clause.    See  also  66 

XXVI.  4. Conjeftns  cst ;  from  conjicio. 

187.  Favit.  How  is  the  Perfect  of  this  verb  formed  ?  2G6.  How 

is  the  Perfect  regularly  formed  in  the  second  conjugation  ?  220. 

Quam  victi  essent;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ut  .  .  .  proficisceretnr  .  .  .  et 

impetrarett     Verbs  of  asking  take  two  Accusatives,  or  Objects :  these 
clauses  may  accordingly  be  treated  as  one  of  the  objects  of  rogaverunt, 
while  at  the  same  time  they  express  the  pu rpose  of  the  request.  374,  2 ; 

498,  I. Dixit.   Give  the  direct  object  of  this  verb,  550. Desiisse ; 

from  deslno. Ilia  die.     What  is  the  usual  gender  of  dies  ?  121. 

Illos,  that  they,  i.  e.  the  Carthaginians. Illos  ....  liabcre.    This 

infinitive-clause  does  not  strictly  depend  upon  suasit,  but  upon  a  verb, 

or  participle,  signifying  to  say,  involved  in  it.  530, 1. Fractos  ;  from 

franco. Tanti  non.  CSSe5  that  it  was  not  of  so  much  importance— 

worth  the  while. 

188.  Pallid,  Punic,  i.  e.  Carthaginian.     The  word  is  derived  from 

Poeni. Captae,  dcmersae,  capta;  supply  sunt  from  occisa  sunt. 

Dciaersac ;  from  demergo. Citra  Ibernrn,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro, 

i.  c.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  the  northern  side. Decessernnt;  from 

decldo. 

189.  Novem  annos  natnm9  lit.  having  been  born  nine  years:  render,   67 

when  he  was  nine  years  old  ;  XX.  3. Hie  .  .  .  aetatis,  he  living,  or 

passing  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age  ;  render,  "he  when  in  his  twentieth 

year  ;  XX.  3. Qui  qnnd,  when  he,  \.  e.  Hannibal,  453. Mlsermit. 

The  object  is  legatos  understood,  though  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  sup- 
ply it  in  translating. Socios,  the  allies,  meaning  the  citizens  of  Sa- 

guntum. Reddita  5  supply  sunt. 

190.  Fratre  .  •  •  rclictO«     Hannibal  left  his  brother  in  Spain  to 


126  LATH*  READER. 

PAGE 

67  take  care  of  that  province  in  his  absence. Transiit;  from  transeo, 

295,  3. Traditur,  he,  i.  e.  Hannibal,  is  said. Se  conjunxenmt. 

Why  is  se  here  used,  rather  than  eos  or  illos?  449,  I. Dedidernnt; 

69  from  dedo. Progressns;  from  progredior. Interemptus  ;  from 

interimo  ;  supply  est. 

191.  Quingentcsimo  dnodequadragcsimo*    For  combination  of  nu- 
merals,    see  174. Intellectual  crat ;  frominteltigo.    The  infinitive- 
clause,  Hannibalem  .  .  .  posse,  is  the  subject. Mora*     The  Roman 

general,  Fabius,  had  adopted  with  great  success  the  poMcy  of  weakening 
Hannibal  by  delay,  i.  e.  by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.    See  above 

(175). Yicti,  capti,  occisi;    supply  sunl  with  each  participle. 

Perienmt ;  from  pereo. Quod.    This  relative  does  not  relate  to  any 

particular  word  as  its  antecedent,  but  to  the  leading  proposition,  or  the 
fact  mentioned  in  it ;  the  relative  is  accordingly  neuter,  as  clauses  used 
substantively  uniformly  take  that  gender,  42,  note. Fai'tnm  5  sup- 
ply erat. 

192.  Obtulit ;  from  offero.     Here  obtulit  takes  Romanis  as  its  in- 
direct object,  while  the  direct  object  appears  in  the  form  of  a  clause, 
viz.  ut  captives  redimerent.     This  is  plainly  the  offer  made  to  the  Ro- 
mans ;  but  this  clause  also  states  the  purpose  of  the  offer,  viz.  that  they 
might  ransom  the  prisoners.     Hence  the  subjunctive  redimerent.    498. 

Qui  .  .  .  votmssent,  who  had  been  able;  XXIV.  2,  5). Armati. 

The  senate  regarded  it  as  a  disgrace,  that  any  should  be  captured  so 

long  as  they  had  arms  to  defend  themselves. Anrcorum  annulonun* 

See  note  on  the  same  (92,  4). Hos  omues.    Observe  position  at  the 

beginning  of  the  sentence  to  mark  emphasis.  561, 1. Detraxe- 

rat  5  from  detrdho.    How  is  the  Perfect  formed  ?  30. Hasdrnbal 

....  exercitn.     See  above  (190,  line  1). Remanserat ;  from  re- 

maneo. Dnobns  Seipionibns*     These  were  Cnaeus  Cornelius  Scipio 

and  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  the  latter  the  father  of  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus,  who  defeated  Hannibal  at  Zama.     See  below  (196). 

193.  Res  prospcrc  gesta  cst,  a  successful  battle  was  fought.    In  a 
military  sense,  remgero  frequently  has  this  meaning. Magnam  hujus 

69   insnlae  partcm.     For  arrangement  of  words,  see  565,  2. Inde, 

thence,  i.  e.  from  Syracuse. In  Macedonia.     What  construction 

would  have  been  used,  if  this  had  been  the  name  of  a  town  instead  of 

that  of  a  country?  425,  II. In  dcditionem  accepit,  lit.  received  into 

surrender  ;  the  meaning  is,  accepted  the  terms  of  a  surrender. Re- 

gressns  est ;  from  regredior. 

194.  Duo  Scipioncs.     See  duobus  Scipionibus  (192)  and  note  on  the 
same.     They  were  both  slain  in  battle  within  a  month  of  each  other, 

in  the  year  212  B.  C. Hie,  puer  dnodeviginti  annorum,  fie  when  a 

boy  eighteen  years  of  age,  363,  3. Post  eladem  Caanensem,  after  the 


NOTES.  127 

PAGE 

Icfeat  at  Cannae  (191). Vigiati  qnattnor  ....  natus,  lit.  having  69 

been  born  twenty-four  years  ;  render,  when  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

Cartliaginem  Novam,  New  Carthage,  a  city  in  Spain,  founded  soon 

after  the  first  Punic  war  by  Hasdrubal,  brother-in-law  of  Hannibal.  It 
was  named  after  Carthage  in  Africa  ;  its  present  name  is  Carthagena. 
Parentibus,  to  their  parents. Tracsierunt  5  from  transeo. 

195.  Creatns ;   supply  est. Millibus  .  .  .  militibus.     When  is 

mittia  followed  by  the  Genitive  and  when  by  its  own  case  ?  178. 

Qna  re  andita,  lit.  which  thing  having  been  heard  ;  render,  having  heard 
this,  or  on  hearing  this,  431,  2,  (2). 

196.  Plus  semel— />fos  quam  semel,  more  than  once. Ad  Zamain,   TO 

near  Zama. Pcritissimi  duceSj  Hannibal  and  Scipio  are  meant. 

Seipio  victor  recedit,  lit.  withdrew  victor  ;  render,  left  thejield  as  victor, 

or  simply  was  victorious. Iiigenti  gloria  triumpkavit*    Compare  cum 

ingenti  gloria  .  .  .  regressus  est  (193). Africanns.      This  title  was 

conferred  upon  Scipio  in  commemoration  of  his  victories  in  Africa. 
See  also  nomen  Africani  junioris  (200). 

197.  Finito  Punico  bello.    Which  Punic  war  is  meant?  (185  and 

189). Macedonienm  5  supply  bellum. Contra  Pkilippnm.    This 

limits  helium  understood,  the  war  against  Philip.     359,  note  1. 
Regem.     Philip  was  king  of  Macedonia. 

198.  Rcbeliavit)  rebelled,  i.  e.  renewed  the  war  against  Rome. 

Rex.    What  king  ? Dcderet,  dedidernnt ;  from  dedo. Remornm 

ordincs,  banks  of  oars.     These  were  arranged,  one  above  another,  so 
that  the  oars  belonging  to  the  highest  ordo,  or  bank,  were  much  longer 
than  those  belonging  to  the  lowest.     War-vessels  generally  had  three 
banks,  and  were  accordingly  called  triremes  (tres,  remi],  but  it  was  no 
uncommon  thing  to  see  vessels  with  four  or  five  banks,  and  some  are 

said  to  have  had  thirty  or  forty. Ante  currnm,  before  the  chariot,   71 

i.  e.  of  the  conqueror.     In  the  triumphal  procession,  the  captives  and 
spoils  preceded  the  chariot  of  the  victor,  while  the  victorious  army 
followed  it. 

199.  Nopos,  grandson,  but  only  by  adoption.     He  was  the  son  of 
Aemilius  Paulus,  the  celebrated  general,  who  conquered  Macedonia. 

See  above  (198). Ibi,  there,  i.  e.  at  Carthage. Facta  5  supply  est. 

Plurima,  very  many  things,  referring  especially  to  the  works  of  art, 

statues  and  votive  offerings,  which  the  Carthaginians  had  taken  from 

the  temples  of  the  conquered  cities  in  Sicily. Onmia,  quae  sua 

recognoscebant,  all  which  they  (the  states)  recognized  as  theirs. 

Nomeii  Africani  junioris.     Scipio  received  this  name  to  distinguish  him 
from  Scipio  Africanus  the  Elder,  who  conquered  Hannibal  at  Zama. 

200.  2.  Pnblins  Scipio  is  said,  etc.     This  is  the  personal  construc- 
tion.    The  impersonal  would  be :  It  is  said  that  Publius  Scipio,  etc. 


128 


LATIN  READER. 


71  Translate  into  Latin  both  personally  and  impersonally.     What  is  the 
subject  of  dicitur  in  the  personal  construction  ?     What  in  the  imper- 
sonal?  -See  534,  1. 

72  201.  Exortnm  est;    from  exorior. €ivitate.    Logically  this  is 

in  apposition  with  Numantia  implied  in  Numantitm.—— Yictus  ;  sup- 
ply est. Pacem  infamem.    The  terms  were  that  Numantia  should 

remain  free  and  independent. Tradi  5  depends  upon  jussit  in  the 

line  above. Militem ;  lit.  soldier,  the  individual  representing  the 

class;  render,  soldiery. Correxit  5  from  corrigo. Partim — par- 

tim  5  lit.  partly — partly  ;  render,  either— or.     These  words  may,  how- 
ever, be  often  best  rendered  by  some— others,  followed  by  of.     Thus,  he 

captured  some  of  the  many  cities  of  Spain  and  accepted  others,  etc. 

In  deditionem  accepit.    See  note  on  the  same  (193). 

202.  Anno  urbis  conditae  .  .  .  sexto,  in  the  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
sixth  year  from,  or  after  (lit.  of)  the  founding  of  the  city.     Urbis  con- 
ditae  is  here  equivalent  to  post  urbem  conditam  (185),  or  ab  urbe  con- 

dlta  (207). Resiac.    What  case  would  have  been  used,  if  this  had 

been  a  noun  of  the  third  declension  ?  425,  II. Mithridaticum  ;  sup- 
ply bellum. Marius,  Sullae.      These  generals  were  the  leaders  of 

rival  political  parties.     Marius  was  supported  by  the  common  people 
and  Sulla  by  the  nobles. Adversns  Mithridatem.  This  limits  bel- 
lum, 359. Qnnm  .  .  .  decretnm  esset ;  the  meaning  is  :  when  the 

management  of  the  war  had  been  entrusted  to  him  by  a  decree  of  the 
Senate.     The  Subjunctive  is  here  rendered  according  to  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Decretnm  esset;  from  decerno. Ei,  i.  e.  Sullae. Qnnm— tnm. 

Usual  meaning,  not  only — but  also  ;  both — and,  etc. ;  render  here  either 
— or. Compositis ;  from  compono. Profectns  est  $  from  proficis- 

73  cor. Asia,  qnani  inyaserat.  Not  all  Asia,  but  that  portion  of  it  which 

he  had  invaded,  referring  especially  to  those  portions  of  Asia  Minor 
west  of  his  own  dominions. 

203.  In  Graecia  ct  Asia.     Mithridates,  emboldened  by  his  success 
in  Asia  Minor,  had  sent  an  army  into  Greece.     Athens  and  Thebes 

were  at  this  time  in  his  possession. Fngatns  fnerat.     Marius  had 

been  for  sometime  in  concealment. Inns  ex,  one  of ;  lit.  one  from. 

Ingressi;  from  ingredior. Mnltos  proseripsernnt,  proscribed 

many.    In  the  civil  wars,  Sulla  caused  lists  of  the  names  of  those  per- 
sons whom  he  wished  to  have  killed  to  be  exposed  to  public  inspection. 
Those  whose  names  were  on  these  lists  were  outlawed  or  proscribed, 
and  any  one  might  slay  them  and  claim  a  reward ;  their  property  was 
confiscated,  and  their  descendants  were  excluded  from  all  offices  of 
honor  and  trust.     See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  R.  Antiquities  ;  also 
Schmitz's  Hist,  of  Home. Compnlernnt ;  from  compello. San- 
guine.   Gender?        Civinm.    Genitive  plural,  how  formed? 62,  1,  2), 


NOTES.  129 


De?  lit.  concerning  ;  render  in  this  instance,  over.  -  Italicnm, 
civile  5  supply  bellum.  -  Socialc  dictum  CSt  ;  this  is  the  predicate  of 
the  relative  clause.  -  Yiros  consulares,  men  who  had  been  consuls,  i.  e. 
men  of  consular  rank  or  dignity  =ex-consuls.  The  consuls,  it  will  be 
remembered,  were  two  in  number,  were  elected  for  one  year,  and  had 
all  the  powers  of  king.  See  note  on  "  Consoles  "  (169).  -  Praetorios, 
those  who  had  been  praetors.  When  the  office  of  praetor  was  first  insti- 
tuted, only  one  was  appointed,  who  was  to  act  as  a  kind  of  third  consul 
with  the  leading  part  in  the  administration  of  justice  ;  about  a  century 
later  a  second  was  added,  called  praetor  peregrinus,  to  administer  jus- 
tice among  foreigners  and  strangers  resident  at  Rome.  The  number  of 
praetors  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  at  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  wars  of  Sulla  and  Marius,  it  was  six  ;  and  in  the  dictatorship  of 
Sulla  it  was  raised  to  eight.  See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  R.  Antiqui- 
ties, and  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome.  -  Acdilitios.  those  who  had  been  aediles. 
The  aediles  (from  aedes)  were  Roman  magistrates  who  had  charge  of 
the  public  buildings,  highways,  etc.,  and  acted  as  city  police.  They 
were  at  first  two  in  number,  afterwards  more.  See  Smith's  Diet.  - 
Seaatores.  The  Roman  senate  (from  senex)  was  regarded  as  a  body  of 
elders  or  fathers  (patres).  The  number  was  at  first  100  (see  158),  then 
200  (see  163),  and  finally  300,  which  continued  to  be  the  number  until 
the  time  of  the  civil  wars  between  Sulla  and  Marius.  The  number  was 
then  increased  to  500  or  600  by  the  election  of  a  large  body  of  Roman 
knights.  See  Smith's  Diet. 

204.  Commotmn  cst  ;  from  commoveo.  -  Gladiatores.    Gladiators 
were  men  who  fought  for  the  amusement  of  the  Roman  people.     They 
consisted  mostly  of  prisoners,   slaves,    and  malefactors;  they  were 
trained  in  the  skilful  use  of  weapons  at  schools  established  for  the  pur- 
pose (ludo  gladiatorio).  -  Capnae,  at  Capua.  -  Hannibal  ;  subject" 
of  movit  understood.  -  Contraxcrnnt  ;  from  contrdho  :  explain 
formation  of  the  Perfect;  30.  -  Yicerunt  ;  from  vinco.  -  Pro- 
censulc.     The  proconsul,  as  the  name  implies,  was  one  who  acted  with 
the  power  of  a  consul.     Those  who  had  been  consuls  (viri  consulares) 
were  often  allowed  to  assume  the  government  of  provinces,  and  to  ex- 
ercise in  these  provinces  all  the  powers  of  a  consul  ;  they  were  then 
called  proconsuls.  -  Italiac.     Is  this  genitive  objective,  or  subjective? 
896,  III. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempera*    How  could  tempora  be  governed  without 
the  preposition  ?  379.    Per  makes  the  idea  of  duration  more  promi- 
nent, throughout  those  times.  -  Maria*     What  is  the  ending  of  the 
stem  ?  63.  -  Id  bellniH,  this  war,  i.  e.  that  against  the  pirates.  -  Be- 
eretnm  CSt$  from  decerno.     For  the  meaning  see  note  on  "Quum  .... 
decretwn  esset"  (202).  -  BIcnses;   give  gender,  107,  2.  -  Contra 


130  LATIN  KEADER. 

PAGE 

74  regcm.     This  limits  bellum. Quo  suscepto,  lit.  which  having  been 

undertaken  ;  render,  having  undertaken  this  ;  431,  2,  (2). Tantam5 

only. Coactns ;  from  cogo.- Hansit ;  from  haurio. Hanc  vitac 

fiiicm.  For  the  order  of  these  words,  see  598,  3,  and  for  their  position 
at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence,  see  561,  I. 

206.  Ille  se  eL    What  nouns  are  represented  by  these  pronouns  ? 
"75  Dedidit ;  from  dcdo. Grand!  pecnnia,  a  large  sum  of  money, 

according  to  Plutarch,  6,000  talents,  more  than  $6,000,000. Selen- 

dam  Ubertate  donavit.    What  two  constructions  occur  ?  384,  1. 

Qnia  .  .  .  tnlerat ;  quod  .  . .  recepisset.  These  are  both  causal  clauses. 
The  first,  with  the  Indicative,  states  the  reason  as  a,  fact,  while  the  se- 
cond, with  the  Subjunctive,  implies  that  the  reason  was  assigned  by 

Pompey.     516. Occisis  5  from  occido. His  gestis,  lit.  by  means 

of  these  things  done,  i.  e.  by  these  achievements,  Abl.  of  Means,  420.^ 

Antiquissimo  bello.    This  war  continued  nearly  thirty  years. 

Ante  triumpliantis  enrrnni,  lit.  before  the  chariot  of  (him)  triumphing  ; 
render,  before  his  chariot,  as  he  triumphed,  referring  to  the  triumphal 

procession. — — Filii  Mithridatis.    They  were  five  in  number. In- 

fiuitum  pondns.    According  to  Plutarch,  this  amounted  to  20,000 

talents,  more  than  $20,000,000. Orbed  terramia,  strictly  the  world, 

but  sometimes  used  by  the  Romans  with  special  reference  to  the  Ro- 
man Empire. 

207.  Cicerone  Ct  Antonio  consulibns,  lit.  Cicero  and  Antony  (being) 
consuls  :  render,  when  Cicero  and  Antony  were  consuls,  or,  in  the  con- 
sulship of  Cicero,  etc. Beprehensi;    from  deprehendo.      Supply 

sunt  from  the  next  clause. 

208.  Qnnm  ....  decrcta  esset,  when  Gaul  had  been  assigned  to  him 
by  decree,  i.  e.  as  a  military  province ;  XXIV,  2, 1). Yinccndo  pro- 

76  cessft,  proceeded  by  conquering,  i.  e.  advanced  victoriously. Oceanum 

Britannknm,  British  Ocean,  i.  e.  the  English  Channel. Omnem  Gal- 

liam  quae,  etc.    Not  all  Gaul,  but  that  portion  which  is  bounded  aa 

described. Ne  nomen  qnidem,  not  even  the  name  ;  569,  III.  2. 

Cognitnm  ;  from  cognosco. 

209.  Aliens.    It  was  unlawful  for  a  general,  while  in  command  of 
an  army,  to  offer  himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  consulship,  and  indeed 
for  any  one  to  do  so  while  absent  from  Rome.     Caesar  was  both  absent 

from  Rome  and  in  command  of  an  army. Qnem  qnnm  .  .  .  defer- 

rent,  contradictnm  est,  etc.,  when  many  would  confer  this,  etc.,  opposi- 
tion (or,  objection)  was  made. Dimissis  5  from  dimitto. Transiit  f 

from  transeo. Dictatorem.     See  note  on  "  Dictatoris  "  (178). 

210.  Inde,  thence,  i.  e.  from  Rome. Hispanias,  Spain.     The 

plural  is  often  used,  as  the  country  was  divided  into  two  parts,  viz. 
ctierior,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro,  i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  and 


NOTES.  131 

PAGB 

ulterior,  beyond  the  Ebro. Xee  .  . .  snperari.    This  entire  clause  76 

is  the  object  ofdixit.  371,1V.- Nee,  and  not,  554, 1.  2. Yineere. 

This  is  the  object  of  scire  ;  Caesar  said  that  Pompey  did  not  know 

(what  ?)  to  conquer,  or  how  to  conquer. Ingentibus  ....  CQBunissis, 

with  great  forces  engaged  on  both  sides. — — Pngnatam  est,  the  battle  was  9"7 

fought. Direpta  stint ;  from  diripio. A  rege  Aegypti.  This  king 

was  the  last  of  the  Ptolemies  and  the  brother  of  Cleopatra. Occidit ; 

slew,  though  not  with  his  own  hands.     He  employed  men  to  do  it. 

Geaeri.  Pompey  had  married  Julia,  the  daughter  of  Caesar ;  while  she 
lived,  she  was,  of  course,  a  strong  bond  of  union  between  the  two,  but 
she  had  died  six  years  before  the  battle  of  Pharsalia. 

211.  Qua  de  cansa5/or  which  cause.    For  the  order  of  words,  see 

5G9,  II.  1. Pompeianarnm  ....  reliquias,  the  remnant  of  Pompetf 's 

party. Insolentins  agcrc.    He  allowed  himself  to  be  proclaimed  con- 
sul for  ten  years,  imperator  and  dictator  for  life.     This  was  a  virtual 

overthrow  of  the  Roman  Republic. Conjuratimi  est ;  a  conspiracy 

was  formed. Sexaginta  Tel  amplinSj  sixty  or  more. Inter  CGBJfl- 

ratcs ;  lit.  among  the  having  conspired,  i.  e.  among  the  conspirators. 

Bruti  duo  ;  viz.  Marcus  and  Decimus. Cllins  Brnti.   See  above 

(169). Rcgibns  cxpnlsis,  lit.  the  kings  having  been  banished;  ren- 
der, after  the  banishment  of  the  Icings. Qnuci  .  .  .  vcaissct  $  XXIV. 

2,  1). Confossns  cst ;  from  confodio. 

212.  Intcrfecto;  from  inter fido. A  Caesaris  partilms  stalsat,  7§ 

favored  the  party  of  Caesar  (stood  by  the  party,  etc.). Magister 

cquitnm.    See  note  on  " Magistro  equitum"  (178). SnsccptHS  cst  5 

from  suscipio. OetavianaSt     He  was  the  son  of  Octavius,  but  was 

adopted  by  Julius  Caesar,  with  the  name  Octavianus  Caesar. Patris 

suij  i.  e.  his  father  by  adoption,  Julius  Caesar. Extorsit ;  from  ex- 

torqueo. Ut  •  •  •  daretur.     This  clause  expresses  both  the  direct 

object  of  extorsit  and  the  purpose  of  the  action  :  Caesar  extorted  (what  ?) 
that  the  consulship  should  be  given,  and  (for  what  purpose  ?)  in  order 
that  it  might  be  given.  See  498,  II. Yiginti  annorum.    The  age  re- 
quired by  law  was  forty-three. JimctES$  fromjungo. Proserip- 

Sit.     See  note  on  "  Proscripscrunt "  (203). Per  host     By  whom  ? 

213.  Profecti.     This  is  in  the  plural  to  agree  with  Octavianus  ft 

Antonius. Secimdo  5  supply proeho. Infinitam  nobilitatern,  qnae, 

lit.  the  infinite  nobility,  which  ;  render,  the  countless  nobles,  who. 

Victam  interfecerunt,  lit.   they  slew  (them)  being  conquered ;  render, 

"hey  conquered  and  slew.  See  549,  5. Hispanias.     See  note  on  this 

word  (210). GalHaSt  The  plural  is  used  because  the  Romans  divided  ^O 

the  country  into  two  parts,  viz.  Gallia  ulterior  or  Transalpina,  or  Gaul 
beyond  the  Alps  ;    and  Gallia  citerior  or  Cisalplna,  or  Gaul  on  tfiis 
ride  of  the  Alps  ;  \.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  or    on    the    Eastern 


132  LATIN   BEADEK. 

PAGE 

79  side. Repndiata  sorore.     Antony  had  married  Octavia,  the  sister  of 

Octavianus. Uxorem  duxit,  married,  lit.  lead  as  wife.  The  language 

is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bride  was  usually  conducted  to  her 
new  home  by  her  husband  and  friends.     See  note  on  "  Nube're"  (152). 

Qai  locus.     The  relative  here  has  only  the  force  of  an  adjective. 

Desperatis  rebus,  lit.  things  having  been  despaired  of ;  render,  as 

his  cause  was  desperate  (or  hopeless). Interemit  ;  from  interimo. 

Ex  CO  inde  tem pore,  from  this  time,  or  from  this  time  forth.     Inde 
need  not  be  translated. Ante;  Adverb,  before,  or  previously. 


GEECIAN    IIISTOKY. 

§O         215.  Pugnae  ....  facerent,  did  not  give  him  an  opportunity  of 

coming  to  an  engagement.     XXIV.  2,  1). Ponte  Istri,  the  bridge 

over  the  Ister,  i.e.  the  Danube ;  lit.  the  bridge  of  the  Ister. Qimm 

rediisset;  XXIV.2,1);  521,11.2. Eique.  Prefers  to  the  fleet. 

216.  Praefecti  rcgii,  the  royal  commanders,  i.  e.  Datis  and  Arta- 
phernes. Appnlsa  \  from  appello. la  Campnm  Marathona,  into 

81    the  plain  of  Marathon.     For  ending  a,  see  68,  1. Afr  oppido, /row 

the  city,  i.  e.  from  Athens. Cireiter  ....  decem*     The  distance  by 

any  suitable  road  was  somewhat  greater  than  this. Ea,  this,  \.  e.  this 

state ;  supply  civitas. Decem  ....  completa  snnt,  the  number  of  ten 

thousand  armed  men  was  completed,  'or  fitted  up.     Thus  there  were  9000 

Athenians  and  1000  Plataeans. Sab  mantis  radicibns,  at  the  base  of 

the  mountain. Commiserunt ;  from  committo. Suis,  for  his  men, 

441,  1. Tanto  plus,  so  much  more. 

217.  Qnnm  Darius  decessisset,  when  Darius  had  died ;  XXIY. 

2,  1). Decessisset  \  from  decedo. In  ipso  apparatn,  in  the  midst 

of  his  very  preparations,  i.  e.  while  actually  engaged  in  preparing  for  a 

second  invasion. Ilojns  classis,  the  fleet  of  this  one,  i.  e.  Xerxes; 

render  his  fleet. Navium  longarnm,  ships  of  war,  called  longae,  be- 
cause they  were  built  much  longer  than  the  ships  of  burden  (oneraria* 

rum). Navinm  ....  fait,  was  of .  .  .  .  ships,  i.  e.  consisted  of,  etc. 

De  advcnta.     This  is  an  attributive  modifier  of  fama, — the  report 

of  his  approach. Peti,  to  be  aimed  at. Miserunt  DelphOS,  they 

sent  to  Delphi ;  object  omitted,  sent  messengers.     The  Delphic  oracle 
was  the  most  famous  in  Greece. De  rebus  snis,  lit.  concerning  their- 

£2  things,    i.  e.  for  their  safety. Id  ....  Taleret,  what  this  answer 

meant. Ct ....  conferred.     This  clause  is  the  predicate  after  me, 


NOTES.  133 

PAGB 

as  it  states  what  the  design  was. Enm — lignenm,  for  that  that  §2 

wooden  wall  was  meant,  etc.,  i.  e.  that  that  was  the  wooden  wall  meant, 

etc. Triremes.     See  note  on  "  Remorum  ordmes  "  (198). Majo- 

riibns  natn,  old  or  aged  men,  elders. 

218.  Hnjns  consilinm,  the-  plan  of  this  one,  i.  e.  Themistocles. 

Delecti,  picked  men. Qoi ....  occoparent ;  XXIV.  3,  2. Tlier- 

HBOpylas.     Thermopylae  is  a  narrow  pass  between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
immortalized  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
heroic  daring  and  self-sacrifice  recorded  in  history,  that  of  Leonidas  and 

his  three  hundred  Spartans,  here  mentioned. Barbados,  Barbarians, 

i.  e.  the  Persians.     The  term  was  applied  to  all  who  were  not  Greeks. 

Non  snstinnernnt*     They  were  unable  to  resist  the  overwhelming 

force  brought  against  them,  but  they  performed  prodigies  of  valor  unsur- 
passed in  the  annals  of  war. Classis  ....  mmani,  the  common 

fled  of  Greece  (i.  e.  the  fleet  of  all  Greece),  consisting  of,  etc. An- 

gnstias*     The  narrow  channel,  Eurlpus,  between  Boeotia  and  Euboea, 

is  here  meant. Ancipiti  periculo,  by  a  double  danger,  \.  e.  by  being 

confined  in  the  channel  with  one  foe  in  front  and  another  in  the  rear. 

Kxadvcrsnm  Athenas,  over  against  Athens.    Exadversum,  like  ad- 

vcrsum,  admits  the  Accus.,  433. 

219.  Thermopylis  5  see  above  (218). Astn,  the  city,  i.  e.  Athens.  §3 

The  word  is  often  thus  applied. Idqne,  and  this,  i.  e.  the  city  of 

Athens. Cnjns,  of  this,  i.  e.  of  the  burning  of  the  city. Themis- 

toclcs  nnus  restitit,  Themistocles  alone  stood  firm,  objected. Univer- 
ses, all  together,  united. Idque  ....  affirmabat,  lit.  he  affirmed  to 

Eurybiades  that  this  would  be,  etc.,  i.  e.  he  assured  him  that  this  would 

be  the  result. Snmmae,  dative  depending  upon  praeerat.    386. 

De  servis  suis,  qnem,  etc.,  one  of  his  servants,  whom,  etc. Snis  vcr- 

bis,  in  his  words,  i.  e.  in  fiis  name,  from  him. Ximtiaret*     This 

verb  has  ei  as  its  indirect  object,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  sentence  after 
verbis  as  its  direct  object.     371 ,  IV. — — Confectnrnm ',  supply  eum, 

referring  to  the  king. Oppressnrnm ;    from  opprimo. Hoc 

eo  vale  bat,  the  object  of  this  was. Barbaras,  barbarian,  mean- 
ing Xerxes. Contra,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  other  hand. 

Explicari,  to  be  unfolded,  i.  e.  to  be  brought  into  successful  action. 

220.  Hie  etsi  ....  gesserat,  although  he  (Xerxes)  had  fought  an 
unsuccessful  battle ;   515,  II. Tt  ....  posset  Iiostcs;  XXIV.  2, 

6). Certiorem  fecit;  XXVI.  1. Id  agi,  lit.  that  it  was  doing ;  84 

render,  was  in  contemplation, In  Hellcsponto,  over  the  Hellespont. 

Reversus  CSt  5  from  reverto,  revertor,  Dep.  in  certain  forms. 

221.  2.  That  Caesar  waged,  etc.     Observe  that  in  the  Indirect  Dis- 
course the  subject  of  the  declarative  clause,  Caesar  waged,  etc.,  is  put 
in  the  Accusative  and  the  verb  in  the  Infinitive.     See  523, 1. 3. 


134:  LATIN   KEADEK. 

PAGE 

§4  Was  waging,  gerere,  Present,  as  the  Infinitive  expresses  not  absolute 
but  relative  time.     See  537,  note. 

222.  Peridis.     Pericles,  a  distinguished  orator  and  statesman  of 
Athens,  directed  the  counsels  of  state  for  many  years.     The  period  in 
which  he  lived  is  famous  in  Grecian  history  as  the  "  Age  of  Pericles." 

$5  Interjeetis ;     from  inter jido. Clara  ;    observe  its  position ; 

694}  I. Patrimonii  contemptns,  disregard  of  patrimony,  referring 

to  the  fact  that  he  gave  his  ancestral  estates  to  the  republic,  as  ex« 

plained  below. llosles  ;  subject  of  reliquerant. In  gnspicionem 

addncerent ;  supply  eum  ;  that  they  might  bring  him  into  suspicion  of 

treachery. Navali  ....  dimicatum  est,  lit.  it  was  fought,  etc. ; 

render,  a  naval  battle  was  fought. In  annos  quinqnaginta,  lit.  info 

Jiffy  years  ;  render,  for  fifty  years.  . 

223.  Deeerniinr,  is  decreed,  or  authorized. Effnsae  snnt ;  from 

effundo. — — Ut  .  .  .  esscnt ;  XXIV.  2,  5). lis,  qnibns  5  i.  e.  to  the 

Catinienses. Secnndo  fflarte  pngnant,  lit.  they  fight,  Mars  being  pro- 
pitious ;  render,  they  fight  a  successful  battle,  or  successfully. Ab  his, 

by  these,  i.  e.  the  Lacedaemonians. Contractis  5  from  contraho. 

86         224.  Triremes.    See  note  on  " Remorum  ordmes"  (198). In 

hostinm  potestateni,  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.     In  is  construed  with 

potestatem.     Observe  separation,  569,  II.  3. Simnl  cum,  at  the  same 

time  with,  or  simply  with. Sitae  sunt ;  from  sino. Qnani  plnri- 

mas.  Quam  before  a  superlative  is  intensive,  and  is  often  bes*  ren» 
dered  by  possible  ;  as,  quam  plurimas,  the  greatest  possible  number,  as 

many  as  possible,  or  sometimes  very  many. Neqn6  minns  nmltaSy 

lit.  nor  less  many=and  not  less  many = and  as  many  more. 

225.  Darins*     This  was  Darius  the  Second,  and  not  the  one  spoken 
§7   of  above  (215). Ft  ....  mitterent ;  XXIV.  2,  5). In     ... 

locnm,  lit.  into  the  place  of ;  render,  to  take  the  place  of,  to  succeed. 

226.  Ut  nnmerns  ....  explcretnr,  that  the  number  ....  might 

be  filled,  i.  e.  to  raise  the  required  number  of  soldiers. Coacti  snnt; 

from  cogo. Proeliis  adverse  Marte  pugnatis,  lit.  battles  fought,  Mars 

being  adverse  ;  render,  having  lost  battles,  or  having  fought  unsuccess 
fully. Res  ....  inclinata  est.     The  power  of  the  Athenians  was 

utterly  overthrown  by  this  defeat.  The  figure  involved  in  the  verb 
incline,  to  incline,  fall,  is  that  of  a  building  leaning  and  ready 
tc  fall. 

227.  Nomen  Atfreniensium,  the  Athenian  name=t7ie  Athenian  state 

or  nation. Negarnnt  ....  passnros,    lit.  denied  that  they  would 

permit ;  render,  said  that  they  would  not  permit. Passnros.     What 

is  the  object  ?  540,  III. Dnolms  oenlis,  the  two  eyes ,  these  were 

Atfiens  and  Sparta. Longi  rauri  braciiia.     Reference  is  here  made 

to  the  long  walls  which  connected  Athens  with  its  ports. Triginta 


NOTES.  135 

PAG* 

rectorcs.    These  are  known  in  history  as  "  The  Thirty  Tyrants." 87 

Dcditi,  devoted  to,  i.  e.  to  the  interests  of. 

228.  Idem  imperator,  tlie  same  (i.  e.  Epaminondas),  when  commander,  88 

863,  3. Boeotii,  the  Boeotians.    They  were  the  inhabitants  of  Boeo- 

tia,  north  of  Attica,  of  which  Thebes  was  the  chief  city. Ex  hastili, 

from,  the  spear.     The  iron  point,  separated  from  the  shaft,  had  re- 
mained in  the  flesh. Extraxisset ;  from  extraho. Vicisse  Boeo- 

tios,  tJiat  the  Boeotians  (his  own  men)  had  conquered. 

229.  2.  Whether  the  enemy,  etc.    Observe  carefully  the  difference 
between  the  Direct  and  the  Indirect  Discourse.     What  mood  should 
be  here  used?  523,  II.   What  tense?  492,  2.   What  change  would 
be  required  in  the  Latin  if  we  should  substitute  that  for  whether 
in  this  English  sentence  ? 9.  As  a  present,  dono,  Dative,  390. 

230.  Lenetricam  pngnam,  the  battle  of  Leuctra.    This  battle  des-  89 
troyed  the  power  of  Sparta  and  made  Thebes  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  Thebes  speedily  lost  the  supremacy  after  the  death  of  Epa- 
minondas.  Athenienses,  non  nt  olim.      Formerly  Athens  had  been 

eminent  in  war  and  had  been  for  many  years  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  of  late  the  sterner  virtues  had  disappeared  from  the  Athe- 
nian character,  and  the  love  of  ease,  luxury,  and  festivity  had  taken 
their  places.    Thus  Athens,  Sparta,  and  Thebes,  each  of  which  had 
been  in  turn  the  leading  state  in  Greece,  had  now  become  weak  and 
degenerate.    This  state  of  things  enabled  Macedonia  to  rise  to  power, 

as  mentioned  hi  the  next  sentence. Obses  ....  Thebis*    In  the 

year  369  B.  C.,  when  the  power  of  Thebes  was  supreme  in  Greece, 
Amyntas,  king  of  Macedonia,  had  been  obliged  to  send  his  son  Philip 
as  a  hostage  to  that  powerful  capital. 

231.  Anraria;  supply  metalla  from  the  next  clause. ArgentI 

....  Tlirada.    There  were  also  gold  mines  in  Thrace  near  Philippi. 

232.  Din  dissimnlatnm.    He  had  long  intended  to  make  war  upon  90 

Athens,  but  had  from  policy  concealed  that  intention. Quorum 

eansae  ....  junxernnt,  to  whose  cause  the  Thebans  had  joined  them' 

selves,  i.  e.  with  whom  they  had  allied  themselves. Qnnm,  though  ; 

615,111. Assidnis  bellis  indnrata,  hardened,  or  strengthened  by  con- 
tinual wars.    Philip  had  a  well-disciplined  army  of  veterans,  long  ac- 
customed to  severe  and  constant  service. Adversis  Yulneribus.  See 

*  aote  on  the  same  (181). Hie  dies  ....  finiyit.    The  battle  of 

Jhaeronea  reduced  Greece  to  a  Macedonian  province. 

233.  Hnjus  victoriac  ....  laetitia,  lit.  joy  of  this  victory  ;  ren- 
der, joy  on  account  of  this  victory. Coronas,  nngnenta.     The  Greeks 

often  made  use  of  crowns,  garlands,  ointments,  and  perfumes  on  joyous 

and  festive  occasions. Quantum  ....  fait,  lit.  as  much  as  was  in 

him;    render,   as  far   as   was   in  his  power. Ut  ....  Yictorem 

7 


136  LATIN   KEADEB. 

PAGE 

9O  ....  sentiret,  that  no  one  would  recognize  the  victor ,  i.  e.  the  fact  that 

he  was  such. Bello  COfiSnmptoruni,  of  those  slain  in  war,  or  battle. 

Consumptdrum  is  used  substantively ;  441. Ad  formandnm  .... 

statuni,  lit.  to  form  the  state  of  present  things  ;  the  meaning  is,  to  ad- 
just or  settle  the  posture  of  affairs. Auxilia,  the  quotas,  i.  e.  the 

quotas  wh;ch  the  several  states  were  to  furnish. Erat ;  the  subject 

is  the  clause,  eum  ....  esse  ;  538. Suis  ;  supply  viribus. 

£1  234.  Medins  inter  duos,  in  the  middle  between  the  two,  or  simply, 

between  the  two.  Medius  is  explained  by  inter  duos. Occnpatis  an- 

gnstiis.  He  had  deliberately  placed  himself  in  a  narrow  passage  with 

the  determination  to  slay  the  king  as  he  passed. Ab  Attalo,  by  At- 

talus,  one  of  Philip's  generals. Advcrsarium,  his  adversary,  mean- 
ing Attalus. Ron  poterat;  supply  exigere. Ab  iniquo  judice, 

from  the  unjust  judge,  meaning  Philip. 

235.  DeceptiS  hostibus,  lit.  inthe  deceived  enemy  ;  render  in  deceiv- 
ing the  enemy.  549, note  2. Gander  e,re/m'ced,  Historical  Infinitive, 

of  which  several  other  examples  occur  in  this  paragraph. Hie  $ 

supply gaudere. Fusis;  supply hostibus. Hie  ...  exercebat,  *fe 

latter  was  wont  to  exercise  his  royal  power  upon,  or  against,  his  friends. 
Amari ;  depends  upon  matte. Metui ;  supply  matte. — -Soller- 

92  tiae  pater ;  supply  erat. Ille abstinebat,  he  did  not  abstain 

from  (i.  e.  from  oppressing  or  annoying)  even  his  allies. Nee=et 

non,  is  here  rendered  not  even.- Qnibus  artibns,  by  these  arts,  refer- 
ring to  the  enumeration  just  given  of  the  characteristics  of  the  fathef 
and  son,  Philip  and  Alexander. 

236.  Caedis  conscios  ....  occidi  jnssitt     It  was  a  common  custom 
in  antiquity  thus  to  slay  murderers  and  assassins  upon  the  graves  of 
their  victims,  to  appease  the  shades,  or  spirits,  of  the  dead.    In  the 
same  way,  in  war,  prisoners  were  often  slain  over  the  graves  of  fallen 

heroes. Sibi  ....  praefatus*     There  is  no  little  ostentation  in  this 

statement.    It  was  of  course  made  for  effect. Opes.    Object  of 

cogitabant  understood;  construed  literally,  the  passage  would  read 
thus :  they  thought  of  nothing  if  not  the  riches,  i.  e.  if  they  did  not  think 

of  the  riches,  etc. ;  render,  they  thought  of  nothing  except  the,  etc. 

In  IliOj  in  Ilium,  i.  e.  in  the  district,  not  in  the  city  ;  hence  the  Abla- 
tive with  in,  not  the  Genitive,  as  in  the  names  of  towns. Tumulos 

hcrouia.    In  the  vicinity  of  Troy,  mounds  are  still  pointed  out  as  the 
burial  places  of  heroes,  who  three  thousand  years  since  fell  in  the 
Trojan  war. 

237.  Parcendnm  suis  rebus*    Alexander  thus  inspires  his  soldiers 
with  courage  and  confidence.     He  speaks  of  the  country  as  already 

93  hi*  and  theirs. In  exercitu duae.    Observe  that  the  copula- 
tive connectives  are  omitted  between  the  several  subjects. Yeteranos, 


NOTES.  137 

PAGH 

veterans,  nsed  substantively,  441. Elcctos  \  supply  esse. In  cam-  93 

pis  Adrastiae,  in  the  plains  of  Adrastia,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river 
Granicus,  from  which  the  battle  took  its  name  :  battle  of  the  Granicus. 

238.  Defunct! ;  from  defungor. Ccnfossi  ;  from  confodio. 

Ad  hoc  ipsum,/or  this  very  purpose. Omnes  ante  enm  reges,  lit.  all  94 

before  him  kings,  i.  e.  all  the  kings  before  him,  or  before  his  time. 

239.  Nihii  ex  ....  Aegyptiornm  more.    Alexander  was  careful  not 

to  give  offence  by  disregarding  the  customs  of  the  country. JovlS 

Ammonis  oracnlnm.     The  oracle  of  Jupiter  Ammon  was  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  in  the  world. Sedem  consecratam  deo.    This  was 

situated  in  a  beautiful  oasis  of  the  Libyan  desert. Parentem  Jovem, 

parent  or  father  Jupiter,  i.  e.  his  father  Jupiter.     Thus  the  priest,  per- 
ceiving his  ambitious  vanity,  flattered  him  with  the  title — son  of  Ju- 

piter. Parentem  ejns,  his  parent,  i.  e.  Jupiter.     The  priest  still 

continues  his  flattery. An  anctor  ....  colendi regem,  lit.  whe-  95 

ther  he,  i.  e.  Jupiter,  would  be  to  them  the  author  of  worshipping  the 
king  with  divine  honors,  i.  e.  whether  he  would  authorize  them  to  wor- 
ship their  king  with  divine  honors. 

240.  Nobilem,  famous. Quin  ....  CSSCt  OCCisus,  that  the  king 

Mmself  was  slain  ;  XXVI.  6. 

241.  Spe  .  .  .  .  libertatis.     Greece,  it  will  be  remembered,  lost  its 
independence  by  the  battle  of  Chaeronea.     See  above  (232). 

242.  Cni  gloriae,  this  glory,  i.  e.  that  of  conquest  and  empire.  96 

243.  Recedentem  5   supply  eum. Invitat,   invites,  i.  e.  invites 

him  to  drink  with  him. Ut ....  poseeret  \  XXIV.  2,  5). Inter 

bibendnm,  while  drinking. 

244.  Aeacidarnm.    Alexander  was,  by  his  mother,  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Aeacus,  the  grandfather  of  Achilles. Sine  nllo  ....  argn- 

mentO,  without  any  mark  of  a  more  sad  mind,  i.  e.  without  any  indica- 
tion of  unusual  sadness. Dignissimnm.    Adjective  used  substan-  97 

tively ;  object  of  facere  understood. Judieio,  by  a  tacit  decision, 

opposed  to  voce. 

245.  Quo  die  —  die,  quo,  the  day,  on  which.    Here  the  relative 

must  not  be  rendered  according  to  453. Puer,  when  a  boy;  363,3. 

Aristotcle  ....  magistro.     Philip  placed  the  youthful  Alexan- 
der under  the  special  instruction  of  Aristotle,  the  celebrated  philoso- 
oher  of  Athens.     Both  teacher  and  pupil  have  left  names  famous  in 

the  annals  of  the  world. Tautam  ....  fi  jnciam  fecit,  he  inspired 

his  soldiers  with  such  confidence. 

246.  2.  He  is  said  to  have,  etc.     Give  also  the  impersonal  construc- 
tion.   See  534,  1. 9.  To  present  the  general  ....  crown.    What 

two  constructions  are  admissible  ?     See  384,  II.  2.     Give  both  con- 
structions. 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


For  Explanation  of  References  and  Abbreviations,  see  page  ii. 


A.     An  abbreviation  of  Aulus. 

A,  ab,  abs,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  by. 

Ab-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.     To  lead 

away,  take  away,  remove. 
Ab-eo,  Ire,  Ivi,  or  ii,  itum.     To  go 

away,  depart,  withdraw  from.  295. 
Ab-hinc,  adv.     Henceforth,  from  this 

time,  before,  ago,  since. 
Abjicio,  £re,jeci,  jectum,  (ab,  jacio). 

To  throw    away,   throw,   reject; 

prostrate,  humble. 
Abripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (ab,  ra- 

pio).     To  take  away,  carry  off. 
Ab-rumpo,  ?re,  rupi,  ruptum.     To 

break  off  or  away,  rend,  sever. 
Absens,  entis,  part,  (absum).  Absent. 
Abstineo,   ere,   tinui,    tentum,   (abs, 

teneo).     To  keep  or  hold  back, 

abstain  from. 
Ab-sum,  esse,  fui.    To  be  absent  or 

away,  to  be  distant  from.  204,  290. 
Ab-sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum.    To 

take  from  or  away ;  destroy,  con- 
sume. 
Ab-undo,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  abound, 

abound  in,  superabound,  have  an 

abundance. 
Ab-utor,  uti,  usus  sum,  dep.     To  use 

up,  consume,  abuse. 


Ac,  a  shortened  form  of  atque.  And, 
Ac  si,  as  if. 

Acca,  ae,  f.  Acca,  a  Roman  name. 
Acca  Laurentia,  ae,  f.  Acca  Lau- 
rentia,  the  wife  of  Faustulus,  and 
nurse  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(153). 

Acccdo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum,  (ad,  cedo). 
To  approach,  come  to,  accede  to ; 
be  added  to.  Accedit,  impers.,  it 
is  added,  there  is  the  additional 
fact  that. 

Accendo,  $re,  cendi,  censum,  (ad, 
candeo).  To  set  on  fire,  kindle ; 
to  excite,  inflame. 

Acceptus,  a,  um,  part,  (accipio).  Ac- 
cepted ;  acceptable,  pleasing. 

Accipio,  &re,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ad,  capio). 
To  accept,  receive. 

Accurro,  tire,  curri,  (cucnrri  rare), 
cursum,  (ad,  curro).  To  run  to, 
hasten  to. 

Accuso,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  causa). 
To  call  to  account,  to  accuse. 

Acer,  acris,  acre.  Sharp ;  powerful, 
valiant;  diligent,  intense,  severe. 
163,  1. 

Acerbm,  a,  um,  (acer).  Sour,  un- 
ripe, morose,  disagreeable. 

Achaia,  ae,  f.    Achaia,  an  important 


140 


LATIN  READER. 


[ACEILLE8 


province  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  Peloponnesus. 

Achilles,  is,  m.  Achilles,  the  most 
celebrated  Grecian  hero  in  the 
Trojan  war,  son  of  Peleus  and 
Thetis,  (134). 

Acies,  ti,  f.  The  order  of  battle, 
battle  array ;  line  of  soldiers  ;  ar- 
my in  battle  array. 

Acquiesco,  ere,  quievi,  quietum  (ad, 
quiesco).  To  become  quiet,  to  re- 
pose ;  to  acquiesce  in. 

Acriter,  acrius,  acerrtrne,  adv.  (acer). 
Vehemently,  valiantly.  306. 

Actium,  ii,  n.  Actium,  a  promontory 
and  town  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Ambracian  Gulf  on  the  western 
coast  of  Greece,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Augustus  over  Antony 
and  Cleopatra,  (214). 

Acuo,  ere,  ui,  utum.  To  sharpen, 
quicken;  stimulate. 

Acutus,  a,  urn,  part.  (acuo).  Sharp- 
ened, pointed,  sharp,  acute,  intel- 
ligent, clear-sighted. 

Ad,  prep,  with  ace.  To,  towards; 
until ;  at,  near. 

Ad-do,  8re,  didi,  ditum.  To  add, 
carry  to,  appoint  to. 

Ad-duco,  8re,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
to,  conduct,  bring,  induce. 

Ad-eo,  adv.     So,  to  such  an  extent. 

Ad-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  go 
to,  approach,  visit;  encounter. 
296. 

Ad-huc,  adv.  Thus  far,  as  yet,  even 
yet;  still. 

Adtmo,  8re,  emi,  emptum,  (ad,  emo). 
To  take  from,  deprive  of. 

Adipiscor,  ci,  adeptus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
apiscor).  To  obtain,  get  posses- 
sion of. 


Adjia'o,  &re,  jeci,  jectum,  (ad,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  cast  to  or  against,  add 
to ;  animum  adjicere,  to  direct  or 
give  attention  to. 

Ad-jungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum.  To 
join  to,  unite  with. 

Adjutor,  oris,  m.  (adjiivo).  Aid,' 
helper,  assistant. 

Ad-juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.  To  help, 
assist,  support. 

Ad-ministro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  ad» 
minister,  manage. 

Ad-mirabilis,  e.  Admirable,  won- 
derful. 

Ad-miratio,  onis,  f.  (admlror).  Ad- 
miration, respect. 

Admlror,  ari,  aim  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
miror).  To  admire,  wonder  at. 

Ad-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  send 
to  or  forward,  to  admit,  receive. 

Admodum,  adv.  (ad,  modus).  Very, 
exceedingly. 

Ad-moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  admon- 
ish, warn. 

Admonitus,  us,  m.  (admoneo).  Warn- 
ing, advice ;  instigation. 

Ad-moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
move  to,  apply  to,  bring  to. 

Adolescens,  entis,  adj.  and  subs.,  m. 
and  f.  (adolesco).  Young,  grow- 
ing ;  a  young  man,  a  youth. 

Adolescentia,  ae,  f.  (adolescens). 
Youth. 

Ad-olesco,  ere,  olevi,  ultum.  To  grow, 
grow  up,  increase. 

Ad-opto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  choose, 
adopt;  take  for  a  son,  daughter, 
etc. 

Ad-orior,  iri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  To  at- 
tack, attempt,  strive ;  begin.  288, 2. 

Ad-orno,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  adorn, 
furnish,  equip. 


A.EQUUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


Adrastia,  ae,  f.  Adrastia,  a  district 
and  city  of  Mysia,  (237). 

Adspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (ad, 
specie).  To  see,  look  at,  behold. 

Ad-slo,  are,  stiti,  stdtum.  To  stand 
near,  stand  by. 

Ad-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  be  present 
or  at  hand,  assist,  stand  by.  204, 
290. 

Adulatio,  onis,  f.  Adulation,  flat- 
tery. 

Advectus,  a,  um,  part,  (adveho). 
Brought,  carried  to. 

Ad-veho,  ere,  vexi,  vectum.  To  con- 
duct, convey,  import. 

Ad-venio,  ire,  vcni,  ventum.  To  come 
to,  arrive. 

Adventus,  us,  m.  (advenio).  Arrival, 
approach. 

Adversarius,  a,  wm.adj.  (adversus). 
Opposite,  opposing. 

Adversarius,  ii,  m.  subs,  (adversus). 
Adversary,  opponent,  antagonist. 

Adversus,  a,  um,  part,  (adverto).  Op- 
posite, over  against,  adverse,  hos- 
tile ;  fronting,  in  front. 

Adversus,  or  adversum,  adv.,  and 
prep,  with  ace.  (adverto).  Against, 
towards,  opposite  to. 

Aeacides,  ae,  m.  A  patronymic  de- 
noting a  descendant  of  Aeacus, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  Achil- 
les. The  name  is  often  applied  to 
Achilles;  Alexander  the  Great 
also  claimed  it  for  himself,  (244). 

Aedes,  or  aedis,  is,  f.  Temple  in  the 
sing. ;  but  in  the  plur.  dwelling, 
habitation,  house.  132. 

Aedifico,  are,avi,  atum,(&edes,  facio). 
To  build. 

Aedilitius,  or  aedilicius,  a,  um, 
(aedes).  Pertaining  to  the  aediles. 


Aedilitius,  i,  m.,  one  who  has  been 
aedile.  The  aediles  were  Roman 
magistrates  who  had  charge  of  the 
public  buildings,  highways,  &c., 
and  acted  as  city  police. 

Aeglna,  ae,  f.  Aegina,  an  island 
near  Attica,  (56). 

Aegos  flumen.  Aegospotamos,  a 
river  and  town  in  the  Thracian 
Chersonesus,  noted  for  the  defeat 
of  the  Athenians  by  Lysander, 
(226). 

Aegrotus,  a,  um.  Sick,  ill,  diseased. 

Aegyptus,  i,  f.     Egypt,  (210). 

Aegyptius,  «,  um,  Egyptian  ;  subs. 
Aegyptius,  i,  m.,  an  Egyptian, 
(239). 

Aemilius,  ii,  m.  The  family  name 
of  several  distinguished  Romans. 
Lucius  Aemilius,  surnamed  Paul- 
US,  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cannae, 
(191).  Another  of  the  same  name 
conquered  Perseus  and  reduced 
Macedonia  to  a  Roman  province, 
(198). 

Aemulus,  a,  um.  Emulous ;  often 
used  substantively,  as,  rival,  com- 
petitor. 

Aeneas,  ae,  m.  Aeneas,  a  Trojan 
prince  who  after  the  destruction 
of  Troy  is  said  to  have  fled  into 
Italy  and  formed  a  settlement, 
(149). 

Aequdlis,  e.     Equal,  like. 

Aeque,  aequius,  aequissime,  adv. 
(aequus).  Equally,  similarly. 

Aequiparo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To 
equal,  make  equal. 

Aequitas,  atis,  f.  (aequus).  Equality, 
equity,  justice. 

Aequus,  a,  um.  Equal,  similar; 
just,  fair  ;  favorable,  propitious. 


142 


LATIN  READER. 


Aer,  aem,  m.  The  air,  atmo- 
sphere. 

Acstimo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  value, 
estimate.  Parvi  aestimdre,  to  think 
little  of,  esteem  lightly. 

Aestuo,  are,  dm,  dtum.  To  be  in 
agitation;  to  be  warm,  endure 
heat. 

Aetas,  dtis,  f.    Age,  time  of  life,  life. 

Affero,  ferre,  attuli,  alldtum,  (ad, 
fero).  To  bring,  carry  to,  report. 

Afficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum  (ad,  facio). 
To  affect,  influence. 

Affigo,  ere,  fixi,  fixum,  (ad,  figo). 
To  affix,  fasten  to. 

Affirmo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (ad,  firmo). 
To  affirm,  confirm,  ratify. 

Afflictus,  a,  urn,  part,  (affligo).  Af- 
flicted, troubled,  prostrated. 

Affligo,  ere,flixi,  fiictum,  (ad,  fligo). 
To  afflict,  trouble,  overthrow. 

Affluo,  tre,  fluxi,  jluxum,  (ad,  fluo). 
To  flow  toward ;  overflow,  abound 
in. 

Africa,  ae,  f.    Africa,  (200). 

Africdnus,  a,  urn,  (Africa).  African. 
Also  the  surname  given  to  the 
two  most  distinguished  Scipios  for 
their  achievements  in  Africa  du- 
ring the  Punic  wars,  (196,  200). 

Ager,  agri,  m.  Field,  land,  terri- 
tory. 

Agesilaus,  i,  m.  Agesilaus,  a  Spar- 
tan king,  (96). 

i  Agger,  gris,  m.     Mound,    rampart, 

wall. 

iggredior,  i,  gressus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
gradior).  To  approach,  attack, 
attempt. 

Agis,  idis,  m.  Agis,  king  of  the 
Lacedaemonians  in  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (241). 


Agitdtus,  a,  urn,  part,  (agito).  Agi« 
tated,  troubled. 

Agito,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  harass, 
trouble,  think  of. 

Agmen,  mis,  n.  (ago).  An  army, 
generally  on  the  march,  band  of 
soldiers,  troop. 

Agnosco,  ere,  novi,  nztum,  (ad, 
(g)nosco).  To  recognize. 

Ago,  ere,  egi,  actum.  To  conduct, 
drive,  do,  act,  execute,  treat,  ar- 
gue; annum  vicesimum  agere,  to 
be  in  his  (or  her)  twentieth  year. 

Agricbla,  ae,  m.  (ager,  colo).  Hus- 
bandman, farmer. 

Agricultura,  ae,  f.    Agriculture. 

Agrigentum,  i,  n.  Agrigentum,  a 
large  and  wealthy  town  in  Sicily. 

Agrippa,  ae,  m.  A  family  name 
among  the  Romans.  Menenius 
Agrippa  induced  the  people  who 
had  revolted  at  Rome  and  taken 
up  their  quarters  upon  Mons  Sacer 
to  return  into  the  city,  (173). 

Aio,  ais,  ait,  etc.,  defect.  To  say, 
affirm.  297,  II.  1. 

Ala,  ae,f.     Wing. 

Alacer,  cris,  ere.  Active,  prompt, 
joyful. 

Alba,  ae,  f. ;  or  Alba  Longa,  ae,  f. 
A  city  of  Latium  founded  by  As- 
canius,  (150). 

Albdnus,  a,  urn.  Alban.  Mons  Al~ 
bdnus,  a  rocky  mountain  sixteen 
roiles  southeast  of  Rome,  (150). 

Albdnus,  i,  m.  An  Alban,  a  citizen 
of  Alba,  (151). 

Albus,  a,  um.     White. 

Alcibiddes,  is.  m.  Alcibiades,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Pelopon- 
nesianwar,  (223-225). 

Alexander,  driy  m.   Alexander.   Tho 


AMPLUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


most  distinguished  of  this  name 
was  the  son  and  successor  of 
Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  (235- 
245).  A  second  of  the  same  name 
was  king  of  Epirus  and  son-in-law 
of  Philip,  (234). 

Alexandria,  ae,  f.  Alexandria,  a 
celebrated  city  of  Egypt,  built  by 
Alexander  the  Great ;  (239). 

Algeo,  ere,  alsi.  To  be  cold,  to  feel 
cold,  endure  cold. 

Alias.  Otherwise,  at  another  time ; 
non  alias,  on  no  other  occasion. 

Alienus,  a,  um,  (alius).  Belonging 
to  another,  foreign ;  unfavorable. 

Aliquando.  At  some  time,  once, 
formerly,  finally,  now  at  last. 

Aliquantum,  adv.  Somewhat,  in 
some  degree. 

Atiquis,  qua,  quod,  and  quid,  (alius, 
quis).  Some  one,  some. 

Aliquot,  indecl.  pi.  adj.  Several, 
some. 

Aliter,  adv.  (alius).     Otherwise. 

Alius,  a,  ud,  (gen.  alius,  etc.)  Other, 
another ;  alius  —  alius,  one  —  an- 
other: alii — alii,  some — others, 
(151). 

Allia,  ae,  f.  The  river  Allia,  a  few 
miles  north  of  Rome,  (176). 

Alluquor,  loqui,  cutus  sum,  dep. 
(ad,  loquor).  To  speak  to,  ad- 
dress. 

Alo,  ere,  alui,  alitum  or  altum.  To 
support,  keep,  nourish,  strengthen, 
feed. 

Alpes,  ium,  f.  The  Alps,  a  high 
range  of  mountains  north  of 
Italy. 

Alte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (altus).  On 
high,  high. 

Alter,  era,  8rum,  (gen.  alterius).  One 


of  two,  the  other ;  alter — alter, 
the  one  —  the  other ;  alter  as 
numeral  =  second. 

Altus,  a,  um.  High,  noble,  great ; 
deep,  profound ;  altum  substan- 
tively,  the  sea,  the  deep. 

Amabtiis,  e,  (amo).  Lovely,  amia- 
ble. 

Ambio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum,  (amb,  or 
ambi,  eo).  To  surround,  encom- 
pass. 295,  3. 

Ambitio,  onis,  f.  (ambio).  Can- 
vassing, flattery,  ambition. 

Ambo,  ae,  o.    Both.    175,  note  2. 

Amentia,  ae,  f.  (amens).  Folly, 
want  of  reason. 

Amicitia,  ae,  f.  (amicus).  Friend- 
ship. 

Amlcus,  i,  m.     Friend. 

Amicus,  a,  um.     Friendly,  kind. 

A-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To  send 
away,  to  lose. 

Ammon,  or  Hammon,  onis,  m.  An 
appellation  of  Jupiter  as  worship- 
ped in  Africa,  (239). 

Amnis,  is,  m.     River. 

Amo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  love. 

Amor,  oris,  m.  (amo).  Love,  affec- 
tion, desire ;  a  loved  object,  dar- 
ling. 

Amphithedtrum,  i,  n.  Amphithe- 
atre, in  Rome  a  circular  or  oval 
building  used  for  public  specta- 
cles. 

Ample,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (amplus). 
Abundantly,  amply. 

Amplio,  are,  avi,  atum,  (amplus). 
To  enlarge. 

Amplius,  adv.  (comp.  of  ample), 
More,  further. 

Amplus,  a,  um.  Ample,  spacious^ 
large. 


H4: 


LATIN   READER. 


[AMULIU& 


Amulius,  ii,  m.  Amulius,  son  of 
Procas  king  of  Alba ;  he  was  the 
brother  of  Numitor,  (152). 

An,  interrog.  particle.  Or,  whether. 
353. 

Anaxagbras,  ae,  m.  Anaxagoras,  a 
distinguished  Greek  philosopher 
of  Clazomenae,  (112). 

Anaxarchus,  i,  m.  Anaxarchus,  a 
philosopher  of  Abdera,  who  ac- 
companied Alexander  into  Asia. 

Anceps,  ancipitis.     Twofold,  double. 

Anchlses,  ae,  m.  Anchises,  the  fa- 
ther of  Aeneas.  50. 

Ancas,  i,  m. ;  or  Ancus  Martius,  ii, 
m.  The  fourth  king  of  Rome, 
(161). 

Angor,  oris,  m.  Anxiety,  care,  an- 
guish. 

Angustia,  ae,  f.  (angustus),  used 
mostly  in  pi.  Narrow  pass,  diffi- 
culty ;  straits,  channel. 

Angustus,  a,  um.  Narrow,  confined, 
contracted,  small. 

Anima,  ae,  f.     Breath,  life. 

Animadverto,  ere,  verti,  versum  (ani- 
mus, adverto).  To  notice,  observe, 
perceive. 

Animal,  alis,  n.     Animal. 

Animus,  i,  m.     Mind,  soul,  courage. 

Anio,  Anienis,  m.  The  Anio,  a 
small  river  of  Italy,  a  tributary  of 
the  Tiber,  (173). 

Annecto,  ere,  nexui,  nexum,  (ad,  nec- 
to).  To  tie  to,  annex,  fasten  to. 

Annulus,  or  anulus,  i,  m.     Ring. 

Annus,  i,  m.     Year. 

Annuus,  a,  um,  (annus).  Lasting  a 
year,  for  a  year,  annual. 

Ante,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Be- 
fore, in  respect  to  place  or  time ; 
formerly. 


Antea,  adv.  (ante,  ea).  Formerly, 
hitherto. 

Ante-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
place  before ;  to  prefer. 

Ante-quam,  adv.  Before,  before 
that. 

Antigonus,  i,  m.  Antigonus,  king! 
of  Macedonia,  (121). 

Antiochla,  ae,  f.  Antioch,  the  chief 
city  of  Syria,  founded  by  Seleucus, 
and  named  by  him  in  honor  of  his 
father  Antiochus,  (206). 

Antiochus,  i,  m.  1.  Antiochus  the 
Great,  king  of  Syria.  2.  Antio- 
chus, the  Academic  philosopher 
and  teacher  of  Cicero,  (80). 

Antipater,  tri,  m.  Antipater,  one  of 
Alexander's  generals  ;  after  the 
death  of  Alexander  he  received 
the  government  of  Greece  and 
Macedonia,  (241). 

Antlquus,  a,  um.    Ancient,  early. 

Antistes,  itis,  m.  and  f.  President ; 
priest,  priestess. 

Antonius,  ii,  m.  Antony ;  Marcus 
Antonius  formed  a  triumvirate 
with  Octavianus  and  Lepidus, 
(212).  Cains  Antonius  was  the 
colleague  of  Cicero  in  the  consul- 
ship, (207). 

Anxietas,  dtis,  f.  Anxiety,  solicitude. 

Apelles,  is,  m.  Apelles,  a  distin- 
guished Greek  painter  in  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  (97). 

Aperte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (apertus). 
Openly,  publicly. 

Apertus,  a,  um,  part,  (aperio).  Open* 
ed ;  open,  free,  clear,  manifest. 

Apollo,  inis,  m.  Apollo,  the  god  of 
divination. 

Apparatus,  us,  m.  Preparation, 
equipment. 


ARMENIA] 


LATEST-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


145 


Apparatus,  a,  um,  part.  (app&ro). 
Prepared,  ready,  equipped. 

Appellatio,  dnis,  f.  (appello).  Name, 
title. 

Appello,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  pello). 
To  call,  name. 

Appello,  ere, puli, puhum,  (ad,  pello). 
To  drive  to,  bring  to,  induce. 

Appeto,  ere,  petlvi,  petii,  petltum, 
(ad,  peto).  To  long  for,  strive 
after;  assail:  appetens,  entis,  de- 
siring, desirous  of. 

Appius,  ii,  m.  Appius,  a  Roman 
name.  Appius  Claudius,  ii,  m., 
one  of  the  Decemviri,  (26). 

Approbo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  probo). 
To  approve,  favor. 

Appropinquo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad, 
propinquo).  To  approach,  come 
near. 

Aplus,  a,  urn.  Fitted,  adapted,  suit- 
ed, proper. 

Apud,  prep,  with  ace.  At,  near, 
among,  at  the  house  of,  in  the 
works  of  (applied  to  authors). 

Apulia,  ae,  f.  Apulia,  a  province  in 
southern  Italy,  (204). 

Aqua,  ae,  f.     Water. 

Aquila,  ae,  f.    Eagle. 

Ara,  ae,  f.    Altar. 

Arabs,  abis.  Arabian;  subs,  an 
Arabian,  inhabitant  of  Arabia  in 
Asia,  (26). 

Aratrum,  i,  n.     Plough. 

Arblla,  or  urn,  n.  Arbela,  a  town  in 
Assyria,  famous  for  the  victory  of 
Alexander  over  Darius,  (240). 

$.rbitror,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
think,  judge,  regard. 

Arceo,  or  cere,  arcui.  To  inclose, 
restrain,  keep  from. 

Ardea,  ae,  f.     Ardea,  a  city  of  La- 


tium,  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome, 
(167). 

Ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsum.  To  be  on 
fire,  burn. 

Ardesco,  ere,  arsi.  To  take  fire, 
kindle. 

Aresco,  ere,  arui.  To  become  dry, 
to  dry. 

Arethusa,  ae,  f.  Arethusa,  a  cele- 
brated fountain  in  Sicily,  near 
Syracuse. 

Argenteus,  a,  um,  (argentum).  Made 
of  silver,  of  silver. 

Argentum,  i,  n.    Silver. 

Argos,  n.  (only  in  nom.  and  ace.),  or 
Argi,  drum,  m.  pi.  Argos,  the  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Argolis  in 
the  Peloponnesus ;  the  name  was 
often  applied  to  the  province  itself 
and  poetically  to  all  Greece,  (96). 

Argumentum,  i,  n.  Argument,  sign, 
mark. 

Ariminum,  i,  n.  Ariminum,  a  town 
in  Umbria  on  the  Adriatic,  (209). 

Ariovistus,  i,  m.  Ariovistus,  king 
of  a  German  tribe  in  the  time  of 
Caesar,  (47). 

Aristldes,  is,  m.  Aristides,  an  Athe- 
nian general  and  statesman,  re- 
nowned for  his  integrity,  (49). 

Aristobulus,  i,  m.  A  king  of  Judea, 
who  was  taken  by  Pompey  and 
carried  as  prisoner  to  Rome,  (206). 

Aristoteles,  is,  m.  A  distinguished 
philosopher,  and  the  teacher  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (85,  245). 

Arma,  drum,  n.  pi.  Arms,  force  of 
arms. 

Armdtus,  a,  um,  part.  (armo).  Armed. 

Armenia,  ae,  f.  Armenia,  a  country 
of  Asia,  divided  by  the  river  Eu- 
phrates into  two  unequal  parts. 


LATIN   EEADEE. 


fAEMILL' 


viz. :  the  eastern,  called  Armenia 
Major,  and  the  western,  called 
Armenia  Minor,  (205). 

Armilla,  ae,  f.     Bracelet. 

Armo,  are,  am,  atum,  (arma).  To 
arm. 

Arripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (ad, 
rapio).  To  seize  upon,  seize. 

Arrbgans,  antis,  part,  (arrogo). 
Proud,  arrogant. 

Arrbgantia,  ae,  f.  (arrogans).  Ar- 
rogance, pride. 

Arrogo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (ad,  rogo). 
To  claim,  arrogate. 

Ars,  arlis,  f.    Art,  skill. 

Artaphernes,  is,  m.  Artaphernes, 
nephew  of  Darius,  (215). 

Arteni'isium,  ii,  n.  Artemisium,  a 
promontory  and  town  on  the  is- 
land of  Euboea,  (218). 

Artus,  its,  m. ;  sing.  rare.  Joint,  limb. 

Arum,  Anmtis,  m.  1.  Aruns,  the 
brother  of  Tarquin  the  Proud, 
(39,  iv.).  2.  Aruns,  the  son  of 
Tarquin,  (170).  ^ 

Arx,  arcis,  f.     Citadel. 

Ascanim,  ii,  m.  Ascanius,  the  son 
of  Aeneas,  (150). 

Asia,  ae,  f.    Asia,  (16). 

Asina,  ae,  m.  Asina,  a  surname  of 
Cnaeus  Cornelius,  who  was  the 
colleague  of  Duillius  in  the  con- 
sulship in  the  early  part  of  the 
first  Punic  war,  (185). 

Aspis,  idis,  f.     Asp. 

Asporto,  are,  avi,  atum,  (abs,  porto). 
To  bear  or  carry  away. 

Assequor,  sequi,  stfciitus  sum,  dep. 

•  (ad,  sequor).  To  overtake,  ob- 
tain. 

Asseveratio.,  vnis,  f.  Declaration, 
assertion. 


Assidum,  a,  urn.  Assiduous;  fre 
quent;  continual,  incessant,  con. 
stant. 

Assigno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  signo). 
Assign,  bestow. 

Asto,  for  ad~sto. 

Astrum,  i,  n.    Star,  constellation. 

Astu,  n,  indec.  City,  generally  op, 
plied  to  Athens. 

Asylum,  i,  n.  Asylum,  place  of 
refuge. 

At,  conj.    But,  yet. 

Ater,  tra,  trum.  Dark,  black, 
gloomy. 

AtJienae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Athens,  the 
capital  of  Attica,  (227). 

Atheniensis,  e,  adj.  (Athenae). 
Athenian ;  subs.  Atheniensis,  is, 
m.,  an  Athenian,  (216). 

Atilius,  ii,  m.  Atilius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Regidus. 

Atque,  conj.  And,  and  also,  anfl 
besides ;  atque — atque,  both — and. 

Attains,  i,  m.  Attalus,  one  of  Phi- 
lip's generals,  (234). 

Attica,  ae,  f.  An  important  state  in 
Greece,  (216). 

Atticus,  a,  um,  (Attica).  Attic, 
Athenian ;  subs.  Atticits,  i,  m. 
An  inhabitant  or  citizen  of  At- 
tica, (36). 

Atticus,  i,  m.  Atticus,  a  surname  of 
the  Roman,  Titus  Pomponius,  (99). 

Attingo,  ere,  tigi,  tactum,  (ad,  tan- 
go). To  attain,  touch,  enter  upon, 
undertake,  commence. 

Attius,  ii,  m.  Attius,  a  Roman  name, 
(89). 

Attribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributum,  (ad, 
tribuo).  To  attribute  to,  ascribe 
to,  to  bestow,  to  assign,  or  im- 
pute to. 


BENEVOLENTIA]        LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


Auclor,  or  is,  m.  (augeo).  Author, 
founder,  approver,  adviser,  au- 
thority. 

Auctoritas,  dtis,  f.  (auctor).  Author- 
ity, influence. 

Audacia,  ae,  f.  (audax).  Boldness, 
insolence,  audacity. 

Audax,  auddcis,  (audeo).  Bold, 
audacious,  desperate. 

Audeo,  ere,  ausus  sum.  To  dare,  at- 
tempt. 268,  3. 

Audio,  Ire,  wi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  hear, 
listen  to. 

Aufugio,  ere,  fagi,  fugitum,  (ab, 
fugio).  To  flee  from ;  run  away 
from.  344,  5,  ab. 

Augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auctum.  To  en- 
large, increase. 

Auguror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
augur,  predict,  foretell. 

Augustus,  i,  m.  Augustus,  surname 
of  Octavius  Caesar,  the  first  of 
the  Roman  Emperors.  This  sur- 
name was  also  often  applied  to 
the  Emperors  generally,  (213). 

Aulus,  i,  m.  Aulus,  a  Roman  prae- 
nomen. 

Aurarius,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Pertain- 
ing to  gold ;  auraria  metalla, 
gold  mines. 

Aureus,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Made  of 
gold,  golden.  [driver. 

Auriga,  ae,  m.  and  f.      Charioteer, 

Auris,  is,  f.     Ear. 

Aurum,  i,  n.     Gold. 

Aut,  conj.  Or  ;  aut — aut,  either — 
or,  partly — partly. 

Aulem,  conj.     But,  moreover. 

Auxilium,  ii,  n.  (augeo.)  Aid  ;  plur. 
auxiliaries. 

Avaritia,  ae,  f.  (avarus).     Avarice. 
a,  um.    Avaricious. 


Aventlnus,  i,  m.  The  Aventine,  one 
of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  (154). 

Averto,  ere,  verti,  versum,  (ab,  verto). 
To  avert,  turn  from,  remove. 

Avidus,  a,  um.    Desirous,  eager. 

Avis,  is,  f.     Bird. 

Avus,  i,  m.     Grandfather. 

B. 

Babylonia,  ae,  f.  Babylonia,  a  prov- 
ince of  Syria :  also  Babylon,  the 
capital  of  Babylonia,  (243). 

Eacch aides,  ium,  pi.  (bacchor).  Vo- 
taries of  Bacchus. 

Bacchor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (Bac- 
chus). To  celebrate  the  festival 
of  Bacchus,  to  revel.  Bacchans, 
antis,  part,  revelling. 

Bacchus,  i,  m.  The  god  of  wine, 
(19). 

Barba,  ae,  f.     Beard. 

Barbdrus,  a,  um.  Foreign,  barber- 
ous,  rude. 

Barbdrus,  i,  m.  Foreigner,  bar. 
barian. 

Bedte,  iu»y  isslme,  adv.  (beatus). 
Happily. 

Beatus,  a,  um.     Happy. 

Belgae,  drum.  The  Belgians,  a  war* 
like  people  in  the  north  of  Gaul, 
(25). 

Bellicosus,  a,  um,  (bellum).  War- 
like. 

Bello,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (bellum).  To 
carry  on  war. 

Bellum,  i,  n.     War. 

Bene,  melius,  optime,  adv.  Well, 
306,2. 

Beneficium,  ii,  n.  (beneficus,  from 
bene,  facio).  Benefit,  favor,  kind- 
ness. 

Benevolentia,     ae,     f.     (benevolens, 


LATIN   READER. 


[BENIGNB 


from  bene,  volo).    Kindness,  be- 
nevolence. 

Benigne,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (benig- 
nus).  Kindly. 

Benignus,  a,  um.  Kind,  good,  be- 
nignant. 

Bestia,  ae,  f.     A  beast. 

Bestiola,  ae,  f.  (bestia).  A  small 
animal,  insect. 

Bibo,  ere,  bibi,  bibitum.     To  drink. 

Bibulus,  i,  m.  Bibulus,  a  Roman 
name ;  Lucius  Bibulus  was  Cae- 
sar's colleague  in  the  consulship, 
(208). 

Biduum,  i,  n.  (biduus).  A  period 
of  two  days. 

Biduus,  a,  um,  (bis,  dies).  Con- 
tinuing two  days. 

Biennium,  ii,  n.  (bis,  annus).  A 
period  of  two  years,  two  years. 

Biformis,  e,  (bis,  forma).  Having 
two  forms,  bifonned. 

Bini,  ae,  a,  distribute.  Two  by  two, 
two  and  two.  174,  2. 

Bis,  adv.     Twice. 

Boeotius,  ii,  m.  (Boeotia).-  A  Boeo- 
tian, inhabitant  of  Boeotia  in  cen- 
tral Greece,  (229). 

Boletus,  i,  m.     Mushroom. 

Bonitas,  atis,  f.  (bonus).  Goodness, 
excellence. 

Bonum,  i,  n.  (bonus).  Blessing, 
prosperity,  any  good;  pi.  bona, 
goods,  property. 

Bonus,  a,  urn;  melior,  optlmus. 
Good,  noble,  brave.  165. 

Bos,  Bovis,  m.  and  f.  Ox,  cow.  43, 
2;  66. 

Brachium,  ii,  n.     Arm,  fore-arm. 

Brevis,  e.     Short,  brief;  brevi  (tern- 
pore),  in  a  short  tune,  shortly. 
Britanrilcus,     a,     um,     (Britannia, 


Great  Britain].  British,  English, 
(208). 

Briiannus,  i,  m.  (Britannia).  A 
Briton,  (208). 

Brutus,  i,  m.  Brutus,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  was 
one  of  the  first  consuls  of  Rome, 
(168).  Marcus  Junius  Brutus  and 
Decimus  Junius  Brutus  acted 
prominent  parts  in  the  assassina- 
tion of  Caesar,  (211). 

Byzantium,  ii,  n.  Byzantium,  a 
city  on  the  Bosphorus,  now  Coix- 
stantinople. 

C. 

C.  An  abbreviation  of  Cams  ;  Cn. 
of  Cnaeus. 

Cado,  8re,  cecidi,  casum.  To  fall, 
fall  in  battle,  perish. 

Caecus,  a,  um.     Blind. 

Caedes,  is,  f.  (caedo).  Slaughter, 
bloodshed. 

Caedo,  ere,  cecidi,  caesum.  To  cut, 
kill,  slay. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.  Caesar,  a  surname 
of  the  Julian  family ;  Caius  Julius 
Caesar,  a  distinguished  general 
and  statesman.  The  title,  or  sur- 
name, Caesar,  was  also  applied 
generally  to  denote  the  Roman 
emperors,  (208). 

Caius,  ii,  m.  Caius,  a  Roman  name. 
See  Caesar. 

Calamitas,  atis,  f.  Loss,  calamity, 
disaster. 

Collide,  ius,  iss^me,  adv.  (callidus). 
Shrewdly,  skilfully. 

Camillus,  i,  m.  Camillus,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  (176). 

Campania,  ae,  f.  Campania,  a  prov* 
ince  in  Central  Italy,  (182). 


CASTOR] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


14:9 


Campanus,  a,  um,  (Campania).  Cam- 
panian,  of  Campania.  Subs,  a  Cam- 
panian,  (44,  131). 

Campus,  i,  m.  A  plain,  field  of 
battle. 

Candidus,  a,  urn.  White,  clear, 
bright,  light. 

Caninius,  ii,  m.  Caninius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  (80). 

Cannae,  arum,  f.  plur.  Cannae,  a 
village  in  Apulia,  famous  for  the 
great  victory  of  Hannibal  over  the 
Romans,  (191). 

Cannensis,  e,  adj.  (Cannae).  Belong- 
ing to  Cannae,  of  Cannae,  (194). 

Cano,  ere,  cecmi,  cantum.  To  sing, 
sound,  crow. 

Canto,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cano).  To 
sing,  play. 

Cantus,  us,  m.  (cano).  Singing, 
song,  melody. 

Capax,  ads,  (capio).  Capacious, 
large,  comprehensive,  able. 

Capesso,  £re,  Ivi,  Hum,  (capio).  To 
take,  seize;  fugam  capessere,  to 
resort  to  flight,  betake  one's  self 
to  flight.  336,  note  2. 

Capillus,  'i,  m.     Hair. 

Capio,  ere,  cepi,  captum.  To  take, 
take  possession  of,  hold,  receive. 

Capitalis,  e,  (caput).  Deadly,  mor- 
tal, capitate  crimen,  a  capital 
crime  or  offence. 

Capitohum,  ii,  n.  Capitol.  This 
term  is  applied  sometimes  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes 
to  the  whole  Capitoline  Hill,  in- 
cluding both  the  temple  and  the 
citadel  of  Rome. 
Capra,  qc,  f.  A  she-goat. 

Captivity,  Otis,  f.  (captivus.)  Cap- 
tivity, bondage. 


Captivus,  a,  um,  (capio).  Captive, 
enslaved;  substantively,  a  prison- 
er, a  captive. 

Caplus,  a,  um,  part,  (capio).  Cap- 
tured, taken. 

Capua,  ae,  f.  Capua,  the  chief  city 
of  Campania,  (204). 

Caput,  itis,  n.  Head,  capital ;  cap* 
tis  damndre,  to  condemn  ta 
death. 

Career,  eris,  m.     Prison. 

Careo,  ere,  carui,  caritum.  To  be 
destitute,  be  free  from,  be  with- 
out. 

Carmen,  mis,  n.  A  song,  poem; 
poetry. 

Caro,  carnis,  f.     Flesh. 

Carpentum,  i,  n.  Chariot,  car- 
riage. 

Carthago,  inis,  f.  Carthage,  an  an- 
cient city  in  Northern  Africa, 
(189).  Carthago  Nova.  New 
Carthage,  a  town  in  Spain;  now 
Carthagena,  (194). 

Carthaginiensis,  e,  adj.  (Carthago). 
Carthaginian ;  subs.  Carthagini' 
ensis,  is,  m.  a  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Carus,  a,  um.     Dear. 

Cassius,  ii,  m.  Cassius,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
accomplices  of  Catilino,  (97, 
15).  Caius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
conspirators  against  Caesar, 
(213). 

Caste,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (castus) 
Virtuously,  chastely. 

Castus,  a,  um.     Chaste,  pure. 

Castellum,  i,  n.  dimin.  (castrum). 
Castle,  fortress.  321,  4. 

Castor,  oris,  m.  Castor,  son  of  Tyn- 
darus  and  brother  of  Pollux,  (63, 
9). 


150 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[CASTE*. 


Castra,  orum,  n.  (pi.  of  castrum,  a 
castle).  Camp.  132. 

Casus,  us,  m.  (cado).  Fall,  misfor- 
tune, chance,  accident. 

Catilina,  ae,  m.  Catiline.  Lucius 
Sergius  Catillna,  the  notorious 
conspirator  against  the  Roman 
government,  (207). 

Catinensis  or  Catiniensis,  is.  m.  A 
Catinean,  a  citizen  of  Catina,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (223). 

Cato,  onis,  m.  Cato,  the  name  of 
several  distinguished  Romans. 
The  most  celebrated  was  Marcus 
Porcius  Cato,  the  Censor,  (88, 13). 

Catulus,  i,  m.  Catulus,  surname  of 
Caius  Lutatius,  a  Roman  consul 
at  the  close  of  the  first  Punic  war, 
(188). 

Caudinus,  a,  urn.  Caudine;  Fur- 
culae  Caudlnae,  the  Caudine 
Forks,  a  narrow  defile  near  Cau- 
dium,  in  Italy,  (179). 

Causa,  ae,  f.  Cause,  purpose,  busi- 
ness, suit  at  law. 

Causidicus,  i,  m.  (causa,  dico). 
Pleader,  advocate;  speaker. 

Cauies,  is,  f.     A  crag,  cliff,  rock. 

Caveo,  ere,  cavi,  cautum.  To  shun, 
avoid,  guard  against;  sibi  ab 
aliquo  cavere,  to  protect  one's  self 
from  any  one. 

Cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  give 
place  to,  yield  to,  withdraw,  de- 
part. 

Celeber,  bris,  bre.  Renowned,  cele- 
brated. 

Qclebro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (celSber). 
To  celebrate,  solemnize. 

Oder,  celeris.     Swift.     163,  1. 

Celerltas,  dtis,  f.  (celer).  Celerity, 
swiftness. 


Celeriter,  ius,  'rime,  adv.  (celer) 
Swiftly,  quickly.  306,  2. 

Cella,  ae,  f.  Store-room,  store- 
house; cella  penaria,  granary. 

Celo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  hide,  con- 
ceal. 

Censeo,  ere,  censui,  cenwm.  To 
thhik,  judge,  decree. 

Censormus,  i,  m.  Censormus,  sur- 
name of  Lucius  Marcius,  a  Roman 
consul  hi  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199). 

Census,  us,  m.     Census. 

Centum,  indec.     Hundred. 

Centurio,  onis,  m.  (centum).  Cen- 
turion. 

Cerno,  8re,  crevi,  cretum.  To  per. 
ceive,  see,  discern. 

Certamen,  Inis,  n.  (certo).  Contest, 
game,  engagement, 

Certatim,  adv.  (certatus,  from  certo). 
Earnestly,  eagerly. 

Certo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  fight, 
struggle,  contend,  endeavor. 

Certus,  a,  um.  Sure,  certain ;  cer- 
tidrem  facere,  to  inform. 

Gesso,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cedo).  To 
cease,  pause. 

Ceterus,  a,  um,  nom.  sing.  m.  not 
used.  The  other,  the  rest. 

Chaeronea,  ae,  f.  Chaeronea,  a  town 
in  Boeotia,  the  birth-place  of  Plu- 
tarch, (232). 

Chersonesus,  i,  f.  The  Chersonesus, 
a  peninsula  in  Thracia,  west  of  the 
Hellespont. 

Christianus,  a,  um.  Christian,  often 
used  substantively. 

Cicdtrix,  ids,  f.     Scar. 

Cicero,  6ms,  m.  Cicero,  the  cele- 
brated Roman  orator,  (207). 

Cincinnatus,  i,  m.     Cincinnatus,  a 


COEO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


151 


renowned  Roman  citizen  and  dic- 
tator, (71). 

Cineas,  ae,  m.  A  friend  and  favorite 
minister  of  Pyrrhus. 

Cincfo,  ere,  cinxi,  cinctum.  To  sur- 
round, encompass  ;  crown ;  invest. 

Cinna,  ae,  m.  Cinna,  a  surname 
among  the  Romans.  Lucius  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  confederate  of  Ma- 
rius  in  the  civil  war,  (203). 

Circa,  prep,  with  ace.  About, 
around,  among. 

Circiter,  prep. ,  with  ace.  About, 
near. 

Circum  =.  circa. 

Circum-do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To 
place  around,  surround,  invest. 

Circum-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
go  around,  surround,  encompass, 
295. 

Circumspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum. 
(circum,  specio).  To  look  round, 
look  for,  seek. 

Circum-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  Tu 
come  around,  encompass,  sur- 
round, circumvent,  deceive. 

Cis,  prep,  with  ace.  On  this  side 
of,  within. 

Cilo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  excite, 
urge,  hasten ;  citato  equo,  at  full 
gallop  or  speed. 

Cito,  citius,  cilissime,  adv.  (citus). 
Soon,  quickly. 

Citra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  On 
this  side. 

Citus,  a,  um.     Quick,  swift,  rapid. 

Civllis,  e,  (civis).     Civil,  domestic. 

Civilitas,  atis,  f.  (civllis).  Civility, 
politeness. 

Civis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Citizen. 

Civitas,  atis,  f.  (civis).     City,  state, 
citizenship. 
11 


Clades,  is,  f.  Loss,  slaughter,  de- 
struction, defeat. 

Clam,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  or 
abl.  Secretly,  without  the  know- 
ledge of. 

Clarus,  a,  um.  Splendid,  renowned, 
illustrious,  clear. 

Classiarius,  ii,  m.  (classis).  A  mac 
rine,  pi.  naval  forces. 

Classis,  is,  f.     A  fleet. 

Claudius,  ii,  m.  The  fourth  Roman 
emperor,  (41).  Appius  Claudius^ 
one  of  the  decemviri,  (26). 

Claudo,  daudere,  clausi,  clausum. 
To  close,  shut. 

Claudus,  a,  um.    Lame. 

Clemens,  entis.  Mild,  gentle,  clem- 
ent. 

dementia,  ae,  f.  (clemens).  Mild- 
ness, clemency. 

Cleopatra,  ae,  f.  Cleopatra,  queen 
of  Egypt,  (211).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  (234). 

Clipeus,  or  clypeus,  i,  m.     Shield. 

Cloaca,  ae,  f.     Sewer,  drain. 

Cnaeus,  or  Cneus,  i,  m.  Cnaeus,  a 
Roman  name;  as  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius. 

Coarguo,  ere,  coargui,  (cum,  arguo). 
To  arraign,  accuse,  indict;  con- 
vict. 

Codes,  itis,  m.  Codes,  a  Roman 
surname.  Horatius  Codes,  a  Ro- 
man, distinguished  in  the  war  with 
Porsena,  (171). 

Coelum,  i,  n.  The  heavens,  sky, 
weather. 

Coena,  ae,  f.  Principal  meal  of  the 
Romans,  supper,  dinner. 

Coeo,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum,  (cum,  eo) 
To  collect,  assemble.  295. 


152 


LATIN   READER. 


[COKPI 


Coepi,  isii,  it,  def.     To  begin.     297. 

Coerceo,  ercere,  ercui,  ercitum,  (cum, 
arceo).  To  check,  confine,  re- 
strain. 

Cogito,  are,  am,  atum.  To  think, 
ponder. 

Cognatus,  a,  urn.  Related,  subs,  a 
relative. 

Cognltus,  a,  um,  part,  (cognosce). 
Ascertained,  known. 

Cognomen,  Inis,  n.  (cum,  nomen  or 
gnomen).  Surname. 

Cognorriino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cogno- 
men). To  surname,  call,  name. 

Cognosco,  ere,  novi,  nitum,  (cum, 
nosco  or  gnosco).  To  ascertain, 
learn,  recognize. 

Cogo,  ere,  coegi,  coactum.  To  col- 
lect, force,  compel. 

Cohibco,  ere,  ui,  Itum,  (cum,  habeo). 
To  hold,  check,  confine. 

Cohors,  cohortis,  f.  Cohort,  tenth 
part  of  a  legion. 

CollatlnuSj  i,  m.  Collatinus,  sur- 
name of  Tarquinius,  the  colleague 
of  Brutus  in  the  consulship, 
(169). 

Collega,  ae%  m.     Colleague. 

Colligo,  ere,  Ugi,  lectum,  (cum,  lego). 
To  collect,  bring  together. 

Colloco,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cum,  loco). 
To  place,  set,  erect;  to  give  in 
marriage. 

Colloquium,  ii,  n.  (colloquor).  Con- 
versation, interview. 

Colloquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  loquor).  To  converse,  talk 
with. 

Collum,  i,  n.     Neck. 

Colo,   ere,  colui,  cultum.     To  culti- 

.     vate ;  honor,  worship. 

Color,  Oris,  m.     Color,  complexion. 


Comburo,  ere,  bussi,  bustum,  (cum, 

buro  =  uro,  to  burn).     To  burn, 

consume. 

Comes,  itis,  m.  and  f.     Companion. 
Comissatio,  onis,  f.     Revelling. 
Commeatus,  us,  m.     Supplies. 
Commemoro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cumr 

memoro).      To  recall,  remembei; 

commemorate,  mention. 
Commentor,  ari,  dtus  sum,  dep.    To 

meditate,  muse    upon,    consider, 

think,  devise,  invent. 
Commigro,    are,    avi,   atum,  (cum, 

migro).     To  migrate. 
Comminuo,    ere,   minui,    minutum, 

(cum,  minuo).     To  dash  in  pieces, 

crush  ;  lessen  ;  weaken. 
Committo,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (cum, 

mitto).     To  bring  together,  unite, 

intrust,  commit ;  pugnam  commit- 

tfre,  to  engage  in  battle. 
Commodurn,  i,  n.     Advantage,  bene- 
fit. 
Commodus,   a,   um,  (cum,  modus). 

Suitable,  fit,  proper,  convenient. 
Commontfacio,     ere,   fed,  factum, 

(cum,  moneo,  facio).     To^put  in 

mind,  remind,  impress  earnestly. 
Commbror,  ari,  atussum,  (cum,  mo- 

ror).     To  tarry,  delay. 
Commoveo,  ere,  movi,  motum,  (cum, 

moveo).     To  move,  excite. 
Communis,  e.     Common. 
Communiter,  adv.  (communis).     In 

common,  conjointly. 
Commutatio,  Onis,  f.     Change. 
Comparo,    are,    avi,    atum,    (cum, 

paro).     To   prepare,    make,  pro- 
cure, compare. 
Compello,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cum,  pel- 

lo).     To  address,  call. 
Compello,   ere,  puli,  pulsum,  (cum, 


CONGBESSIO/ 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


153 


pello).  To  thrust  together,  to 
force,  compel,  impel. 

Gompensatio,  onis,  f.  Compensa- 
tion, exchange,  barter. 

Comperio,  ire,  peri,  pertum.  To 
find,  find  out. 

Compes,  edis,  f.  (cum,  pes).  Fetter, 
chain. 

Compesco,  ere,  cui.  To  confine, 
check. 

Complector,  ti,  plexus  sum,  (cum, 
plector).  To  embrace,  encompass. 

Compleo,  ere,  em,  etum,  (cum,  pleo). 
To  fill,  complete. 

Complures,  a.  More  than  one; 
several,  very  many. 

Cor.ipono,  ere,  posui,  posltum,  (cum, 
pono).  To  settle,  adjust,  adapt, 
compose. 

Comporto,  are,  am,  atum,  (cum, 
porto).  To  carry,  bear,  collect. 

Compos,  otis,  (cum,  potis).  Having 
the  mastery  or  control  over  any- 
thing ;  sharing  in,  partaking  of. 

Comprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (cum, 
prehendo).  To  seize,  arrest,  com- 
prehend. 

Concedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum,  (cum, 
cedo).  To  concede,  grant ;  to  de- 
part, withdraw  ;  pass,  impers.,  it 
is  conceded. 

Concido,  8re,  cldi,  (cum,  cado).  To 
fall,  perish. 

Concilia,  are,  am,  dtum,  (concilium). 
To  unite,  conciliate,  procure,  win. 

Concilium,  ii,  n.     Council,  meeting. 

Concio,  Cnis,  f.     Public  assembly. 

Concito,  are,  am,  atum,  (cum,  cito). 
To  raise ;  excite,  excite  rebellion. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.  (concors,  harmo- 
nious). Concord,  harmony. 

CoKcurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 


sum,  (cum,  curro).     To  meet,  as- 

semble ;  engage,  fight ;  rush  to. 
Conditio,  onis,  f.  (condo).  Condition, 

terms. 
Condo,  ere,  didi,  d'ltum,  (cum,  do). 

To  found ;  conceal,  hide ;  place, 

bury. 
Conduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum,  (cumf 

duco).     To  conduct,  collect ;  hire, 

contract  for. 
Confero,    conferre,     contuli,    coUa* 

turn,    (cum,    fero).      To    collect, 

confer,  compare ;   engage  battle  ; 

se  conferre,  to  betake  one's  self. 
Confestim,  adv.     Immediately. 
Conficio,    ere,  fed,   fectum,    (cum, 

facio).      To    finish,     accomplish, 

make,  produce,  wear  out. 
Confldo,  ere,  flsus  sum,  (cum,  fido). 

To  trust,  confide  in. 
Configo,  ere,  fixi,  fixum,  (cum,  figo.) 

To  transfix,  fasten  together. 
Confingo,    ere,  Jinxi,  fictum,   (cum, 

fingo).     To  form,  feign,  pretend. 
Confirmo,    are,    am,    atum,    (cum, 

firmo).     To  make  firm,  strength- 
en ;  encourage ;  corroborate. 
Conflsus,    a,    um,    part,   (confido). 

Trusting,  relying  upon. 
Conjllgo,   ere,   flixi,  fiictum,   (cum, 

fligo).     To  engage,  fight. 
Confodio,    ere,  fodi,  fossum,  (cum, 

fodio).     To  pierce,  wound. 
Confugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugitum,  (cum, 

fugio).     To  flee  for  refuge. 
Congredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 

(cum,    gradior).     To    encounter 

fight. 
Congrego,    are,    am,    atum,    (cum, 

grego).     To  collect,  congregate. 
Congressio,     onis,    f.    (congredior), 

Engagement,  battle. 


154: 


LATIN  READEB. 


[CONJICIO 


Conjicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectum,  (cum, 
jacio).  To  discharge,  hurl,  throw, 
drive. 

Conjungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum,  (cum, 
jungo).  To  join,  combine, 

Conjuratio,  onis,  f.  (conjuro).  Con- 
spiracy. 

Conjurdtus,  a,  urn,  part,  (conjuro). 
Having  conspired. 

Conjuro,  fire,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum, 
juro)  To  conspire. 

Conjux,  ugis,  m.  and  f.  (conjungo). 
Husband,  wife. 

Conon,  onis,  m.  Conon,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  (39, 

in). 

Conor,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  To  en- 
deavor, attempt. 

Conscendo,  ere,  scendi,  scensum, 
(cum,  scando).  To  ascend,  em- 
bark. 

Conscius,  a,  um.  Privy  to;  con- 
scious of ;  subs,  accomplice,  confi- 
dant. 

Conscrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum 
(cum,  scribo).  To  summon ;  to 
enrol,  arrange,  order ;  compose. 

Conscriptus,  a,  um,  part,  (conscribo). 
Enrolled,  assembled.  Patres  con- 
scripti,  conscript  fathers,  i.  e.  sen- 
ators. 

Consecro,  are,  dvi,  dtum  (cum,  sa- 
cro).  To  consecrate. 

Consector,  dri,  aim  sum,  dep.  (cum, 
sector).  To  follow,  pursue. 

Comenesco,  ere,  senui  (cum,  senesco). 
To  grow  old. 

(Jonsequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum,  (cum, 
sequor).  To  succeed,  follow,  pur- 
sue ;  secure,  obtain. 

Consero,  ere,  ui,  turn,  (cum,  sero). 
To  join  together  *,  manum  or  pug- 


nam  conserere,  to  join  battle,  en^ 

gage  in  battle. 
Conserve,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,  ser* 

vo).      To  preserve,  watch  over, 

rescue. 

Considero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  in- 
spect, examine. 
Consldo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum,  (cum,  sido). 

To  encamp,  settle. 
Concilium,  ii,  n.     Counsel,  advice, 

wisdom,  intention,  design,  council. 
Consisio,   ere,    stiti,    stttum,   (cum, 

sisto).     To  place  or  station  one's 

self,  to  stand. 
Consolor,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  (cum, 

solor).     To  comfort,  console. 
Conspectus,     us,     m.      (conspicio). 

Sight,  presence. 
Conspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (cum, 

specie).    To  see,  observe. 
Conspicor,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  (con- 
spicio).    To  behold,  see. 
Conspiratio,     onis,     f.     (conspire), 

Union,  conspiracy. 
Constanter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (consto). 

Consistently. 

Constantia,   ae,  f.   (consto).      Con- 
stancy, firmness. 
Constat,  impers,(consto).  It  is  known, 

is  an  admitted  fact 
Constituo,  ere,  ui,  ulum,,  (cum,  sta- 

tuo).     To  constitute ;  build,  erect; 

station,  place;  appoint,  arrange, 

manage. 
Consto,  are,  stiti,  stdtum,  (cum,  sto)^ 

To  stand  together,  halt. 
Consuesco,  ere,  em,  etum,  (cum,  su- 

esco).     To  be  accustomed. 
Consuetudo^    mis,    f.     (consueseo). 

Custom,  usage,  habit. 
Consul,  ulis,  m.  (consuloX     Consul, 

Roman  chief  magistrate* 


CORIOLANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


155 


Consuldris,  e.  Consular;  subs,  one 
who  has  been  consul,  one  of  con- 
sular rank. 

Consulatus,  us,  m.  (consul).  Con- 
sulship. 

Consulo,  ere,  sului,  sultum.  To  con- 
sult, consider ;  with  dat.  to  consult 
for  one's  good. 

Consummo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  fin- 
ish, accomplish,  complete. 

Consumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum, 
(cum,  sumo).  To  consume,  wear 
out,  waste,  use,  employ. 

Conteao,  ere,  texi,  tectum,  (cum,  tego). 
To  cover. 

Contemno,  ere,  tempsi,  temptum,(cum, 
temno).  To  contemn,  despise,  dis- 
regard. 

Contemptus,  us,  m.  (contemno).  Con- 
tempt, scorn,  disregard. 

Contendo,  ere,  tendi,  tentum,  (cum, 
tendo).  To  contend,  strive,  at- 
tempt, labor;  betake  one's  self,  go. 

Contentio,  onis,  f.  (contendo).  Ef- 
fort, contest,  struggle,  exertion. 

Contentus,  a,  urn.  Content,  con- 
tented. 

Contmens,  entis,  (contineo).  Ad- 
joining, continuous ;  subs.  f.  con- 
tinent. 

Continentia,  ae,  f.  (contineo).  For- 
bearance, self-control. 

Contineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (cum, 
teneo).  To  hold,  keep,  check. 

Continuo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (contin- 
uus).  To  connect,  unite,  con- 
tinue. 

Contra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Against,  opposite  to,  contrary  to ; 
on  the  contrary. 

Contra-dico,  &re,  dixi,  dictum.  To 
contradict,  object  to. 


Contraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum,  (cum, 
traho).  To  collect,  incur,  contract. 

Contrarius,  a,  urn,  (contra).  Con- 
trary to,  opposite. 

Contrucldo,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (cum, 
trucido).  To  slay,  kill,  mangle. 

Contueor,  tueri,  tuitus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  tueor).  To  survey,  lock 
upon,  behold ;  consider,  ponder. 

Convalesce,  ere,  lui,  (cum,  valesco). 
To  gain  strength,  recover. 

Conveniens,  entis,  (convenio).  Be- 
coming, fit,  proper. 

Convenicnter,  ius*  issime,  adv.  (con- 
venio). Fitly,  suitably,  agreeably, 
consistently. 

Convenio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum,  (cum, 
venio).  To  convene,  assemble, 
meet,  agree,  harmonize,  befit. 

Converto,  ere,  verti,  versum,  (cum, 
verto).  To  turn,  change,  alter, 
convert. 

Convinco,  £re,  viti,  victum,  (cum, 
vinco).  To  conquer,  convict. 

Convivium,  ii,  n.     Feast,  banquet. 

Convoco,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,  voco). 
To  assemble,  call  together. 

Copia,  ae,  f.  Abundance,  supply, 
ability,  power;  pi.  forces,  stores, 
supplies. 

Cor  am,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  abl.  In 
the  presence  of,  before. 

Corinthus,  i,  f.  Corinth,  a  city  of 
Achaia,  (162). 

Corinthius,  a,  um,  (Corinthus).  Co- 
rinthian, subs.  Corinthius,  ii,  m.  a 
Corinthian,  (45). 

Coriolanus,  i,  m.  Coriolanus,  a  sur- 
name given  to  Cams  Marcius,  de- 
rived from  Coricli,  the  name  of  a 
town  which  he  had  taken  in  war, 


156 


LATIN    KEADEK. 


[CORIOLI 


Corioli,  drum,  m.  pi.  Corioii,  a 
town  in  Latium,  (174). 

Cornelia,  ae,  f.  Cornelia,  the  mo- 
ther of  the  Gracchi,  (131). 

Cornelius,  w,  m.  Cornelius,  the  name 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  gens, 
including  the  Sdpios  ;  as,  PuUius 
Cornelius  Scipio,  (190,  194). 

Cornelius,  a,  urn.  Belonging  to  the 
Cornelian  family,  (120). 

Cornu,  us,  n.  Horn,  wing  of  an 
army. 

Corona,  ae,  f.     Garland,  crown. 

Corpus,  oris,  n.     Body,  community. 

Corrigo,  &re,  rexi,  rectum,,  (cum, 
rego).  To  reform,  correct. 

Corripio,  tre,  ripui,  reptum,  (cum, 
rapio).  To  seize,  lay  hold  of. 

Corrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum,  (cum, 
rumpo).  To  corrupt,  bribe,  seduce. 

Crassus,  i,  m.  Crassus,  a  Roman 
name,  (93).  Marcus  Licinius 
Crassus,  a  Roman  general,  (204). 

Creber,  bra,  brum.  Frequent,  nu- 
merous. 

Credo,  $re,  credldi,  creditum.  To 
trust,  believe. 

Cremera,  ae,  f.  The  Cremera,  a 
river  of  Etruria,  in  Italy,  (175). 

Creo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  appoint, 
elect,  make. 

Cresco,  ere,  crevi,  crctum.  To  grow, 
increase. 

Crimen,  inis,  n.  Crime,  accusa- 
tion. 

Zriminor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  (cri- 

men).  To  accuse. 
Vrinis,  is,  m.  Hair. 
Critias,  ae,  m.  Critias,  one  of  the 

thirty  tyrants  at  Athens,  (228). 

Crixus,   i,  m.     Crixus,  a  leader  in 

the  war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 


Crucio,  are,  am,  atum,  (crux).  To 
pain,  afflict,  torture. 

Crudelis,  e      Cruel. 

Crudelttas,  atis,  f.  (crudelis).  Cru- 
elty. 

Crudeliter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (crudS 
Us).  Cruelly. 

Cubitum,  i,  n.     The  elbow,  a  cubit 

Culpa,  ae,  f.     Fault,  blame. 

Cultura,  ae,  f.  (colo).  Agriculture, 
cultivation. 

Cultus,  us,  m.  Culture,  necessaries, 
as  food,  clothing,  etc. 

Cum,  prep,  with  abl.     With. 

Cum,  conj.  =  quum. 

Cumae,  drum,  f.  Cumae,  an  ancient 
city  and  colony  in  Campania,  on 
the  sea-coast,  renowned  for  its 
Sibyl,  (49,  7). 

Cunctatio,  onis,  f.  (cunctor).  De- 
lay. 

Cunctor,  ari,  atus  sum.  To  delay, 
hesitate. 

Cunctus,  a,  um.  All,  all  together, 
entire. 

Cupide,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (cupidus). 
Eagerly. 

Cupiditas,  atis,  f.  (cupidus).  Desire, 
wish. 

Cupidus,  a,  um,  (cupio).  Desirous, 
having  desires,  avaricious,  covet- 
ous, fond  of. 

Cupio,  ere,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  de- 
sire. 

Cur,  adv.     Why,  wherefore. 

Cur  a,  ae,  f.  Care,  management 
anxiety. 

Cures,  ium,  f.  pi.  Cures,  the  an- 
cient capital  of  the  Sabines, 
(159). 

Curia,  ae,  f.     Senate-house ;  ward. 
Curtain,  orum,  m.  pi.   The  Curiatii, 


DEDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


157 


three  brothers  who  were  selected 
from  the  Alban  army  to  engage 
in  combat  with  the  three  Horatii, 
also  brotnerb^  from  the  Romans, 
(160).  See  noic  on  u  Horatiorum 
et  Curiatiorum*  (160). 

Curius,  ii,  m.  Curius,  a  Roman 
name,  (27). 

Curo,  are,  dvi,  atun*  To  care  for, 
take  care  of. 

Curro,  ere,  cucurri,  CM  turn.  To 
run. 

Currus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Chariot. 

Cursor,  oris,  m.  Cursor,  surname 
of  Lucius  Papirius,  dictator  in 
the  Samnite  war,  (178). 

Cursus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Course. 

Custodia,  ae,  f.  Care,  charge  of, 
custody,  confinement. 

Custodio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  (custos). 
To  guard,  preserve,  watch. 

Custos,  odis,  m.  and  f.  Guard, 
keeper. 

Cynicus,  i,  m.  A  Cynic  philosopher, 
a  Cynic. 

Cynoscephalae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Cynos- 
cephalae,  "  Dogs'  Heads,"  two 
hills  in  Thessaly,  (197). 

Cyprus,  i,  f.  Cyprus,  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean  sea,  near  Asia 
Minor,  (27,  11). 

Cyrus,  i,  m.  The  name  of  two  emi- 
nent Persian  princes  ;  Cyrus,  the 
Great,  the  founder  of  the  Persian 
empire,  (13),  and  Cyrus,  the  son 
of  Darius,  (225). 

D. 

Damnatio,  onis,  f.     Condemnation. 
Damno,  are,  dvi^  dtum,  (damnum). 

To  condemn ;  capitis  damndre,  to 

condemn  to  death. 


Damnum,  i,  n.     Loss,  damage. 

Darius,  ii,  m.  Darius,  a  celebrated 
king  of  Persia,  (215). 

Datis,  is,  m.  Datis,  one  of  the  gen- 
erals of  Darius,  (215). 

De,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  of,  con- 
cerning, on  the  subject  of,  over. 

Debeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  owe, 
ought. 

Debeor,  eri,  debitus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  due,  belong. 

Debillto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  weak- 
en, disable. 

De-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  de- 
part, withdraw,  die. 

Decem,  indecl.     Ten. 

Decemplex,  ids,  (decem,  plico,  to 
fold).  Tenfold. 

Decem-vir,  viri,  m.     A  decemvir. 

De-cerno,  ere,  crevi,  cretum.  To  de- 
cide; contend,  fight;  decree,  in- 
trust by  decree. 

Decet,  decuit,  impers.  It  is  seemly, 
becoming,  becomes. 

Decldo,  ere,  cidi,  clsum,  (de,  caedo). 
To  cut  off;  decide,  determine. 

Decimus,  a,  um,  (decem).     Tenth. 

Decipio,  %re,  cepi,  ceptum,  (de,  capio). 
To  deceive. 

De-cldro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  make 
clear,  manifest;  declare,  pro- 
nounce. 

Decretum,  i,  n.  (decerno).     Decree. 

Decus,  oris,  n.     Ornament,  honor. 

De-decus,  oris,  n.     Disgrace. 

Dedicatio,  onis,  f.  (dedico).  Dedicfr 
tion. 

Dedico,  dre,  dvi,  dtum,  (de,  dico). 
To  dedicate. 

Deditio,  onis,  f.  (dedo).  Surren- 
der. 

De-do,  8re,  didi,  ditum.     To  surren- 


158 


LATIN   READER. 


[DEDUCC 


der;  devote    one's  self  to,   give 

one's  sell'  up  to. 
De-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  bring 

down,  conduct;  remove;  lead. 
De-fatigo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  weary, 

fatigue. 
Defectio,  onis,  f.  (deficio).     Failure, 

eclipse,  defection. 
De-fendo,   ere,  fendi,  fensum,     To 

defend,  ward  off. 
De-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  Idtum.    To  offer, 

exhibit,  bestow,  present :  carry  or 

bear  away. 
Deficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (de,  facio). 

To  fail,  spend  itself;  be  eclipsed; 

desert,  revolt. 
De-fldgro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.    To  burn, 

burn  down,  consume,  destroy. 
Deformis,  e,  (de,  forma).  Deformed, 

ug]y- 

De-fungor,  gi,  functus  sum.  To  dis- 
charge, execute ;  die. 

De-glubo,  ere,  — ,  gluptum.  To  flay, 
to  skin. 

Dein  or  deinde,  adv.  Then,  after- 
wards. 

Deiotarus,  i,  m.  Deiotarus,  a  king 
of  Galatia,  (206). 

Dejicio,  8re,  jeci,  jectum,  (de,  jacio) 
To  throw  down,  overthrow,  slay. 

De-lecto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  allure  ; 
to  delight,  please. 

Delectus,  a,  um,  (deligo).     Chosen. 

Deleo,  ere,  evi,  etum.  To  destroy, 
efface,  put  an  end  to. 

De-libero,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  de- 
liberate. 

Deliciae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Delights, 
pleasures;  delight,  darling,  be- 
loved. 

Deligo,  $re,  legi,  lectum,  (de,  lego). 
To  choose,  select ;  love. 


Delirium,  ii,  n.  Madness,  dctage. 
instances  of  it. 

Delos  or  Delus,  i,  f.  Delos,  a 
small  island  hi  the  Aegean  sea, 
(27,  10). 

Delphi,  drum,  m.  pi.  Delphi,  a 
town  of  Phocis,  celebrated  for  tie 
temple  and  oracle  of  Apolio 
(217). 

Demardtus,  i,  m.  Demaratus,  tho 
father  of  Tarquinius  Priscus, 
(162). 

De-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
plunge  in,  bury  in,  sink. 

De-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To  let 
down,  drop,  send  away,  send. 

Democritus,  i,  m.  Democritus,  a 
celebrated  Grecian  philosopher, 
(91). 

Demorior,  mori,  mortuus  mm,  (de, 
morior).  To  die. 

Demosthenes,  is,  m.  Demosthenes, 
the  most  celebrated  of  the  Gre- 
cian orators,  (92,  7). 

Demum,  adv.     At  length,  finally. 

Denarius,  ii,  m.  Denarius,  a  Ro- 
man silver  com,  worth  about  six- 
teen cents. 

Deni,  ae,  a.  Ten  by  ten,  ten  at  a 
time. 

Demque,  adv.     Finally. 

Dens,  dentis,  m.    A  tooth. 

De-nudo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  make 
naked,  strip. 

Denuntiatio,  onis,  f.  (denuntio).  De- 
nunciation>  warning. 

De-nuntio,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  de- 
clare, denounce. 

Denuo,  adv.     Again,  afresh. 

De-pello,  8re,  puli,  pulsum.  To  drive 
away,  expel. 

De-pono,    ere,  posut,  potfttum.     To 


DlQNUS 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


159 


lay  down  or  aside,  deposit,  de- 
pose. 

De-populor,  dri,  dtus  sum.  To  pil- 
lage, depopulate. 

De-porto,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  carry 
off  or  away. 

Depraedor,  dri,  dtus  sam,  (de,  prae- 
dor).  To  ravage,  plunder. 

Deprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (de,  pre- 
hendo).  To  seize,  catch,  detect, 
surprise. 

De-pugno,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  fight. 

Derelictio,  onis,  f.  (de,  relinquo). 
Neglect,  disregard. 

De-scrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
describe ;  impose ;  assess  ;  desig- 
nate; divide. 

DesKro,  ere,  serui,  sertum,  (de,  sero). 
To  abandon,  desert. 

De-sidero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  long 
for,  wish,  desire  earnestly. 

Dcsilio,  Ire,  situi,  sultum,  (de,  salio). 
To  alight,  dismount. 

Detnno,  ere,  sivi  or  sii,  sttum,  (de, 
sino).  To  cease,  desist. 

Desipio,  ere,  (de,  sapio).  To  be 
void  of  understanding,  be  foolish, 
be  delirious. 

De-sisto,  ere,  stiti,  stitum.  To  de- 
mist, leave  off. 

Desperado,  onis,  f.  (despgro).  De- 
spair, desperation. 

De-spero,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  de- 
spair. 

Despicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (de, 
specio).  To  despise,  disregard. 

Destino,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  destine, 
appoint,  design. 

De-sum,  esse,fui.  To  fail,  be  wanting. 

De-terreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.    To  deter. 

Detineo,  are,  tenui,  tentum,  (de,  te- 
neo).  To  detain,  hinder. 


Detraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum,  (de, 
traho).  To  draw  or  take  away  or 
from,  detract. 

Detrimentum,  i,  n.  Loss,  damage, 
detriment,  harm. 

Deus,  i,  m.    God,  deity.  See  51,  6. 

De-vasto,  are,  — ,  dtum.  To  devastate, 
pillage. 

De-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To  come 
down,  arrive,  reach. 

De-vinco,  ere,  vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Dexter,  tra,  trum.  Right,  on  the 
right  hand. 

Dextra,  ae,  f.     The  right  hand. 

Di.    See  Dis. 

Diadema,  atis,  n.     Diadem. 

Diagoras,  ae,  m.  Diagoras,  a  Rho- 
dian  athlete,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  the  Olympic  games, 
(143). 

Diana,  ae,  f.  The  goddess  Diana, 
the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and  La- 
tona,  and  sister  of  Apollo,  (97). 

Dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.     To  say,  call. 

Dictator,  oris,  m.  (dico).  Dictator, 
an  officer  appointed  by  the  Romans 
in  times  of  great  danger. 

Dido,  us,  or  onis,  f.  Dido,  the  foun- 
dress of  Carthage,  daughter  of 
Belus,  (44,  III.) 

Dies,  ei,  m.  and  f.     Day. 

Difficile,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (difficilis). 
With  difficulty. 

Difficilis,  e,  (dis,  facflis).  Difficult. 
163,  2. 

Digitus,  i,  m.     Finger. 

Dignitas,  diis,  f.  (dignus).  Dignity, 
rank,  office. 

Dignor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (dignus).  To 
deem  worthy,  deign. 

Dignus,  a  um.     Worthy. 


160 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[DlLABOB 


J)irlabor^  Cdbi,  lapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
fall  asunder,  go  to  pieces;  flee; 
scatter,  disperse. 

Dildlio,  onis,  f.     Delay,  delaying. 

J)iligens,  entis,  (diligo).  Fond  of, 
mindful,  diligent,  observant. 

J)iligenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (diligens). 
Carefully,  diligently,  earnestly. 

Diligentia,  ae,  f.  (diligens).  Dili- 
gence. 

Diligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectum,  (dis,  lego). 
To  choose,  love. 

Dimico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (dis,  di, 
mico).  To  encounter,  fight. 

Di-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  dis- 
miss, let  go. 

Diogenes,  is,  m.  Diogenes,  the  noted 
Cynic  philosopher  of  Greece,  (135). 

Dion,  onis,  m.  Dion,  brother-in-law 
of  the  tyrant  Dionysius  of  Syra- 
cuse, (31). 

Dionysius,  ii,  m.  Dionysius,  tyrant 
of  Syracuse,  (26). 

Diripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (dis,  di, 
rapio).  To  lay  waste,  pillage. 

Diruo,  ere,  dirui,  dirutum,  (dis,  di, 
ruo).  To  destroy,  demolish. 

Dis,  or  di,  insep.  prep.  Asunder, 
not 

J)is~cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  de- 
part, retire  from. 

fiisceptatio,  onis,  f.    Debate,  quarrel. 

Disciplina,  ae,  f.  Discipline,  in- 
struction. 

Discipulus,  i,  m.  (disco).  A  learner, 
scholar,  disciple. 

Disco,  &re,  didici.     To  learn. 

Discordia,  ae,  f.     Strife,  discord. 

jDiscordo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (discors, 
discordant).  To  differ,  be  at  va- 
riance, disagree. 

Discrlmen,  inis,  n.     Danger,  crisis. 


Dis-curro,  Sre,  curri,  cursum.  To 
run  different  ways,  run  about, 
separate. 

Dispergo,  ere,  spersi,  spersum,  (dis, 
di,  spargo).  To  scatter,  disperse. 

Dupliceo,  ere,  plicui,  plicitum,  (dis, 
placeo).  To  displease. 

Dis-puto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  com- 
pute, estimate ;  examine,  investi- 
gate, discuss. 

Dis-sero,  ere,  serui,  sertum.  To  ex- 
amine, argue,  discuss. 

Dissidium,  ii,  n.     Dissension. 

Dis-similis,  e.     Unlike,  dissimilar. 

Dissimulo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dis- 
semble, conceal,  omit. 

Dis-sipo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dissi- 
pate, scatter. 

Dis-solvo,  ere,  solri,  solutum.  To  de- 
stroy, abolish,  dissolve. 

Dis-tribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributum.  To 
distribute. 

Districtus,  a,  um,  (distrmgo).  Busy, 
occupied  with. 

Distringo,  ere,  strinxi,  strictum,  (dl 
stringo).  To  occupy,  engage  at 
tention. 

Ditio,  onis,  f.     Rule,  sway. 

Diu,  diutius,  diutissime,  adv.  Long, 
for  a  long  time. 

Diutinus,  a,  um,  (diu).  Of  long  du- 
ration, lasting. 

Diuturnitas,  dtis,  f.  (diuturnus). 
Long  time. 

Diversus,  a,  um.  Diverse,  unlike., 
opposite. 

Dives,  itis.     Rich. 

Divico,  onis,  m.  Divico,  a  distin- 
guished Helvetian  general,  (85, 5). 

Divido,  ere,  divlsi,  divlsum.  To  dv 
vide,  allot. 

Divmus,  a,  um.     Divine. 


EDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULABY. 


161 


Divitiae,  arum,  f.  (dives).  Riches, 
wealth. 

Divus,  a,  urn.  Divine;  subs,  god, 
goddess. 

Do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To  give, 
grant,  impute,  allow. 

Doceo,  Ire,  ui,  turn.     To  teach. 

Doctrlna,  ae,  f.  Instruction,  learn- 
ing, erudition,  doctrine. 

Doctm,  a,  um,  (doceo).  Learned, 
skilled. 

Documentum,  i,  n.  Lesson,  proof, 
specimen,  mark. 

Dolabella,  ae,  m.  Dolabella,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Publius  Cornelius 
Dolabella,  son-in-law  of  Cicero, 
(122). 

Doleo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  grieve. 

Dolor,  oris,  m.  (doleo).     Pain,  grief. 

Dolus,  i,  m.     Artifice,  deceit. 

Domesticus,  a,  um,  (domus).  Domes- 
tic, private,  personal. 

Domicilium,  ii,  n.  (domus).  Habi- 
tation, abode. 

Dommatio,  cnis.     Rule,  tyranny. 

Dominatus,  us,  m.  Rule,  sove- 
reignty. 

Dominus,  i,  m.     Master,  owner. 

Domo,  are,  ui,  itum.     To  subdue. 

Domus,  us  or  i,  f.  House,  home ; 
domi,  at  home. 

Donee,  conj.     Until. 

Dono,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (donum).  To 
give,  present  with. 

Donum,  i,  n.  (do).     Present,  gift. 

Dormio,  ire,  1m  or  ii,  Itum.  To 
sleep,  slumber,  rest. 

Dos,  dotis,  f.     Gift,  dowry. 

Drusus,  i,  m.  Drusus,  son  of  the 
Emperor  Tiberius,  (146). 

Pubitatio,  onis,  f.  (dubito).  Doubt, 
hesitation. 


Dubito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  donbt 
hesitate. 

Dubius,  a,  um.  Doubtful ;  neut.  of 
ten  subs,  doubt. 

Ducenti,  ae,  a.     Two  hundred. 

Duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead, 
conduct ;  with  uxorem,  to  marry. 

Duillius,  ii,  m.  Duillius,  a  Roman 
name.  Cairn  Duillius,  a  Roman 
commander  and  consul  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (185). 

Dulcis,  e.  Sweet,  pleasant,  agreeably 

Dum,  conj.     While,  until,  provided. 

Dum-modo,  conj.  So  long  as,  pro^ 
vided  that. 

Duo,  ae,  o.    Two,  both.     175. 

Duodecim,  indec.  (duo,  decem). 
Twelve. 

Duodecimus,  a,  um,  (duodecim). 
Twelfth. 

Duodequadragesimus,  a,  um.  Thirty- 
eighth. 

Duo-de-viginti,  indec.     Eighteen. 

Duplex,  ids.     Double. 

Duplwo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (duplex). 
To  double,  increase. 

Duritia,  ae,  f.  (durus).  Hardiness, 
austerity,  rigid  temperance,  hard- 
ship. 

Durus,  a,  um.     Hard,  harsh,  rude. 

Dux,  duds,  m.  and  f.  (duco). 
Leader,  guide,  general. 

E 

E  or  ex,  prep,  with  abl.     From,  oufc 

of,  of. 

Ebrietas,  atis,  f.     Drunkenness. 
E-disco,   ere,  didici.     To  learn  by 

heart,  commit  to  memory. 
E-do,  edere,  edidi,  editum.     To  set 

forth,  publish ;  do,  perform,  make, 

utter. 


162 


LATIN  EEADEK. 


[EDOCEO 


E-doceo,  ere,  docui,  doctum.  To 
teach  one  thoroughly,  inform,  in- 
struct. 

E-daco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
out  or  forth. 

Effero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  enrage, 
madden,  render  unmanageable. 

Effero,  ferre,  extuli,  datum,  (ex, 
fero).  To  bring  forth,  carry  forth 
or  out ;  elate. 

Efficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (ex,  facio). 
To  effect,  occasion,  accomplish, 
make,  render. 

Effiuo,  ere,  fluxi,  fluxum,  (ex,  fluo). 
To  flow  out,  pass  away,  disappear. 

Effugio,  ere,fugi,  fugitum,  (ex,  fu- 
gio).  To  flee,  escape  from,  escape. 

Effundo,  ere,  fudi,  fusum,  (ex,  fun- 
do).  To  pour  out,  pour  ;  indulge 
in ;  squander,  waste. 

Egeo,  egere,  egui.  To  need,  to  want, 
require,  to  be  without. 

Egeria,  ae,  f.  Egeria,  a  prophetic 
nymph  from  whom  Numa  pro- 
fessed to  receive  instructions, 
(159).  _ 

Ego,  mei,  I.  Egomet,  I  myself. 
184,  3. 

Egredior,  egredi,  egressus  sum,  dep. 
(e,  gradior).  To  go  or  come  out, 
to  go  forth,  to  go,  to  run  away. 

Egregie,  adv.  (egregius).  Excel- 
lently, remarkably. 

Egregius,  a,  um.  Excellent,  dis- 
tinguished. 

Ejicio,  ere,  ejeci,  ejectum,  (e,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  drive  out,  expel; 
reject. 

E-labor,  eldbi,  elapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
slip  away,  get  off,  escape. 

E-laboro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  labor, 
exert  one's  self. 


Elegantia,  ae,   f.     Elegance,  taste, 

propriety. 
Elementa,   drum,   n.   pi.     The  first 

principles,  rudiments,  elements. 
Elephantus,  i,  m.     Elephant. 
Eligo,  ere,  elegi,  electum,  (e,  lego). 

To  choose,  elect. 

Eloquens,  entis,  (eloquor).  Eloquent, 
Eloquenter,   ius,    issime,   adv.   (elo» 

quens).     Eloquently. 
Eloquentia,  ae,  f.     Eloquence. 
E-loquor,  loqui,    locutus  sum,  dep. 

To  speak  out,  utter,  declare,  tell. 
Umax,  dcis,  (emo).     Eager  to  buy, 

fond  of  buying. 
E-mergo,    ere,  mersi,  mersum.     To 

emerge,  come  to  light,  rise  in  im- 
portance. 

Eminentia,   ac,   f.      Eminence,  ex- 
cellence. 
Emineo,  ere,  ui.      To  stand  out,  be 

prominent  or  conspicuous. 
E-milto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.    To  send 

forth  or  away ;  let  go. 
Emo,  ere,   emi,  emptum.     To  buy, 

purchase. 
Emolumentum,  i,  n.     Effort,  exer» 

tion ;  gain,  profit,  advantage. 
Enim,  conj.     For,  indeed. 
E-niteo,  ere,  nitui.     To  shine  forth ; 

be  distinguished. 
En.nius,  ii,  n.     Ennius,  a  celebrated 

Roman  poet,  (120). 
Eo,  adv.      Thither;   therefore;    eo 

usque,  so  far,  to  such  an  extent. 
Eo,  ire,  w i  or  ii,  itum.     To  go, 

walk,  sail,  ride,  pass.     295. 
JZodem,  adv.  (idem).     To  the  same 

place. 
Epaminondas,  ae,  m.    Epaminondas, 

a    celebrated     Theban    general 

(92,  5). 


EXCEDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


163 


Ephesius,  a,  um.  Ephesian,  relating 
to  Ephesus,  of  Ephesus,  born  at 
Ephesus,  (9T). 

JSpigramma,  atis,  n.  Inscription, 
epigram.  58,  2. 

Epirus,  i,  f.  Epirus,  a  province  in 
the  north  of  Greece,  (180). 

Ppistbla,  ae,  f.     A  letter,  epistle. 

:Epulae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Food,  banquet, 
feast. 

Epulor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (epulae).  To 
feast. 

Eques,  itis,  m.  (equus).  Horseman. 
PL  cavalry. 

Equester,  iris,  tre,  (eques).  Eques- 
trian. 

Equidem,  conj.  Indeed,  truly,  by 
all  means. 

Equitdtus,  us,  m.     Cavalry. 

fiquus,  i,  m.  Horse :  ex  equo,  from 
a  horse,  on  horseback. 

Eretria,  ae,  f.  Eretria,  an  impor- 
tant city  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
(16). 

Erga,  prep,  with  ace.     Towards. 

Ergo,  adv.  Therefore  ;  as  subs.  abl. 
on  account  of,  for,  with  gen. 

Erigo,  ere,  erexi,  ereetum,  (e,  rego). 
To  raise  up,  animate. 

Eripio,  ere,  eripui,  ereptum,  (e,  ra- 
pio).  To  snatch  or  take  away. 

Error,  oris,  m.     Error,  deception. 

Erudio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  in- 
struct, refine,  discipline. 

Erudltus,  a,  um,  part,  (erudio). 
Learned,  instructed  in. 

E-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break  forth,  rush  forth. 

Eruo,  ere,  erui,  erutum,  (e,  ruo).  To 
root  out,  destroy. 

Esca,  a,e,  f.     Food,  bait. 

El.    And,  also;  et — et,  both — and. 


Et-$nim,  conj.    For,  truly,  because 

that,  since. 
Etiam.     Also,  even. 
Etiam-si.     Even  if,  although. 
Etiam-tum,  conj.     Even  then,   tiE 

then,  still. 
Etruria,  ae,  f.      Etruria,  a  country 

of  Central  Italy ;  Tuscany,  (190). 
Etruscus,  i,  m.     An  Etruscan,  inha» 

bitant  of  Etruria,  (171). 
Et-si.     Even  if,  although,  though. 
Euboea,  ae,  f.    Euboea,  an  island  in 

the  Aegean  sea,  (84).  [(144). 
Euripides,is,  m.  An  Athenian  poet, 
Euphrates,  is,  m.  A  river  in  Asia,  (24). 
Eurdpa,  ae,  f.  The  continent  of 

Europe. 
Eurybiddes,  i$,  m.    A  king  of  Sparta, 

(219). 
E-vddo,   ere,   vdsi,   vasum.     To  go 

out ;  to  turn  out,  become ;  escape ; 

evade. 
E-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.    To  come 

forth,     happen;     evenit,    ut,    it 

chanced,  that. 
E-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.     To  pull 

down,  overthrow. 
Evoco,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (e,  voco).    To 

call  forth,  summon. 
Evblo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (e,  volo).     To 

fly  or  flee  away,  hasten  away. 
Ex,  prep,  with  abl.    From.    See  4 

or  ex. 
Ex-adversum  or  ex-adversus,    adv., 

and  prep,   with  ace.      Opposite, 

against. 

Ex-ammo,  are,  avi,  dtum.     To  de- 
prive of  life  or  spirit ;  kill. 
Ex-ardesco,  tre,  arsi.     To  kindle,  be 

inflamed  ;  break  out,  as  war. 
Ex-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.    To  retire, 

withdraw. 


164: 


LATIN  EEADEE. 


[EXCELLO 


Ex-cello,  ere,  cellui,  celsum.    To  ele- 
vate ;  excel,  be  eminent. 
Excelsus,  a,  urn,  (excello).     Lofty. 
Excidium,  ii,  n.     Destruction,  ruin. 
Exdpio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ex,  ca- 

pio).     To  take  out,  except. 
Ex-clto,  are,  avi,  alum.      To  excite, 

arouse,  awaken,  strengthen. 
Excludo,  ere,  dmi,  clusum,  (ex,  clau- 

do).    To  exclude,  shut  out,  cut  off. 
Ex-cogito,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  devise, 

think  out. 
Excutio,  ere,  cussi,  cussum,  (ex,  qua- 

tio).     To  shake  or  throw  off. 
Exemplum,  i,  n.   "Example. 
Ex-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.     To  go 

from  or  forth. 
Exerceo,  ere,  cui,  citum,  (ex,  arceo). 

To  exercise,  practise. 
Exercltus,  us,  m.  (exerceo).    Army, 

train. 
Ex-haurio,  ire,  hausi,  haustum.     To 

exhaust,  impoverish. 
Ex-horresco,  ere,  horrui.     To  dread, 

to  tremble  at. 
Exigo,    ere,   egi,   actum,   (ex,   ago). 

To  drive  out,  expel ;  finish,  end ; 

demand. 

Exiguus,  a,  um.     Small. 
Eximius,  a,  um.     Excellent,  choice, 

remarkable. 
Eximo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (ex,  emo). 

To  take  away  or  from  ;  exempt ; 

rescue. 
Existimdtio,  onis,  f.  (existimo).     An 

opinion,  judgment,    supposition ; 

reputation. 
fixistimo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (ex,  aesti- 

mo).     To  judge,  think. 
ffxitivm,  ii,  n.  (exeo).     End,  death, 

destruction. 
Ex-orior,   orlrit   ortus    sum,   dep., 


partly  of  3d  conj.  To  arise ;  be 
derived  from.  288,  2. 

Ex-orno,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  adorn, 
beautify,  embellish,  furnish,  equip. 

Exosus,  a,  um.  Hating,  hated, 
odious. 

Expedio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  re- 
lease, extricate ;  also  to  be  expe- 
dient, or  profitable. 

Expeditio,  onis,  f.  (expedio).  Expe- 
dition. 

Ex-pello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum.  To  ex- 
pel, drive  away,  banish. 

Ex-peto,  ere,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
seek,  request. 

Ex-pleo,  ere,  evi,  Itum.  To  fil\  make 
full ;  fulfil. 

Ex-plico,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  unfold ; 
adjust;  settle. 

Explorator,  oris,  m.     Explorer,  spy. 

Ex-pugno,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  take, 
conquer,  storm. 

Ex-scindo,  ere,  scidi,  scissum.  To 
destroy. 

Ex-sculpo,  ert,  sculpsi,  sculptum.  To 
erase. 

Exsecrdbilis,  e.     Detestable. 

Exsequiae,  drum,  f.  pi.    Funeral. 

Ex-sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum.  To 
prosecute,  accomplish,  finish  ;  per- 
form. 

Exsilium,  ii,  n.     Banishment,  exile. 

Exspectatio,  onis,  f.  (exspecto).  Ex- 
pectation, high  hope. 

Ex-speclo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  await, 
expect. 

Ex-stinguo,  ere,  stinxi,  stinctum.  To 
extinguish,  destroy. 

Ex-struo,  ere,  struxi,  strudum.  To 
build,  construct. 

Exsul,  iilis,  m.  and  f.    An  exile. 

Ex-templo,  adv.     Immediately. 


JFlDELIS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


165 


Ex-torqueo,  ere,  torsi,  tortum.      To 

extort,  obtain  by  force. 
Ex-traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.      To 

extract,  draw  out,  remove ;  rescue. 


Fabius,  ii,  m.  Fabius,  the  name  of 
a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
Quintus  Fabius  Maximus,  the 
celebrated  Roman  general  who 
so  successfully  weakened  Hanni- 
bal in  the  first  Punic  war,  (175). 

Fabricius,  ii,  m.  Fabricius,  a  dis- 
tinguished leader  of  the  Romans  in 
the  war  against  Pyrrhus,  (182). 

Fabula,  ae,  f.  Report,  narrative, 
fable,  story,  drama. 

Fades,  ei,  f.     A  face,  appearance. 

Facile,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (facilis).  Easily. 

Facilis,  e,  (facio).     Easy. 

Facinus,  oris,  n.  Deed,  act ;  wick- 
edness, crime. 

Facio,  ere,  fed,  factum.  To  do,  act, 
make,  compose. 

Faciio,  onis,  f.     Faction,  party. 

Facultas,  atis,  f.  Capacity,  ability, 
resource,  opportunity  ',plur.  riches, 
property,  resources. 

Fallo,  ere,  fefelli,  falsum.  To  de- 
ceive, foil. 

Falsus,  a,  urn.    False,  spurious. 

Fama,  ae,  f,     Fame,  report. 

Fames,  is,  f.     Hunger,  famine. 

Familia,  ae,  f.  Retinue  of  slaves,  a 
family. 

Familiaritas,  atis,  f.  Friendship, 
intimacy. 

Famula,  ae,  f.     Female  slave. 

Fannius,  ii,  m.  Fannius,  a  Roman 
name,  (43). 

Fanum,  i,  n.     Temple. 

Fastis,  is,  m.     A  bundle,  parcel. 


Fastidio,  ire,  \vi  or  ii,  Hum.     To 

loathe,  despise,  disdain. 
Fatalis,  e,  (fatum).     Fated,  fatal. 
Fatigo,  are,  avi,  dtum.     To  oppress, 

trouble,  weary,  importune. 
Fatum,  i,  n.     Fate,  destiny,  oracle 
Fauce,  abl.  f. ;  plur.  fauces,  fauciwn. 

Throat,  jaws. 
Faustulus,    i,  m.       Faustulus,   thfe 

shepherd  who  brought  up  Rom\>» 

lus  and  Remus,  (153). 
Faveo,  ere,  favi,  fauium.  To  favor. 
Favor,    oris,    m.   (faveo).      Favor, 

kindness. 
Felicitas,  atis,  f.  (felix).      Felicity, 

success. 
Feliciter,    ius,   issime,   adv.   (felix). 

Happily,  prosperously. 
Felis,  is,  f.     Cat. 
Felix,  ids.     Happy, 
Femma,  ae,  f.     Woman,  female. 
Femur,  oris,  n.     Thigh. 
Fera,  ae,  f.     Wild  beast. 
Ferax,  acis.    Fertile,  fruitful,   pro- 
ductive. 

Fere,  adv.     Almost. 
Ferine,  adv.     Almost. 
Ferio,  Ire.     To  strike,  beat. 
Fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.     To  bear, 

endure  ;  raise ;  say,  tell ;  propose, 

as  law.     292. 

Ferox,  oci$.     Bold,  warlike,  savage. 
Ferrum,  i,  n.     Iron,  sword. 
Fcrtilis,  e.     Fertile,  rich. 
Ferus,  a,  um.      Wild,  rude,  cruel; 

ferus  and  f  era  (subs.),  wild  animal 

or  beast. 

Fesms,  a,  um.    Wearied,  exhausted. 
Festlno,  are,  avi,  dtum.    To  hasten. 
Festus,  a,  um.  Festal ;  festum  (subs.), 

a  festival,  feast. 
Fidelis,  e,  (fides).  Faithful,  trusty. 


166 


LATIN  BEADER. 


[FlDES 


Fides,  ei,  f.      Fidelity,   allegiance; 

protection,  confidence,  assurance ; 

infidem,  under  protection. 
Fido,   ere,   fisus   sum.       To  trust, 

confide. 

Fiduda,  ae,  f.     Trust,  confidence. 
Filia,  ae,  f.,  dat.  and  abl.  pLJUiabus. 

Daughter.    49,  4. 
Filius,  ii,  m.    Son. 
Fingo,  ere,  finxi,  fictum.     To  form, 

feign,  represent. 
Finio,    ire,    ivi,   Hum,   (finis).      To 

finish,  put  an  end  to. 
Finis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Limit,  end ;  pi. 

territory. 
Finitimus,   a,    um.      Neighboring ; 

subs,  a  neighbor. 
Jio,  fieri,  faclus  sum,  pass,  of  f  ado. 

To  be  made  ;    become,  happen. 

294. 

Firme,  adv.     Firmly,  resolutely. 
Firmitas,  dtis,  f.  (firmus).  Firmness, 

strength. 

Firmus,  a,  um.    Strong,  secure,  firm. 
Flagitiosus,  a,  um.     Infamous,  aban- 
doned. 
Flagilium,  ii,  n.     Disgrace,  shame, 

base  deed. 
Flagro,  are,  avi,  aium.     To  burn,  be 

carried  on  with  zeal. 
Flaminius,  ii,  m.     Flaminius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  Hannibal 

at  the  Lake  Trasimenus,  (190). 
Flamma,  ae,  f.     Flame. 
Flecto,  ere,  Jlexi,  Jlexum.     To  bend, 

turn. 

Jftctus,  us,  m.     Weeping,  tears. 
fflorens,  entis,  (floreo).      Blooming, 

youthful,  excellent.    Floretis  aetas, 

youth. 
Floresco,   $re,  florui,  (floreo).      To 

bloom,  flourish,  prosper ;  excel. 


Flos,  oris,  m.    Blossom,  flower. 

Flumen,  mis,  n.     Stream,  river. 

Fluvius,  ii,  m.    River. 

Foederdtus,  a,  um.  Confederate, 
allied. 

Foedus,  erisy  n.  League,  alliance* 
treaty. 

Fons,  oniis,  m.     Spring,  fountain. 

For  em,  es,  etc.=essem,  es,  etc.,  Might 
be  ;  fore=futurum  esse.  See  297, 
III.  2. 

Formo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  form, 
fashion,  adjust. 

Fors,fortis,  f.  Chance ;  abl.  forte 
as  adv.,  by  chance,  perchance. 

Forsilan,  (fors,  sit,  an).     Perhaps. 

Fortasse.     Perhaps. 

Forte.    See  fors. 

Forlis,  e.     Brave,  valiant. 

Fortlter,  iusy  issime,  adv.  (fortis). 
Bravely. 

Fortitiido,  inis,  f.  (fortis).  Forti- 
tude, bravery. 

Fortana,  ae,  f.     Fortune. 

Forum,  i,  n.     Market-place,  forum. 

Fossa,  ae,  f.     Ditch,  trench. 

Frango,  ere,  fregi,  fractum.  To 
break. 

Fraler,  Iris,  m.     Brother. 

Fraus,  dis,  f.     Fraud,  deceit. 

Frequenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  Fre- 
quently, in  great  numbers. 

Fretus,  a,  um.  Trusting,  relying 
upon. 

Frucim,  us,  m.     Fruit,  produce. 

Frugalitas,  atis,  f.  Frugality,  In- 
tegrity. 

Frumentum,  i,  n.     Corn,  grain. 

Fruor,  frui,  fruttus  and  fructus 
sum,  dep.  To  enjoy, 

Frustra,  adv.     In  vain. 
\  Fuga,  ae,  f.     Flight 


GRACCHUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


167 


Fugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugltum.  To  fly, 
flee,  avoid,  shun. 

Fugo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  rout,  put 
to  flight 

Fulgur,  uris,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fulguratio,  onis,  f.     Lightning. 

Fulmen,  mis,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fundamentum,  i,  n.     Foundation. 

Funditus,  adv.     Utterly,  entirely. 

Fundo,  ere,  fudi,  fusum.  To  pour 
out,  shed,  rout;  also  to  make, 
cast. 

Funeslus,  a,  urn,  (funus).  Deadly, 
destructive ;  mournful,  sad. 

Fungor,fungi,functussum,  dep.  To 
discharge,  perform,  pay. 

Furcula,  ae,  f.  Fork.  Furculae 
Caudlnae  ;  see  Caudlnus. 

Furius,  ii,  m.  Furius,  a  Roman  fa- 
mily name,  as  Marcus  Furius  Co- 
millus  ;  see  Camillus. 

Furor,  oris,  m.     Fury,  madness. 

Furtum,  i,  n.     Theft. 

Futtivus,  a,  um,  part.  (sum).  Future. 

G. 

Galatia,  ae,  f.  Galatia,  a  country 
of  Asia  Minor,  (206). 

Gallia,  ae,  f.  The  ancient  country 
of  Gaul,  (209). 

Gallicus,  a,  um,  (Gallia).     Gallic. 

Gallma,  ae,  f.     Hen. 

Qallus,  i,  m.     A  cock. 

Gallus,  i,  m.  (Gallia).  A  Gaul,  a 
native  of  Gaul,  (39,  III.). 

'Caudeo,  ere,  gavlsus  sum.  To  re- 
joice, take  pleasure  in.  268,  3. 

Gaudium,  ii,  n.     Joy,  pleasure. 

Gemmus,  a,  um.     Twin,  double. 

Gemma,  ae,  f.     Gem. 


Gener,  eri,  m.     Son-in-law. 

Gcnero,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (genus).  To 
beget,  create,  produce. 

Geriitus,  a,  um,  part,  (gigno).  Born, 
produced. 

Gens,  gentis,  f.  Family,  clan,  tribe, 
nation,  race.  Ubinam  gentium^ 
where  in  the  world  ? 

Genus,  8ris,  n.  Race,  family,  peo» 
pie,  kind. 

Germania,  ae,  f.  Germany,  (39, 
V.). 

Germanus,  i,  m.  (Germania).  A 
German,  (30). 

Gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestum.  To  bear, 
wear;  carry  on,  perform;  wage, 
as  war. 

Gestio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  de- 
sire, long  for. 

Gigno,  ere,  genui,  genitum.  To 
bring  forth,  beget,  produce. 

Glacidlis,  e.     Icy,  freezing. 

Gladiator,  oris,  m.  Gladiator,  a 
fighter  at  the  public  games. 

Gladiatorius,  a,  um,  (gladiator). 
Gladiatorial. 

Gladius,  ii,  m.     Sword. 

Glisco,  ere.     To  grow,  spread ;  rise. 

Gloria,  ae,  f.     Glory. 

Glorior,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
boast,  exult,  glory. 

Gracchus,  i,  m.  Gracchus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Sempronius  Grac- 
chus,  the  Roman  general  defeat- 
ed by  Hannibal  at  the  Trebia, 
(190).  Gracchi,  orum,  m.  pi. 
The  Gracchi,  members  of  the 
Gracchus  family,  but  especially 
the  two  brothers,  Tiberius  Corne' 
lius  Gracchus  and  Caius  Corne- 
lius Gracchus,  famous  in  the  poli- 
tical history  of  Rome,  (131). 


168 


LATIN   READER. 


[GRADUS 


Q-radus,  us,  m.   Step,  position,  stair. 

Graece,  adv.  (Graecus).  In  the 
Greek  language,  in  Greek. 

Graecia,  ae,  f.     Greece,  (210). 

Graecus  or  Graius,  a,  um,  (Grae- 
cia).  Grecian.  Subs.  Graecus 
or  Grain*,  it  m.  A  Greek,  (30, 
8). 

Grammatica,  ae,  f.     Grammar. 

Grammaticus,  a,  urn.  Of  or  be- 
longing to  grammar,  grammatical. 

Grandis,  e.     Large,  great. 

Grando,  Inis,  f.     Hail. 

Gratia,  ae,  f.  Favor,  gratitude ; 
pi.  thanks;  gratia,  abl.  for  the 
sake  of. 

Gratiis  or  gratis,  adv.  For  nothing, 
without  pay. 

Gratulatio,  onis,  f.  Gratulation, 
congratulation. 

(jfratus,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  accept- 
able j  grateful. 

Gravis,  e,    Heavy,  severe. 

Gravitas,  dtis,  f.  (gravis).  Weight ; 
dignity,  gravity. 

Graviter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (gravis). 
Heavily,  severely. 

Gravo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (gravis).  To 
burden,  load. 

Grus,  gruis,  m.  and  f.     Crane. 

Gubernator,  oris,  m.  Pilot,  ruler, 
governor. 

Guberno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  steer, 
pilot;  direct,  manage. 

Gylippus,  i,  m.  Gylippus,  a  Spar- 
tan commander  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

H. 

ffabeo,  Sre,  ui,  Mum.  To  have ;  re- 
gard ;  keep.  Sermonem  habere, 
to  hold  a  conversation. 


Habito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (habeo).  To 
inhabit,  live  in,  Swell  in.  336, 
I. 

Habitus,  us,  m.  (habeo).  Habit, 
dress,  attire. 

Hamilcar,  aris,  m.  Hamilcar,  the 
father  of  Hannibal,  (186). 

Hamus,  i,  m.     Fish-hook,  hook. 

Hannibal,  alls,  m.  Hannibal,  tb& 
celebrated  Carthaginian  general  hi 
the  second  Punic  war,  (189). 

Hanno,  onis,  m.  Hanno,  a  Cartha- 
ginian general  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  (195). 

Hasdrubal,  alis,  m.  Hasdrubal, 
son  of  Hamilcar  and  brother  of 
Hannibal,  (192).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  brother-in-law 
of  Hannibal,  and  the  founder  of 
New  Carthage,  in  Spam. 

Hasta,  ae,  f.     Spear. 

Hostile,  is,  n.     Spear. 

Hastllis,  e,  (hasta).  Belonging  to  a 
spear. 

Hand,  adv.     Not. 

Haurio,  ire,  hausi,  haustum.  To 
drink,  draw  out,  exhaust. 

Hector,  oris,  m.  Hector,  son  of 
Priam  and  Hecuba,  the  bravest 
of  the  Trojans,  (146). 

Hedera,  ae,  f.     Ivy. 

Hellespontus,  i,  m.  Hellespont,  the 
straits  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Helvetii,  drum,  m.  The  Helvetians, 
a  people  of  Gaul,  (42). 

Hercules,  is,  m.  Hercules,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  hero,  deified  after 
death. 

Heres,  edis,  m.  and  f.  Heir,  heir- 
ess. 

Herennius,  ii,  m.  Herennius,  the 
father  of  Pontius  Thelesinus,  who 


IcoJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


169 


conquered  the  Romans  at  the  Cau- 
dine  Forks,  (179). 

Herodotus,  i,  m.  Herodotas,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  historian,  (20). 

Heros,  ois,  m.     Hero. 

Heu  !  interj.     Oh  !  Ah !  Alas  ! 

Hiberna,  drum,  n.  (hibernus).  Win- 
ter-quarters. 

Hie,  haec,  hoc.     This,  he,  she,  it. 

Hie,  adv.     Here,  in  this  place. 

Hiems*  emis,  f.     Storm,  winter. 

Hiero,  dnis,  m.  Hiero,  king  of  Sy- 
racuse at  the  time  of  the  first  Pu- 
nic war,  (185). 

Hierosolijma,  ae,  f.  or  drum,  n.  pi. 
Jerusalem,  the  capital  of  Judea, 
(206). 

{fine,  adv.  (hie).  Hence,  on  this  ac- 
count,^ on  this  side;  hinc — hlnc, 
on  the  one  side — on  the  other 
side. 

Hippias,  ae,  m.  Hippias,  son  of 
Pisistratus,  tyrant  of  Athens, 
(97). 

Hispania,  ae,  f.     Spain,  (97). 

Hispdnus,  a,  um.  Spanish ;  subs. 
Hispdnus,  i,  m.  A  Spaniard, 
(194). 

Historia,  ae,  f.     History. 

Jfodie,  adv.     To-day. 

Hoedus,  i,  m.     A  kid,  young  goat. 

ffomerus,  i,  m.  Homer,  the  cele- 
brated Greek  epic  poet,  (134). 

ffomo,  inis,  m.  and  f.  Human  being, 
man. 

Honestas,  dtis,  f.  (honestus).  Honor, 
honesty. 

Honeste,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (honestus). 
Honorably,  nobly,  honestly. 

[Tonestm,  a,  um,  (honor).  Full  of 
honor,  honorable,  creditable,  wor- 
thy, virtuous. 


Honor  or  honos,  om,  m.  Honor, 
rank,  dignity. 

Honorifice,  centius,  centistfime,  adv. 
(honorificus).  Honorably.  306. 

Hondro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (honor).  To 
honor,  reverence. 

Hora,  ae,  f.     Hour. 

Horreo,  ere,  horrui.  To  shuddei; 
shudder  at,  dread. 

Horatii,  drum,  m  pi.  See  Curiatii  ; 
also  note  on  u  Horatidrum  et  Cu~ 
riatidrum,  (160). 

Horatius,  ii,  m.  Sec  Codes  and 
Pulvillus. 

Hortensius,  ii,  m.  Hortensius,  a 
Roman  name.  Quintus  Horten- 
sius Hortalus,  a  celebrated  orator 
in  the  time  of  Cicero,  (84,  91)., 

Hortor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
exhort,  incite. 

Hospita,  ae,  f.     Guest. 

Hostia,  ae,  f.     Victim. 

Hostilis,  e,  (hostis).     Hostile. 

Hostilius,  ii,  m.  Hostilius,  a  Roman 
name.  Tullus  Hostilius,  the  third 
king  of  Rome,  (160).  Caius 
Hostilius  Manclnus,  a  Roman 
consul,  (201). 

Hostis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Enemy. 

Humanus,  a,  um,  (homo).     Human. 

Humilis,  e.     Humble,  small,  low. 

Humo,  are,  avi,  alum.     To  bury. 

Hypanis,  is,  m.  Hypanis,  a  river 
of  Sarmatia,  (85). 

I. 

Iberus,  i,  m.  Iberus,  a  river  of 
Spain,  now  the  Ebro,  (25). 

Ibi,  adv.     There,  in  that  place. 

Ico,  tire,  id,  ictum.  To  strike; 
make,  ratify. 


170 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[IDEM 


Idem,  eadem,  idem.  The  same 
sometimes  best  rendered  by  also. 

IdoneuSy  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 

Icfitur,  conj.  Therefore,  accord- 
ingly- 

Ignavus,  a,  um.  Slothful,  indo- 
lent. 

•Ignis,  is,  m.     Fire. 

Jgnoro,  are,  dvi,    atum.     To  be  ig- 

'    norant  of,  not  know. 

Ignosco,  ere,  igndvi,  ignotum.  To 
excuse,  forgive,  overlook. 

llienses,  ium,  m.  Inhabitants  of 
Ilium,  Trojans,  (146). 

JKium,  ii,  n.  Ilium,  or  Troy,  some- 
times applied  to  the  city,  and 
sometimes  to  the  district,  (236). 

llle,  a,  ud.     That ;  he,  she,  it. 

lllustris,  e.     Illustrious,  famous. 

Ulustro,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (illustris). 
To  enlighten,  illumine,  illustrate, 
celebrate. 

lllyricus,  a,  um,  or  Ulyrius,  a,  um. 
Illyrian,  of  or  pertaining  to  Illy- 
ria,  a  country  on  the  northeastern 
coast  of  the  Adriatic,  (245).  Subs. 
Illyricus  or  Illyrius,  i,  m.,  an  Illy- 
rian. 

Imago,  inis,  f.  Imago,  figure,  pic- 
ture. 

Imbecillus,  a,  um,  or  imbecillis,  e. 
Weak,  feeble. 

Imbuo,  ere,  imbui,  imbutum.  To 
imbue,  impress.  •  4 

Imitatio,  onis,  f.     Imitation. 
Jmitor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.     To  imi- 
tate, copy,  portray,  counterfeit. 
&nmaturus,  a,  um,    (in,  maturus). 
Young,  immature. 

Jmmemor,    oris,  (in,  memor).     Un- 
mindful, forgetful. 
fmmitto,  $re,  mlsi,  missum,  (m,  mit- 


to).     To  send  or  let  in ;  let  go ; 
bring  forward. 

Immortalis,   e,   (in,   mortalis).    Im- 
mortal. 
Immortalitas,   atis,   f.   (immortalis.) 

ImmortaHty. 

Immunitas,  dtis,  f.     Immunity,  ex- 
emption. 

Imo  or  immo,  adv.    Yes  indeed,  in- 
deed, by  all  means. 
Impatiens,  entis,  (in,  patiens).     Im- 
patient. 
Impatienter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (impa- 

tiens).     Impatiently. 
Impedimentum,  i,  n.  (impedio).    Im- 
pediment,    obstacle;    pi.      bag- 
gage. 

Impedio,   ire,   Ivi  or  n,  itum.     To 
impede,    embarrass;  hinder,  pre- 
vent. 
Impello,  ere,  pull,  puhum,  (in,  pel- 

lo).     To  impel,  induce. 
Impensa,  ae,  f.    Expense,  cost. 
Jmperdtor,  oris,  m.  (impero).     Comr 

mander,  emperor. 
Imperltus,  a,  um,  (in,  peritus).    Un- 
skilled, ignorant. 
Imperium,   ii,    n.    (impero).     Com- 
mand, power,  rule,  sway,  reign. 
Impero,   are,  am,   atum.     To  com- 
mand, rule,  govern. 

'ro,   are,    dvi,    atum.     To  ac- 
complish, obtain. 
Impetus,  us,  m.     Attack,  fury. 
Impietas,  dtis,   f.    (impius).     Want 

of  respect,  irreverence,  impiety. 
Impius,  a,  um,  (in,  pius).     Unduti- 
ful,  irreverent,  impious,  abandon- 
ed. 

Impdno,  ere,  posui,  positum,  (in, 
pono).  To  place  or  put  in  or  to; 
enjoin;  impose. 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


171 


Improbo,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (in,  probo). 
To  reject. 

Imprudenter,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (im- 
prudens,  imprudent).  Imprudently. 

Impubes,  Zris.     Youthful,  young. 

Impugno,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (in,  pugno). 
To  assail,  attack. 

Impulsus,  its,  m.  (impello).  Instiga- 
tion. 

'in,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Into,  to, 
for,  against,  with,  ace.  ;  in,  on,  with 
abl. 

Indnis,  e.  Empty,  void ;  vain,  fool- 
ish, useless. 

Incendium,  ii,  n.  (incendo).  Fire, 
conflagration. 

Incendo,  ere,  cendi,  censum.  To  set 
on  fire,  inflame,  excite. 

In-certus,  a,  um.     Uncertain. 

Incesso,  ere,  cesslvi  or  cessi.  To  at- 
tack. 

Inchoo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  begin, 
commence. 

Incido,  Vre,  cidi,  cdsum,  (in,  cado). 
To  fall  into  or  upon,  fall  in  with, 
happen. 

Incido,  8re,  cidi,  cisum,  (in,  caedo). 
To  cut,  destroy. 

Incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (in,  capio). 
To  begin,  undertake. 

Incitamentum,  i.  n.  (incito).  Incen- 
tive, inducement. 

Incitdtus,  a,  um,  (incito).  Running; 
equo  incitdto,  at  full  speed. 

In-cito,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  incite, 
hasten,  spur  on  ;  inspire. 

In-clino,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  incline, 
bend ;  pass,  to  sink,  go  to  ruin. 

Incola,  ae,  m.  and  f.  (incolo).  In- 
habitant. 

In-cblo,  ere,  colui,  cultum.  To  dwell, 
abide  in,  inhabit. 


In-columis,  e.    Safe,  uninjured. 

In-credibllis,  e.     Incredible. 

Incrementum,  i,  n.  Growth,  in- 
crease. 

Incursio,  onis,  f.  (hicurro).  Attack, 
inroad. 

Inde,    adv.       Thence,     from    tL 
place. 

Indecore,  adv.     Disgracefully. 

India,  ae,  f.  India,  an  extensive 
country  of  Asia,  (242). 

In-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  de- 
clare, publish,  appoint. 

Indigeo,  ere,  indigui.  To  need; 
part,  indigens,  as  adj.  or  subs,  in- 
digent,  an  indigent  person. 

Indignatio,  onis,  f.  (indignor).  Scorn, 
indignation. 

Indignor,  ari,  dtus  sum,  (indignus). 
To  disdain,  scorn ;  be  indignant. 

In-dignus,  a,  um.  Unworthy,  harsh, 
indecent. 

In-domitus,  a,  um.  Unsubdued,  in- 
vincible. 

In-dubitdtus,  a,  um.  Undoubted,  cer« 
tain. 

Induciae,  or  indutiae,  drum,  f.  pi. 
Truce. 

In-ducoy  'ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  in- 
duce, lead  into,  overlay,  adorn 
with,  gild. 

Indurdtus,  a,  um,  (induro).  Obdu- 
rate, hardened. 

In-duro,  are,  avi,  dtum.    To  harden. 

Industria,  ae,  f.     Industry. 

In-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  enter, 
go  into ;  gratiam  inire,  to  obtain 
the  favor  of,  conciliate.  295. 

Inermis,  e,  (in,  arma).     Unarmed. 

Infdmis,  e.     Infamous,  notorious- 

In/am,  antis,  adj.  Speechless, 
dumb ;  subs,  an  infant. 


172 


LATIN    KEADEK. 


[iNFKLDt 


In-felix,    iris.     Unhappy,    unfortu- 
nate. 

Infensus,  a,  um.    Exasperated,  en- 
raged. 

Inferior,  ius.     Inferior.     163,  3. 
ln-fero,ferre,  tali,  illdtum.  To  carry 

against,  wage  against.    292,  2. 
Infesto,   are,    am,    atum,  (infestus). 

To  infest,  trouble. 

Infestus,  a,   um.     Infested,  trouble- 
some, hostile. 
In-finltus,   a,    um.     Great,   infinite, 

boundless,  of  unlimited  power. 
In-flammo,  are,  dvi,  atum.     To  set 

on  fire,  burn,  inflame,  arouse. 
Informis,  e,  (in,  forma).     Shapeless, 

deformed. 
In-frendo,  ere,  — ,  fressum,  fresum. 

To  gnash  with  the  teeth. 
Infringo,   ere,  fregi,  fractum,  (in, 

frango).     To  infringe,  break. 
Infula,    ae,    f.     Fillet,    head-dress, 

badge  of  office. 

In-glmo,    ere,    ui.     To    groan,    la- 
ment. 
Ingenium,  ii,  n.     Character,  genius, 

intellect,  power. 
Ingens,  entis.     Great,  mighty. 
Ingratiis  or  ingrdtis,  ad^.     Against 

one's  will. 
In-gratus,    a,    um.      Disagreeable, 

offensive,  ungrateful. 
In-gredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 

(in,  gradior).      To  enter,  encoun- 
ter. 
In-haereo,    ere,   haesi,  haesum.     To 

cleave  or  stick  to,  to  stick  fast, 

adhere. 
In-hio,   are,   dvi,    atum.     To   gape, 

stand  open ;   desire,  long  for. 
Inhumanitas,  dtis,    f.    (inhumanus). 

Barbarity,  incivility,  inhumanity. 


Inimlcus,  a,  um,  (in,  amlcus).     Hos- 
tile ;  subs,  an  enemy. 

Inlquus,  a,  um,  (in,  aequus).     Un? 
favorable,  unjust. 

Initium,  ii,   n.   (ineo).     Beginning; 
pi.  sacred  mysteries. 

Injicio,  ere,  jeci,  jecium,  (in,  jacio). 
To  throw  in;  cause;  inspire  with* 

Injuria,  ae,  f.     Injury,  wrong. 

Injuste,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (injustus). 
Unjustly. 

In-justus,  a,  um.     Unjust,  oppress- 
ive, severe. 

In-nocens,  entis.     Innocent. 

In-notesco,    ere,   notui.     To  become 
known. 

In-noxius,  a,  um.     Harmless,  inno- 
cent. 

In-numerabilis,  e.     Innumerable. 

In-opindtus,  a,  um.     Sudden,  unex- 
pected. 

Inquarn,    defective.     To  say.     See 
297,  II.  2. 

Insania,  ae,  f.     Insanity,  folly. 

Inscitia,  ae,  f.     Ignorance. 

In-sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum.  To  fol- 
low, pursue. 

Insidiae,    arum,     f,    pi.     Ambush, 
treachery,  plot. 

Insigne,    is,    n.     Mark,    sign;    pL 
badges  of  office,  insignia. 

Insignis,  e.     Distinguished,  noted. 

In-simulo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  blame, 
accuse,  charge. 

In-sisto,  ere,  stiti,  stitum.     To  per 
sist ;  urge ;  entreat. 

In-solens,  entis.     Unusual,  insolent. 

Insolenter,   ius,    issime,   adv.    (ins<> 
lens).     Insolently. 

Impccto,  dre,  dvi,  atum.     To  look 
at,  to  look  on. 

Inspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (in,  spe 


INUTILJS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


173 


cio).    To  consider,  inspect,  look 
on. 

Instauro,  are,  avi,  atum.   To  renew. 

Jnstituo,  ere,  stitui,  stitutum,  (in,  sta- 
tuo).  To  institute,  establish. 

Institutum,  i,  n.  (instituo).  Habit, 
manner,  custom,  institution. 

In-sto,  stare,  stiti,  stdtum.  To  stand 
in  or  upon  a  thing,  be  near  to ;  to 
urge,  insist,  beg  earnestly. 

Instrumentum,  i,  n.  (instruo).  Im- 
plements, movables,  goods. 

In-struo,  ere,  struxi,  structum.  To 
prepare,  build,  furnish  with, 
equip. 

Insula,  ae,  f.     Island. 

In-super.     Moreover. 

In-taetus,  a,  urn.     Unharmed. 

Integer,  gra,  grum.  Whole,  entire, 
unhurt ;  just,  impartial,  neutral. 

Integritas,  atis,  f.  (integer).  Inte- 
grity, probity,  honesty. 

Intelligentia,  ae,  f.  (intelligo).  Intel- 
ligence, discernment,  understand- 
ing. 

Intelligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  un- 
derstand, perceive,  know. 

Inter,  prep,  with  ace.  Between, 
among,  in  the  midst  of. 

Intercipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (inter, 
capio).  To  catch ;  intercept,  take 
from. 

Intercludo,  ere,  clusi,  clusum,  (inter, 
claudo).  To  prevent,  cut  off. 

Tnter-dum,  adv.     Sometimes. 

Jnter-ea,  adv.     In  the  mean  time. 

fnter-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
perish.  295. 

Inter-est,  impers.  It  concerns,  it  is 
important. 

Interfector,  oris,  m.  (interficio). 
Murderer. 


Interficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (inter, 
facio).  To  kill,  slay. 

Interim,  adv.  In  the  mean  time, 
meanwhile. 

Interimo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (inter, 
emo).  To  deprive  of,  to  kill. 

Interior,  ins.     Interior,  inland.  166. 

Interitus,  us,  m.  (intereo).  Destruc- 
tion. 

Interjicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectum,  (inter, 
jacio).  To  place  between;  anno 
interjedot  at  the  expiration  of  a 
year. 

Internecio,  onis,  f.     Slaughter. 

Inter-nuncius  or  internuntius,  ii,  m. 
Messenger. 

Interregnum^  i,  n.  An  interreign, 
interregnum. 

In-territus,  a,  urn.  Fearless,  undis* 
mayed. 

Inter-rogo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  ask, 
question. 

Inter-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break  down,  interrupt. 

Inter-sero,  ere,  serui,  sertum.  To  al- 
lege, interpose. 

Inter-sum,  esse,fui.  To  be  present 
at,  take  part  in. 

Inter-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
intervene,  occur. 

Intestlnus,  a,  um.     Intestine,  civil. 

Intra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace* 
Within. 

Intro,  are,  avi,  alum.     To  enter. 

Intro-eo,  ire,  Ivior  ii,  Itum.  To  en 
ter.  295. 

In-tueor,  tueri,  tultus  sum.  To  look 
at,  observe. 

Intus,  adv.     Within. 

In-usitatus,  a,  um.  Unusual,  extra- 
ordinary. 

In-utilis,  e.     Useless. 


174 


LATIN   EEADEE. 


[INVADO 


In-vado,  8re,  volsi,  vasum.  To  in- 
vade, seize. 

In-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To  find, 
invent,  devise,  meet  with. 

Inventrix,  ids,  f.  (inventor).  In- 
ventress. 

In-vicem,  adv.  By  turns,  one  an- 
other. 

In-victus,  a,  urn.  Unconquered,  in- 
vincible. 

In-video,  ere,  vldi,  vlsum.     To  envy. 

Invidia,  ae,  f.     Envy,  hatred. 

Invlws,  a,  urn.     Odious,  hateful. 

Invlto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  invite, 
allure. 

Invitus,  a,  um.     Unwilling. 

Ionia,  ae,  f.  Ionia,  a  country  in  the 
western  part  of  Asia  Minor,  (224). 

lones,  um,  m.  pi.     The  lonians. 

Iphicrates,  is,  m.  Iphicrates,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general.  He  rose 
from  an  humble  station  to  the 
highest  offices  of  state,  (49). 

Ipse,  a,  um.  Self,  himself,  herself, 
itself. 

Ira,  ae,  f.     Anger. 

Irascor,  irasci,  iratus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  angry,  be  in  a  rage. 

Iratus,  a,  um,  (irascor).  Enraged, 
angry,  angered. 

Irreparabilis,  e.     Irrecoverable. 

Irrideo,  ere,  risi,  rlsum,  (in,  rideo). 
To  ridicule,  laugh  at,  laugh. 

Irrlto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  provoke, 
irritate,  incite. 

Jrrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum,  (in, 
rurnpo).  To  rush  into,  make  an 
incursion  into. 

Is,  ea,  id.     He,  she,  it,  that,  such. 

Isocrates,  is,  m.  Isocrates,  a  famous 
orator  and  teacher  of  rhetoric  at 
Athens,  (45). 


Iste,  a,  ud.  That,  such;  sometimes 
used  in  contempt. 

Ister,  tri,  m.  The  river  Danube. 
This  name  is  applied  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  river,  the  upper 
part  taking  the  name  Danubius, 
(215). 

Ita,  adv.  Thus,  so ;  to  such  an  ex- 
tent. 

Italia,  ae,  f.     Italy,  (180). 

Italicus  or  Italus,  a,  um.  Italian; 
subs.  Italus,  i,  m.,  an  Italian, 
(148). 

Itd-que,  adv.  Therefore,  and  thus, 
accordingly. 

Iter,  itineris,  n.  Way,  march,  route, 
road. 

Iterum,  adv.    Again,  a  second  time. 


Jaceo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  lie. 

Jacio,  ere,  jcci,  jactum.     To  throw, 

hurl ;  also,  to  lay,  place,  erect. 
Jaculum,  i,  n.  (jacio).     Dart,  javelin. 
Jam,  adv.     Now,  already. 
Janiculum,  i,  n.      Janiculum,  a  hill 

on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber,  not 

one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome, 

though  included  within  the  wall 

built  by  Aurelian    in  the  third 

century,  (148). 
Jocus,  i,  m.,  also  in  the  pi.  joca,  jo- 

corum.     Joke,  jest.     141. 
Jubeo,  ere,  jussi,  jussum.     To  order, 

direct. 
Jucundus,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  pleasant, 

delightful. 

Judaea,  ae,  f.     Judea,  (206). 
Judaeus,  a,  um.     Jewish  ;  subs.  Jif- 

daeus,  i,  m.,  a  Jew,  (206). 
Judcx,  ids,  m.  and  f.  ( judlco).  Judge, 

arbiter. 


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LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


175 


Judicium,  ii,  n.  (judex).    Judgment, 

decision,  trial. 

Judwo,  are,  dvi,  atum.     To  judge. 
Jugum,  i,  n.     Yoke. 
Julius,  ii,  m.     See  Caesar. 
Jungo,  ere,  junxi,  jundum.    To  join, 

unite ;  societdtem  jungcre,  to  form 

a  partnership. 
•Junior,   ius,   (juvenis).      Younger. 

168,  4. 
Junius,  ii,  m.       Junius,  a  Roman 

name ;    as   Caius  Junius,   consul 

and  dictator,  (20,  7).    See  Bruius. 
Jupiter,  Jovis,  m.     Jupiter,  king  of 

the  gods.     66,  3. 
Juro,  are,  dvi,  atum.     To  take  oath, 

swear. 

Jus,  juris,  n.     Right,  justice,  autho- 
rity,  control ;  jure,  with   or   by 

right,  justly,  properly. 
Justitia,  ae,  f.  (Justus).     Justice. 
Justus,  a,  um,  (jus).     Just. 
Juvenca,  ae,  f.     Heifer,  cow. 
Juvencus,  i,  m.     A  young  bullock. 
Juvenis,  e.     Young ;  subs,  a  youth. 

168,  4. 
Juventus,  utis,  f.  ( juvenis).     Youth  ; 

the  period  of  youth. 
Juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.    To  help,  aid, 

assist,  support. 


L.    An  abbreviation  of  Lucius. 
Labienus,  i,  m.     Labienus,  a  Roman 

name.     Titus  Labienus,  the  legate 

of  Caesar  in  Gaul,  (56,  14). 
'Labor,  oris,  m.  Labor,  work. 
Lab  or o,  are,  dv'i,  atum,  (labor).  To 

labor,   strive,   take  pains  ;    toil ; 

suffer. 

Lac,  lactis,  n.     Milk. 
Lacedaemon,  onis,  f.     The  city  of 


Lacedaemon  or  Sparta,  the  capital 
of  Laconia,  (94). 

Lacedaemonius,  a,  um.  Lacedaemo- 
nian or  Spartan;  subs.  Lacedae- 
monius, ii,  m.,  a  Lacedaemonian 
or  Spartan,  (123). 

Lacesso,  ere,  wi  or  ii,  itum.  To  ex- 
cite, assail,  provoke. 

Laconia  or  Laconica,  ae,  f.  Laco- 
nia, a  country  of  the  Peloponnesus, 
(222). 

Laco  or  Lacon,  onis,  m.   A  Laconian. 

Lacrima  or  lacrijma,  ae,  f.     Tear. 

Lacrimo  or  lacrymo,  are,  dvi,  atum, 
(lacrima).  To  weep,  shed  tears. 

Lacus,  us,  m.     Lake.     117. 

Laelius,  ii,  in,  Laelius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Laelius,  a  celebrated 
Roman  consul  and  augur,  sur- 
named  the  Wise.  He  was  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Scipio  Africanus 
the  Younger,  (65). 

Laetitia,  ae,  f.  (laetus).  Joy,  glad- 
ness. 

Laetus,  a,  um.   Glad,  joyous,  pleased. 

Laevinus,  i,  m.  Laevinus,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Valerius  Laevinus, 
a  Roman  consul,  (180).  Marcus 
Valerius  Laevinus,  also  a  Roman 
consul  and  a  distinguished  com- 
mander, (193). 

Laevus,  a,  um.  Left,  on  the  left 
hand. 

Lamachus,  i,  m.  Lamachus,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

Lamia,  ae,  m.  Lamia,  a  Roman 
surname,  (71). 

Lanio,  are,  am,  atum.  To  tear  in 
pieces. 

Lassitudo,  mis,  f.  Fatigue,  weari- 
nesSo 


176 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[LATSBR4 


Latzbra,  ae,  f.    Retreat,  hiding-place, 

pretence. 

Latlne,  adv.  (Latmus).     In  Latin. 
Latinus,  i,  m.     Latinus,  an  ancient 

king  of  the  Laurentians  in  Italy, 

(149). 
Latium,  ii,  n.   Latium,  a  country  of 

Italy  containing  Rome,  (167). 
Latinus,  a,  um,  adj.     Latin;  subs. 

Latinus,  i,  m.,  an  inhabitant  of 

Latium,  a  Latin ;  pi.  the  Latins, 

(161). 

Latro,  onis,  m.     Robber. 
Latus,  a,  urn.     Broad,  wide. 
Latus,  eris,  n.     Side. 
Laudabilis,  e,  (laudo).  Praiseworthy, 

laudable. 
Laudo,  are,  aw,  atum,  (laus).     To 

praise. 

Laurentia,  ae,  f.     See  Acca. 
Laus,  laudis,  f.    Praise. 
Lavinia,  ae,  f.     Lavinia,  daughter  of 

Latinus  and  wife  of  Aeneas,  (149). 
Lavinium,  ii,  n.     Lavinium,  a  town 

in  Latium,  a  few  miles  south  of 

Rome,  founded  by  Aeneas,   and 

named  by  him  after  his  wife  Lavi- 
nia, (149). 
Laxo,   are,   am,   atum.      To   relax, 

loosen. 
Lectito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (lego).     To 

read  often,  with  eagerness,  to  read. 

OOO      T      O 
OOZi,   1.   O. 

Jjectus,  a,  um,  (lego).  Choice,  ex- 
cellent. 

Legaiio,  onis,  f.     Legation,  embassy. 

Legatus,  i,  m.  Ambassador,  lieuten- 
ant, messenger. 

Legio,  onis,  f.  Legion,  a  body  of 
soldiers. 

Lego,  are,  avi,  atum^  (lex).  To  be- 
queathe  as  a  legacy. 


Lego,  ere,  legi,  lectum.  To  choose, 
elect ;  read. 

Lentulus,  i,  m.  Lentulus,  a  surname 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
Publms  Cornelius  Lentulus,  a  con- 
spirator with  Catiline,  (97,  15). 

Leo,  onis,  in.     Lion. 

Leonidas,  ae,  in.  Leonidas,  a  Spar- 
tan  king  who  fell  at  Thermopylae, 
(124). 

Lepidus,  i,  m.  Lepidus,  one  of  the 
triumvirs  with  Octavianus  and 
Antony,  (83,  212). 

Lesbos  or  Lesbus,  i,  f.  Lesbos,  a 
celebrated  island  in  the  Aegean 
Sea,  (49,  12). 

Letalis,  e,  (letum).      Deadly,  mortal 

Letum,  i,  n.     Death. 

Leuctra,  drum,  n.  pi.  Leuctra,  a 
small  town  in  Boeotia,  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Epaminondas 
over  the  Lacedaemonians,  (229). 

Leudricus,  a,  um.  Of  or  belonging 
to  Leuctra ;  Leuctrian,  (230). 

Levis,  e.     Light,  easy. 

Leviter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (levis). 
Lightly,  slightly, 

Lex,  legis,  f.     Law,  condition,  terms. 

Liber,  bri,  m.     Book. 

Liber,  era,  erum.    Free. 

Liberi,  6rum,  m.  pi.     Children. 

Libero,  are,  avi,  atum,  (liber).  To 
liberate,  free. 

Libertas,  dtis,  f.  (liber).  Liberty, 
freedom. 

Licet,  impers.  It  is  lawful,  is  per- 
mitted. 

Licet,  conj.     Although,  though. 

lAcinius,  ii,  m.  Licinius,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Licinius,  a  Roman 
consul  and  commander  in  the  war 
with  Perseus,  (198).  Marcus  Li- 


MAGNIFICE] 


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177 


ciniics  Crassus,  proconsul  in  the 
war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 

lAgneus,  a,  um.     Wooden,  of  wood. 

lAgures,  um,  m.  pi.  The  Ligurians, 
inhabitants  of  Liguria  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  Italy,  (190). 

Lilybaeum,  i,  n.  Lilybaeum,  a  pro- 
montory on  the  southwestern  coast 
of  Sicily,  (188). 

Lis,  litis,  f.     Strife,  quarrel,  lawsuit. 

Ifdterae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Letter,  letters  ; 
literature.  132. 

Litus,  oris,  n.     Shore,  sea-shore. 

Locupleto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  en- 
rich, make  rich. 

Locus,  i,  m.,  pi.  loci  or  loca,  n.  Place. 
141. 

Longe,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (longus). 
Much,  greatly,  by  far. 

Longinquus,  a,  um.  Remote,  dis- 
tant, long. 

Longitudo,  inis,  f.  (longus).  Length. 

Longus,  a,  um.     Long. 

Loquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum.  To 
speak,  converse. 

Lorica,  ae,  f.     Coat-of-mail. 

Lucius,  ii,  m.  Lucius,  a  name  com- 
mon among  the  Romans  ;  as,  Lu- 
cius Tarquinius  Priscus,  (162). 

Lucretius,  ii,  m.  Lucretius,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Spurius  Lucretius, 
the  colleague  of  Publicola  in  the 
consulship,  (170). 

Lucrum,  i,  n.  Gain,  profit,  advan- 
tage. 

IMCUS,  i,  m.     Grove. 

Ludus,  i,  m.  Game,  play,  sport, 
school. 

Lugeo,  ere,  luxi.  To  grieve,  mourn, 
weep  for. 

Lumen,  mis,  n.     A  light ;  the  eye. 

Luna,  ae,  f.     Moon. 


Luo,  tre,  lui,  luitum  or  lutum.  To 
pay  ;  expiate,  atone  for. 

Lupa,  ae,  f.     A  she-wolf. 

Lupus,  i,  m.     A  wolf. 

Lustratio,  onis,  f.  (lustro).  Expi- 
atory sacrifice ;  review  attended 
with  sacrifices. 

Lustro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  purify? 
review. 

Lusus,  us,  m.  Play,  game;  jest, 
sport,  fun. 

Lutatius,  ii,  m.     See  Catnlus. 

Lux,  lucis,  f.     Light,  light  of  day. 

Luxuria,  ae,  f.     Luxury,  excess. 

Lycurgus,  i,  m.  Lycurgus,  the  cele- 
brated law-giver  of  Sparta,  (95). 

Lydia,  ae,  f.  Lydia,  a  country  in 
Asia  Minor,  (225). 

Lydus,  a,  um.  Lydian,  pertaining 
to  Lydia  ;  subs,  a  Lydian,  (33). 

Lysander,  dri,  m.  Lysander,  a  ce- 
lebrated Spartan  general,  (225). 

M 

M.    An  abbreviation  of  Marcus. 
Macedonia,  ae,  f.     Macedonia,  Ma- 

cedon,  a  country  north  of  Thes- 

saly,  (193). 
Macedo,  onis,  m.     A  Macedonian, 

(230). 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.     Macedo- 
nian, (197). 
Magis,  comp.  adv.     More.     See  thw 

superlative,  maxime. 
Magister,   tri,   m.     Master,   leader, 

teacher. 

Magistra,  ae,  f.  Instructress,  teacher. 
Nagistratus,    us,    m.      Magistracy, 

magistrate. 
Magnifice,  centius,  centissime,  adv. 

(magnif  icus).  Magnificently,  splen* 

didly.    306. 


178 


LATIN  READER. 


[MAGNIFICENTER 


MagwjicenteY,  nw,  issime,  adv.rr: 
magnifies. 

Magnificentia,  ae,  f.  (magnificus). 
Magnificence,  costliness. 

Magnificus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  magnifi- 
centior,  superl.  magnificentissimus. 
Splendid  ;  stately ;  high-minded, 
magnificent.  164. 

'Magnitudo,  inis,  f.  (magnus).  Great- 
ness, size. 

Magnopere,  adv.  (magnus,  opus). 
Greatly*  earnestly. 

Magnus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  major,  su- 
perl. maximus.  Great,  large ; 
in  comp.  and  superl.  sometimes 
older,  oldest,  elder,  eldest  f  ma- 
jor es,  forefathers,  ancestors  ;  ma- 
jor es  natu,  elders.  165. 

Magus,  i,  m.  Generally  plur.  Magi, 
orum.  A  wise  man,  particularly 
among  the  Persians. 

ftfajestas,  atis,  f.     Majesty,  dignity. 

Major.     See  magnus. 

Male,  comp.  pejus,  superl.  pessime, 
adv.  (malus).  Badly,  with  ill 
success.  306. 

Male-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  speak 
evil  of,  revile,  abuse,  rail  at. 

Maleficus,  a,  um,  (male,  facio.) 
Evil-doing,  vicious,  wicked,  hurt- 
ful. 164. 

Malo,  malle,  malui,  irregular.  To 
prefer.  293. 

Malum,  i,  n.     Misfortune,  evil. 

ftfalus,  a,  um ;  comp.  pejor,  superl. 
pessimus.  Bad,  poor,  wicked. 
165. 

Mancinus,  i,  m.  Mancinus,  a  Ro- 
man consul  in  the  war  with  the 
Numantians,  (201). 

Mando,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  bid,  en- 
johi,  intrust. 


Maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Manifesto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  show, 
manifest. 

Manius,  ii,  m.  Manius,  a  Roman 
name  ;  as,  Manius  Manlius. 

Manlius,  ii,  m,  Manlius,  a  Roman 
name.  Manius  Manlius,  a  Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199).  Titus  Manlius,  a  Roman 
youth,  surnamed  Torquatus  for 
his  achievements  hi  the  Gallic 
war,  (177). 

MantinM,,  ae,  f.  A  city  of  Arcadia, 
in  the  Peloponnesus,  (142). 

Manumitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (ma- 
nus,  mitto).  To  release  from  one's 
power,  emancipate,  make  free. 

Manus,  us,  f.     Hand ;  force. 

Marathon,  dnis,  m.  Marathon,  a 
town  and  plain  in  Attica,  cele- 
brated for  the  victory  of  Miltiadeb 
over  the  Persians,  (216). 

Marathonim,  a,  um.  Marathoniao ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Marathon,  (97). 

Marcius,  ii,  m.  Marcius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Ancus,  Censorinus. 

Marcellus,  i,  m.   Roman  gen'l,  (193). 

Marcus,  i,  m.  Marcus,  a  Roman 
name,  (186). 

Mardonius,  ii,  m.  Mardonius,  a  Per- 
sian general,  defeated  by  Pausa- 
nias  in  the  battle  of  Plataea,  (221). 

Mare,  is,  n.     Sea. 

Marinus,  a,  um,  (mare).  Marine, 
of  the  sea,  from  or  by  the  sea. 

Marius,  ii,  m.  Marius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Marius,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  the  con- 
queror of  Jugurtha,  and  leader  in 
the  civil  war  against  Sulla.  He 
was  consul  geven  times,  (202). 


ME  us] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


179 


Mars,  Martis,  m.  Mars,  the  god  of 
war;  sometimes  put  for  war  it- 
self, (152,  226). 

Massa,  ae,  f.     Mass,  lump. 

Mater,  iris,  f.     Mother. 

Materia,  ae,  f.,  or  materies,  Ii,  f. 
Material. 

Matricidium,  ii,  n.     Matricide. 

Matrimonium,  ii,  n.     Marriage. 

Matrona,  ae,  f.     Matron. 

Maximc,  adv.  Especially,  in  the 
highest  degree.  See  magis. 

Maxlmus,  a,  urn ;  superlative  of 
magnus.  Greatest. 

Maximus,  i,  m.  Maximus,  a  Roman 
surname ;  as,  Quintus  Fabius  Max- 
imus, the  famous  dictator  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  (175). 

Medicus,  i,  m.     Physician. 

Medius,  a,  um.  Middle,  midst  of, 
middle  of.  440,  note  1. 

Medius,  ii,  m.  Medius,  a  Thessalian, 
friend  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
(243). 

Medu*,  a,um.  Median,  Assyrian,(53). 

Mehercule,  adv.  By  Hercules,  truly, 
indeed. 

Mel,  nielli's,  n.     Honey. 

Melior,  ius.     Better.     See  bonus. 

Membrum,  i,  n.     Member,  limb. 

Memmi,  isti,  defect.  To  remember. 
297. 

Memor,  oris.  Mindful,  endowed 
with  memory,  remembering  read- 
ily, remembering. 

Memorabilia,  e.     Memorable. 

Memoria,  ae,  f.  Memory,  recol- 
lection. 

Memphis,  is,  f.  Memphis,  a  city  of 
Egypt,  (239). 

Menander,   dri,   m.      Menander,    a 
Roman  name,  (67). 
I 


Mendacium,  ii,  n.  Untruth,  false- 
hood, lie. 

Menenius,  ii,  m.     See  Agrippa. 

Mens,  mentis,  f.     Mind,  reason. 

Mensis,  is,  m.     Month. 

Mentio,  onis,  f.     Mention. 

Mentior,  iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  speak, 
falsely,  lie,  cheat,  deceive. 

Merces,  edis,  f.  (mereo).  Reward, 
price,  wages. 

Mercor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
trade,  buy,  purchase. 

Mercurius,  ii,  m.  Mercury,  the  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  the  god  of 
eloquence,  and  the  messenger  of 
the  gods,  (19). 

Mereo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  deserve, 
merit. 

Mereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  de- 
serve, earn,  merit. 

Mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
merge,  sink ;  destroy. 

Merito,  adv.  (meritum).  With 
good  reason,  with  reason,  deserv- 
edly. 

Meritum,  i,  n.     Reward,  merit. 

Merum,  i,  n.     Wine,  pure  wine. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f.  Mesopotamia,  a 
country  of  Asia,  between  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris,  (24,  10). 

Metallum,  i,  n.     Metal,  mine. 

Metellus,  i,  m.  Metellus,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Metellus  Plus,  (138). 

Metior,  iri,  mensus  sum,  dep.  To 
measure,  estimate. 

Metius,  ii,  m.     See  Suffetius. 

Meto,  ere,  messui,  messum.  To  reap^ 
mow. 

Metuo,  ere,  ui.     To  fear. 

Mctus,  us,  m.    Fear,  dread. 

Meus,  a,  um,  voc.  sing.  masc.  mi. 
My,  mine.  185. 


180 


LATE*   READER. 


[MlGRO 


Miaro,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  migrate, 
remove. 

Miles,  ttis,  m.     Soldier,  soldiery. 

Militaris,  e,  (miles).     Military. 

Militia,  ae,  f.  (miles).  Warfare,  mi- 
litary service,  military  affairs. 

Millto,  are,  am,  atum,  (miles).  To 
serve  as  a  soldier,  to  serve. 

Mille,  subs,  and  adj.  Thousand ; 
millia,  subs.,  a  thousand,  a  thou- 
sand men. 

Milliarium,  ii,  n.  Milestone, 
mile. 

Miltiades,  is,  m.  Miltiades,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  con- 
queror at  Marathon,  (39,  IV.) 

Minerva,  ae,  f.  Goddess  of  wisdom, 
(22). 

Minime,  adv.     Least.     See  parum. 

Minimus,  a,  urn,  (parvus).  Smallest, 
least. 

Minitor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
threaten,  menace. 

Minor,  oris.     See  Armenia. 

Minor,  us,  (parvus).    Smaller,  less. 

Minuo,  ere,  ui,  utum.  To  lessen, 
diminish. 

Minus,  adv.     Less.     See  parum. 

Mirabilis,  e,  (miror).     Wonderful. 

Mirificus,  a,  um,  (mirus,  facio). 
Causing  wonder,  wonderful,  mar- 
vellous. 

Miror,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To  won- 
der, admire. 

Mirus,  a,  um.  Wonderful,  sur- 
prising. 

Miser,  era,  erum.  Unfortunate,  un- 
happy, worthless,  miserable,  sad. 

Misereo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  pity ;  of- 
ten impersonal ;  miseret  me,  I  pity. 

Misereor,  eri,  miserlus  or  miseritus 
sum,  dep.  To  pity. 


Miseria,  ae,  f.  (miser).  Misery, 
affliction. 

Misericordia,  ae,  f.     Compassion. 

Mithridates,  is,  m.  Mithridates,  a 
celebrated  king  of  Pontus,  (202). 

Mithridaticus,  a,  um.  Mithridatic ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Mithridates, 
(202). 

Mitis,  e.    Mild,  gentle,  placid. 

Mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.    To  send 

Moderate,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (modera- 
tus).  With  moderation. 

Moderatio,  onis,  f.  Moderation,  self- 
control. 

Moderatus,  a,  um.  Discreet,  mod- 
erate. 

Modius  (or  um,  n.),  ii,  m.  Measure, 
a  little  more  than  a  peck. 

Modo,  adv.  Now,  only,  but,  pro 
vided  that ;  modo — modo,  some- 
times— sometimes. 

Modus,  i,  m.  Manner,  measure, 
limits. 

Moenia,  ium,  n.  pi.  Walls  of  a  city, 
city. 

Moles,  is,  f.     Mole,  dam. 

Molestus,  a,  um.  Unwelcome,  irk, 
some,  oppressive,  troublesome, 
painful. 

Molitio,  Gnis,  f.  Undertaking,  pre- 
paration. 

Mollio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To 
soften. 

Momentum,  i,  n.  Weight,  mflu 
ence. 

Moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  advist 
warn,  admonish. 

Moiiitus,  us,  m.  (moneo).     Advice. 

Mons,  montis,  m.     Mountain,  mount. 

Monstro,  are,  am,  alum.    To  show. 

Mora,  ae,  f.     Delay. 

Morbus,  i,  m.     Disease- 


NATO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


181 


Morior,  Iri  or  i,  mortuus  sum,  dep. 
To  die.  283. 

Moror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (mora). 
To  delay,  tarry. 

Mors,  mortis,  f.     Death. 

Morsus,  us,  m.     Bite. 

Mortalis,  e.  Mortal,  deadly  ;  subs. 
mortal,  man. 

Mortifer,  era,  erum,  (mors  and  fero). 
Deadly,  mortal. 

Mos,  mom,  m.  Custom,  manner; 
pi.  character,  morals. 

Motus,  us,  m.  Motion ;  commotion, 
revolt. 

Mbveo,  ere,  mom,  motum.  To  move, 
excite. 

Mox,  adv.     Presently,  soon. 

Mucius,  ii,  m.  Mucius,  a  Roman 
name.  Mucius  Scaevola,  a  Roman 
youth  who  attempted  to  assassi- 
nate Porsena,  (172). 

Mucro,  onis,  m.  Point  of  sword, 
sword. 

Huliebris,  e,  (mulier).  Belonging  to 
women,  womanly,  woman's. 

Mulier,  eris,  f.     Woman. 

Multitado,  mis,  f.  (multus).  Mul- 
titude. 

Multo,  are,  am,  dtum.  To  punish, 
deprive  of  by  way  of  punishment ; 
to  fine. 

Multo,  adv.  (multus).     By  far,  much. 

Mullus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  plus,  n.,  su- 
perl.  plurimus.  Much,  many. 
165. 

Mundus,  i,  m.     World,  universe. 

Munia,  ium,  n.  pi.  Duties,  func- 
tions of  office. 

Munificentia,  ae,  f.  Munificence,  be- 
neficence. 

Munimentum,   i,  n.      Fortification, 

defence,  covering. 

p 


ilo,  ire,  1m  or  ii,  Hum.     To  for- 

tify, defsnd. 
Munitio,      onis,     f.       Fortification, 

rampart. 
Munitus,     a,    .um,    part,    (munio). 

Fortified. 
Munus,  eris,  n.     Reward,   present; 

service,  office. 
Munychia,    ae,    f.      The  Athenian 

harbor  Munychia    and    the    hill 

which  rises  above  it,  (228). 
Murus,  i,  m.     Wall. 
Mus,  muris,  m.     Mouse. 
Mutatio,  onis,  f.  (muto).     Change. 
Muto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  change, 

alter. 

Muiuus,  a,  um.     Mutual. 
Mycale,  es,  f.     Mycale,  a  high  pro- 

montory or  mountain  of  Ionia,  in 

Asia  Minor,  (221). 
Myndii,  orum,  m.  pi.     Myndians,  in- 

habitants of  Myndus,  (135). 
Myndus  or  os,  i,  f.      Myndus,  a  city 

of  Caria,  in  Asia  Minor,  now  Men* 

des,  (135). 


Nam,  conj.     For. 
Nam-que,  conj.     For,  but. 
Nanciscor,  nancisci,  nactus  sum,  d#p. 

To  obtain,  take  advantage  of. 
Narro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  relatev 

narrate. 
Nascor,  nasci,  natus  sum,  dep.      TG 

be  born,  be  produced,  to  arise. 
Natalis,  e,  (nascor).     Of  or  belong* 

ing  to  one's  birth,  natal;  natdlie 

dies,  birth-day. 

Natio,  onis,  f.     Nation,  people. 
Natu,  defective,  abl.  sing,  (nascor). 

By  birth,  in  age  :  maximus  natu, 

eldest.    134. 


182 


LATIN   READER. 


[NATURA 


Nattira.  ae,  f.    Nature,  creation. 

Natus,  a,  um,  part,  (nascor).  Born, 
having  been  born. 

Naturdlis,  e,  (natura).    Natural. 

Naufwyrium,  ii,  JL.  (navls?  frango). 
Shipwreck. 

Nauims,.  ii,  m.  Nautius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Caius  Nautius,  tc  3  con- 
sul, (19,  11). 

Navalis,  e,  (navis).     Naval. 

Navigatio,  onis,  f.  Navigation,  sail- 
ing. 

Navigo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  sail, 
sail  upon,  navigate. 

Navis,  is,  f.     Ship. 

Ne,  adv.,  and  conj.  used  with  im- 
perative and  subj.  Not,  that  not, 
lest ;  after  verbs  of  fearing,  that, 
lest;  nequidem,  or  ne — quidem, 
not  even. 

Ne,  iiiterrog.  particle.     351,  1. 

Nee  or  neque,  adv.  and  conj.  Nei- 
ther, nor ;  and  not,  not ;  nee — 
nee,  neque — neque,  neither — nor. 

Necessarius,  a,  um.    Necessary. 

Necesse,  adj.  neut.  used  chiefly  in  this 
form.  Necessary,  inevitable. 

Neco,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  slay,  kill. 

Negligens,  entix,  (negligo).  Negli- 
gent, neglectful. 

Negligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  neg 
lect,  disregard. 

Nego,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  deny,  re- 
fuse. 

ffegotium,  ii,  n.  Business,  diffi- 
culty ;  undertaking,  work,  enter- 
prise. 

Nemo,  (mis,  gen.  not  in  good  use). 
No  one,  nobody. 

Nepos,  otis,  m.     Grandson. 

Neptunus,  i,  m.  Neptune,  the  god 
of  the  sea,  (155). 


Neque.     See  Nee. 

Nequeo,  ire,  ivi,  or  ii,  itum,  irreg. 

like  eo.     To  be  unable,  not  to  be 

able.     296. 
Nequidem.     See  Ne. 
Nequis  or  ne  quis,  qua,   quod,  of 

quid.     That  no  one. 
Nervii,  drum,  m.  Nervians,  a  peoplQ 

ofBelgicGaul,  (28). 
Nescio,   ire,   ivi   or  ii,   Hum,    (ne, 

scio).    To    be    ignorant,  not   to 

know. 
Nescius,  a,  um,  (nescio).     Ignorant, 

unknown. 
Nicias,  ae,  m.     Nicias,  an  Athenian 

statesman  and  general,  (223). 
Nicomedes,  is,  m.    Nicomedes,  king 

of  Bithynia,  (43). 
Niger,    gra,   grum.     Dark,    black, 

dusky. 

Nigrans,  antis.    Black,  dusky. 
Nihil,  n.  indec.    Nothing  ;  adv.  not, 

in  nothing.     128. 
Niliilum,  i,  n.     Nothing. 
Nilus,    i,   m.     The    river    Nile    in 

Egypt,  (211). 

Nimis,  adv.  Exceedingly,  too  much. 
Nimius,    a,    um.      Excessive,    too 

much,  too  great. 

Nisi,  conj.     Unless,  if  not,  except. 
Niteo,  nitere,  nitui,  (nix).    To  shine, 

glitter,  glisten. 
Nitor,  niti,  nisus  or  nixus  sum,  dep. 

To  strive,  attempt;  to  depend  or 

rely  upon. 

Nix,  nivis,  f.     Snow. 
Nobilis,  e.     Noble,  famous. 
Nobilitas,  atis,  f.    (nobilis).     Fame, 

nobleness ;  nobility,  nobles. 
Nobilito,  are,   avi,   atum,  (nobilis). 

To  render  famous ;  to  ennoble ; 

improve. 


LATHS-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


183 


Noceo,  ere,  ui,  ilum.  To  hurt,  harm, 
injure. 

Noctu,  abl.     By  night. 

Nocturnus,  a,  urn.  Nocturnal,  oc- 
curring at  night. 

Nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  irreg.  To  be  un- 
willing. 293. 

Nomen,  inis,  n.     Name. 

Nomino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (nomen). 
To  name,  call. 

Non,  adv.     Not ;  nonnisi,  only. 

Nonagesimus,  a,  urn.     Ninetieth. 

Nonaginta,  indec.     Ninety. 

Non-dum,  adv.     Not  yet. 

Nonne,  interrog.  particle.  Whether, 
expecting  answer  yes.  351,  1. 

Nonnullus,  a,  urn,  (declined  like 
nullus).  Some. 

Nonus,  a,  um.     Ninth. 

Nosco,  ere,  novi,  notum.  To  know, 
understand,  learn. 

Noster,  tra,  trum.  pron.     Our. 

Notitia,  ae,  f.  (notus).  Celebrity, 
note;  acquaintance,  knowledge. 

Notus,  a,  um.  part,  (nosco).  Known. 

Novem,  indecl.     Nine. 

Noverca,  ae,  f.     Step-mother. 

Novo,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (novus).  To 
renew,  change;  revolutionize. 

Novus,  a,  um.  New;  novae  res, 
revolution. 

Nox,  noctis,  f.     Night. 

Nubes,  is,  f.     Cloud. 

Nubo,  ere,  nupsi,  nuptum.  To  veil 
one's  self,  to  marry,  applied  to  the 
bride  as  she  was  covered  with  a 
veil. 

ffudus,  a,  um.  Naked,  uncovered, 
destitute  of. 

Nullus,  a,  um.    No  one,  no.     151. 

Num,  interrog.  particle.     Whether, 


used  both  in  direct  and  in  indirect 

questions.     See  351,  1. 
Numa,  ae,  m.     Numa.JVwma    Pom- 

pilius,  the  second  king  of  Rome, 

(159). 
Numantia,  ae,  f.     Numantia,  a  city 

of  Spain,  (201). 
Numantlni,  drum,  m.  pi.     Numan- 

tians,  the  inhabitants  of  Numan- 
tia, (201). 

Numen,  inis,  n.     A  god,  deity. 
Numero,  are,  avi,  atum,  (numerus). 

To  count,  reckon,  number. 
Numerus,    i,    m.     Number,    quan- 
tity. 
Numida,  ae,  m.     A  Numidian,  in' 

habitant  of  Numidia  in   Africa, 

(48). 
Numltor,  oris,  m.     Numitor,  a  king 

of  Alba,  grandfather  of  Romulus 

and  Remus,  (154). 
Nummus,  i,  m.    Money,  a  piece  of 

money,  a  coin. 
Nunc.    Now. 
Nuncupo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  call, 

name. 

Nunquam.     Never. 
Nuntio  (or  do),  are,  avi,  atum,  (nun- 

tius).    To  announce,  relate. 
Nuntius,  ii,  m.   Message,  news,  mes- 
senger. 
Nuptiae,    arum,    f.    pi.     Marriage, 

nuptials. 
Nutrio,    ire,  Ivi   or  ii,   Hum.     To 

nourish,  support. 
Nutrix,  ids,  f.    Nurse. 
Nympha,  ae,  f.     Nymph,  spouse. 
Nysa,  ae,  f.     Nysa,  a  city  in  India, 

(242). 


184 


LATIN   KEADEK. 


[0 


0. 

0,  interi.    0! 

Ob,  prep,  with  ace.     On  account  of, 

for. 
Ob-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  draw 

over,  overspread,  cover. 
Obedio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  obey, 

serve ;  be  subject  to. 
Ob-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.    To  meet ; 

die.     295. 
Objecto,    are,    dvi,    dtum,  (objicio). 

To  expose,  set  forth;   endanger. 

336,  I. 
Objicio,  ere,  jcci,  jectum,  (ob,  jacio). 

To  expose,  offer,  present. 
Oblecto,  are,  dvi,  alum.    To  delight, 

divert,  please. 
Ob-ligo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  bind, 

oblige,  put  under  obligation. 
Oblitus,  a,  um,    part,   (obliviscor). 

Having  forgotten,  forgetful. 
Oblivio,  onis,  f.    (obliviscor).     For- 
ge tfulness,  oblivion. 
Obliviscor,  oblivisci,  oblltus  sum,  dep. 

To  forget. 
Ob-ruo,  ere,  rui,  rutum.  To  destroy, 

overwhelm. 
Obscurw,  a,  um.     Obscure,  hidden ; 

mean. 
Obsecro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (ob,  sacro). 

To  beseech,  implore. 
Obses,  idis,  m.  and  f.     Hostage. 
Obsideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum,  (ob,   se- 

deo).     To  besiege,  invest. 
Obsidio,  onis,  f.    (obsideo).     Siege, 

blockade. 

Ob-sum,  obesse,  obfui.     To  be  hurt- 
ful, be  injurious,  to  injure. 
Ob-sto,  stare,  stiti^  stdlum.     To  op- 
pose, prevent. 


Obtemperatio,  onis,  f.  Submission, 
obedience. 

Ob-tero,  ere,  trlvi,  trltum.  To  crush, 
wear  down. 

Obtineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (ob, 
teneo).  To  obtain,  hold,  prevail. 

Obtingo,  ere,  tigi,  tactum,  (ob,  tan- 
go). To  befall,  happen  to. 

Ob-trunco,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  slaugh- 
ter. 

Occaeco,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (ob,  caeco), 
To  darken,  obscure,  blind,  dazzle. 

Occasio,  onis,  f.  Opportunity,  oc- 
casion. 

Occdsus,  us,  m.  The  setting  of  the 
heavenly  bodies;  setting,  even- 
ing; the  west. 

Oc-cido,  ere,  cidi,  cdsum,  (ob,  cado). 
To  fall  down,  fall ;  to  set ;  to 
perish,  die,  be  ruined. 

Occldo,  ere,  cldi,  clsum,  (ob,  caedo). 
To  kill,  slay. 

Occulte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (occultus). 
In  secret,  secretly. 

Occultus,  a,  um.  Secret,  hidden; 
reserved,  dissembling. 

Occupo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  occupy, 
take  possession  of. 

Occurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 
sum,  (ob,  currq).  To  meet,  at- 
tack. 272,  1. 

Ocednus,  i,  m.     Ocean. 

Octavidnus,  i,  m.  (Caesar).  Octa- 
vianus,  the  first  Roman  emperor 
usually  called  Augustus  after  his 
victory  at  Actium,  (213). 

Octdvus,  a,  um,  (octo).     Eighth. 

Octingenti,  ae,  a.     Eight  hundred. 

Octo,  indecl.     Eight. 

Octogeslmus,  a,  um.     The  eightieth. 

Octoginta,  indec.  (octo).     Eighty. 

Ociilus,  i,  m.     Eye. 


ORESTES] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


185 


Odi,  odisse,  defect.  To  hate;  dis- 
like. 297. 

Odium,  ii,  n.     Hatred,  enmity. 
Oenomaus,  i,  m.     Oenomaus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator,  (204). 

Offendo,  ere,  fendi,  fensum.  To 
offend,  injure. 

Offensus,  a,  umt  (offendo).  Offend- 
ed, hostile. 

Offero,  ferre,  obtuli,  obldtum,  (ob, 
fero).  To  offer,  show  ;  se  offerre, 
to  present  one's  self,  to  offer 
one's  self,  sometimes  as  an  antago- 
nist, to  oppose ;  expose  one's  self. 

Officium,  ii,  n.  Office,  duty,  kind- 
ness, kind  office. 

Olim,  adv.     Formerly. 

Olympidcus,  Olympicus  or  Olym- 
pius,  a,  um.  Olympic,  (134). 

Olynthus,  i,  f.  Olynthus,  a  city  of 
Thrace. 

Olynthii,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Olyn- 
thians,  (231). 

Omen,  inis,  n.     Omen,  sign. 

Omitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (ob,  mit- 
to).  To  let  go,  omit,  neglect,  dis- 
regard. 

Omnis,  e.     All,  every,  whole. 

Oneraria,  ae,  f,  (onus).  Ship  of 
burden. 

Onero,  are,  am,  atum,  (onus).  To 
burden,  load,  oppress. 

Onustus,  a,  um,  (onus).  Laden,  full 
of. 

Opera,  ae,  f.  Pains,  work,  labor; 
care,  attention ;  means. 

Opimus,  a,  um.     Rich,  fertile. 

Oportet,  impers.  It  behooves,  one 
ought.  299. 

Opperior,  opperlri,  oppertus  or  op- 
perltus  sum,  dep.  To  wait  for, 
uwait. 


Oppidanus^  a,  um,  (oppidum).     In- 
habitant of  a  town,  citizen. 
Oppidum,  i,  n.     Town,  city. 
Opportunitas,  atis,  f.   (opportunus). 
Opportunity,  fitness. 

Opportunus,  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 

Opprimo,  ere,  pressi,  pressum,  (ob, 
premo).  To  put  down,  defeat, 
overcome  ;  suppress ;  oppress. 

Oppugno,  are,  am,  atum,  (ob,  pug- 
no).  To  attack,  storm,  take  by 
storm. 

( Ops\  op™,  f->  nom.  sing,  not  used. 
Power,  resources,  wealth,  force, 
aid. 

Optabllis,  e,  (opto).  Wished  for, 
desirable. 

Optlmus,  a,  um,  superl.  (bonus). 
Best,  most  excellent. 

Optio,  dnis,  f.     Choice,  option. 

Opto,  are,  am,  atum.  To  wish,  de- 
sire; ask. 

Opulens,  entis,  or  opulentus,  a,  um, 
adj.  Wealthy,  rich. 

Opus,  eris,  n.     Work. 

Opus,  nom.  and  accus.  Need,  ne- 
cessary thing,  necessary. 

Ora,  ae,  f.     The  shore,  coast. 

Oraculum,  i,  n.  Response,  ora- 
cle. 

Oratio,  onis,  f.  (oro).  Oration, 
speech,  language. 

Orator,  oris,  m.  (oro).  Orator,  mes- 
senger. 

Orbis,  is,  m.  Circle,  world;  orbis 
terrarum,  the  world. 

Ordlno,  are,  am,  atum,  (ordo).  To 
arrange,  establish. 

Ordo,  inis,  m.  Row,  rank,  order; 
bank  as  of  oars  ;  extra  ordmem, 
out  of  the  common  course. 

Orestes,  is,  and  ae,  m.     Orestes,  SOD 


186 


LATIN    READER. 


[OKI  ENS 


of  Agamemnon  and  Clytemnestra, 
(43). 

Oriens,  entis,  (orior).  Rising;  the 
morning,  the  east,  the  countries 
of  the  east,  the  Orient,  (213). 

Origo,  mis,  f.     Origin,  source. 

Orior,  oriri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  To 
rise,  appear,  dawn.  288,  2. 

Ornamentum,  i,  n.  Equipage,  or- 
nament, jewel. 

Orno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  adorn, 
equip. 

Oro,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  beg,  ask, 


Ortus,   us,   m.    (orior).      A   rising; 

place  of  rising,  the  east;   birth; 

beginning. 
Os,  ossis,  n.     Bone. 
Oscular,  art,  atus  sum.     To  kiss. 
Ostendo,  &re,  di,  sum  or  turn.     To 

show. 

Ostentum,  i,  n.  (ostendo).     Prodigy. 
Ostia,  ae,  f.     Ostia,  a  town  at  the 

mouth  of  the  Tiber,  (161). 
Ostium,  ii,  n.  Mouth,  door. 
Otium,  ii,  n.  Leisure,  rest,  ease, 

idleness. 

Ovis,  is,  f.     Sheep. 
Ovum,  i,  n.     Egg. 

P. 

P.    An  abbreviation  of  Publius. 

Paco,  are,  ave,  atum  (pax).  To  sub- 
due. 

Pactum,  i,  n.  Bargain,  contract; 
abl.  pacto,  way,  manner. 

Padus,  i,  m.     River  Po  in  Italy,  (55). 

Paene,  adv.     Almost. 

Paenitet,  ere,  paenituit,  impers.  It 
causes  regret;  paenitet  me,  it 
causes  me  to  repent,  I  repent,  am 
sorry  for,  regret. 


Palam,  adv.     Openly. 

Palatium,  ii,  n.     Palace. 

Pallium,  ii,  n.  Cloak,  coat,  gar- 
ment. 

Pango,  ere,  pepigi,  pactum.  To  con 
tract,  ratify. 

Papirius,  ii,  n.     See  Cursor. 

Par,  paris,  adj.  Equal,  a  match  for 
competent  for. 

Paratus,  a,  um,  (paro).  Prepared, 
ready. 

Parco,  ere,  peperci  or  parsi,  par- 
sum.  To  spare. 

Parens,  entis,  m.  and  f.     Parent. 

Parento,  are,  avi,  atum,  (parens). 
To  sacrifice  hi  honor  of  parents 
or  friends. 

Pareo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  obey,  be 
subject  to. 

Pario,  ere,  peperi,  partum.  To 
bear,  bring  forth,  produce,  lay, 
accomplish,  procure. 

Paro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  prepare, 
equip. 

Pars,  partis,  f.  Part,  portion  ;  party. 

Parsimonia,  ae,  f.  Frugality,  par- 
simony. 

Particeps,  participis,  (pars,  capio). 
Sharing,  partaking,  participant. 

Partim.  Partly,  in  part ;  partim — 
partim,  some — others,  either—- 
or. 

Partior,  iri,  Itus  sum,  dep.  To  dt 
vide,  share. 

Parum,  comp.  minus,  superl.  m» 
nime,  adv.  Too  little,  little,  not 
enough.  306. 

Parvus,  a,  um,  comp.  minor,  su- 
perl. minimus.  Small,  little,  un- 
important. 

Pasco,  ere,  pdvi,  pastum.  To  feed, 
graze. 


PERDUCO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


187 


Pascor,  pasd,  pastus  sum,  dep.  To 
feed,  graze,  graze  upon. 

Passer,  eris,  m.     Sparrow. 

Passus,  us,  m.  Pace ;  mille  passus, 
a  mile. 

Pastor,  oris,  m.  (pasco).     Shepherd. 

Patefacio,  ere,  fed,  factum,  (pateo, 
facio).  To  disclose,  lay  open, 
open. 

'Pateo,  ere,  ui.  To  lie  open,  be  ex- 
posed. 

Pater,  iris,  m.  Father,  sometimes 
senator. 

Paternus,  a,  um,  (pater).     Paternal. 

Patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  dep.  To 
permit,  keep,  endure. 

Patria,  ae,  f.  Country,  native 
country. 

Patrimonium,  ii,  n.  Estate,  patri- 
mony. 

Patrius,  a,  um,  (pater).     Fatherly. 

Patruus,  i,  m.  Uncle  by  the  father's 
side,  paternal  uncle. 

Pauci,  ae,  a.     Few. 

Paulatim,  adv.  By  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

Paulus  or  Paullus,  i,  m.  Paulus,  a 
surname  in  the  Aemilian  gens  or 
tribe.  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus, 
the  name  of  two  Roman  consuls, 
one  of  whom  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Cannae,  (191);  the  other  conquer- 
ed Perseus  at  Pydna,  (198). 

Paulo,  adv.  (paulus).  A  little,  by  a 
little. 

paulus,  a,  um.     Little,  small. 

Pauper,  eris.  Poor,  without  means ; 
scanty,  meagre. 

Pausanias,  ae,  m.  Pausanias,  the 
leader  of  the  Spartans  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Plataea,  (221).  . 

Pax,  pads,  f.     Peace. 


Pectus,  oris,  n.    Breast. 

Pecunia,  ae,  f.  Money,  sum  of 
money. 

Pecus,  oris,  n.     Flock,  herd,  cattle. 

Pedes,  itis,  m.  Foot-soldier ;  plur. 
infantry. 

Pedester,  iris,  ire.  Pedestrian,  on 
foot,  on  land ;  pedestres  copia^ 
infantry  forces. 

Pellido,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  allure, 
cajole. 

Pellis,  is,  f.     Skin,  hide. 

Pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsum.  To 
drive. 

Pelopidas,  ae,  m.  Pelopidas,  a 
celebrated  Theban  general,  (230). 

Penarius,  a,  um.  Of  or  for  provi- 
sions ;  cella  penaria,  granary. 

Pendeo,  ere,  pependi.  To  hang,  be 
suspended. 

Penetro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  pen- 
etrate. 

Penitus,  adv.  Inwardly;  fully,  en- 
tirely. 

Per,  prep,  with  ace.  Through,  by, 
during. 

Per-curro,  ere,  percucurri  or  per- 
curri,  cursum.  To  run  through, 
pass  over. 

Percussor,  oris,  m.  Assassin,  mur- 
derer. 

Perdiccas  or  Perdicca,  ae,  m.  Per- 
diccas,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished generals  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  (97). 

Perditus,  a,  um,  (perdo).  Lost, 
abandoned,  desperate. 

Per-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  destroy^, 
waste,  lose. 

Per-daco,  ere,  duxi,  dudum.  To 
conduct,  bring  to,  to  extend, 
build,  make. 


188 


LATIN  HEADER. 


Perennis,  e,  (per,  annus).  Continual, 
perpetual. 

Per-eo,  ire,  im  or  ii,  itum.  To  per- 
ish. 295. 

Per-exiguus,  a,  urn.  Very  small, 
very  little. 

Per-fero,  ferre,  tali,  latum.  To  carry 
through  ;  bear  ;  suffer. 

Perfidia,  ae,  f.     Perfidy. 

Pergo,  ere,  rexi,  rectum,  (per,  rego). 
To  go  on  or  to,  persevere. 

Pericles,  is,  m.  Pericles,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  orator  and  states- 
man, (222). 

Periculosus,  a,  urn,  (periculum). 
Dangerous. 

Periculum,  i,  n.     Danger,  peril. 

Perllus,  a,  um.     Skilled  in,  skilful. 

Per-magnus,  a,  um.     Very  great. 

Per-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  ;  grant,  permit ;  permittitur, 
impers.,  it  is  permitted. 

Per-multus,  a,  um.  Very  much, 
very  many. 

Permutatio,  onis,  f.  Exchange, 
barter. 

Per-paucus,  a,  um.  Few,  very 
few. 

Per-petro.  arc,  avi,  atum.  To  finish, 
achieve. 

Perpetuo,  adv.  (perpetuus).  Con- 
stantly, ever. 

Perpetuus*  a,  um.  Perpetual,  con- 
stant. 

Persa,  ae.  or  Perses,  ae,  m.  A  Per- 
sian, (44,  II. ;  126). 

Per-scquor,  sequi,  seciitus  sum,  dep. 
To  follow,  pursue,  carry  on,  pro- 
secute. 

Perseus,  i,  or  Perses,  ae,  m.  Per- 
seus or  Perses,  the  last  king  of 
Macedonia,  (198). 


Persevero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  per 
severe,  persist. 

Persicus,  a,  um.      Persian,  (50,  13)b 

Persona,  ae,  f.  Part,  character, 
person. 

Perspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (peij 
specio).  To  perceive. 

Per-stringo,  ere,  strinxi,  strictum, 
To  graze,  wound  slightly. 

Per-suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasum.  To 
persuade. 

Per-tcrreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  terrify 
greatly. 

Pertineo,  Ire,  tinui,  (per,  teneo).  To 
pertain  to,  tend. 

Per-turbo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dis« 
turb,  throw  into  confusion,  route, 
embarrass. 

Per-ufdh,  e.     Very  useful. 

Per-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
reach,  come  to. 

Perverse,  adv.     Perversely,  wrongly. 

Pes,  pedis,  m.     Foot. 

Peto,  ere,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  seek, 
ask  ;  aim  at ;  attack. 

Phaethon,  ontis,  m.  Phaethon,  fa- 
bled son  of  Helios  the  sun,  (71). 

Phalerae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Trappings, 
ornaments  for  horses. 

Phalerum,    i,    n.      Phalerum,   the 

%  oldest  harbor  of  Athens  ;  often 
called  Phalericus  portus. 

Pharnaces,  is,  m.  Pharnaces,  son 
of  Mithridates,  (205). 

Pharscdus,  i,  f.  Pharsalus,  a  city  in 
Thessaly,  where  Pompey  was  de- 
feated by  Caesar,  (210).  The  dis- 
trict was  called  Pharsalia. 

Philippi,  drum,  m.  pi.  Philippi,  a 
city  in  Macedonia,  (213). 

Philippus,  i,  m.  Philip,  the  name 
of  several  Macedonian  kings,  the 


POMPEIANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


189 


most  celebrated  of  whom  was  the 

father  of    Alexander  the  Great, 

(140,  230). 

Philosophic,  ae,  f.     Philosophy. 
Philosophus,  i,  m.     Philosopher. 
Phyle,  es,  f.    Phyle,  a  castle  in  At- 
tica, (228). 
Picenum,  i,  n.     Picenum,  a  district 

in  the  eastern  part  of  Italy. 
Piclnw,  a,  um,  (Picenum).     Of  or 

belonging    to    Picenum,    Picene, 

(23,  19). 
Pietas,   dtis,    f.      Dutiful    conduct, 

sense  of  duty ;  affection  ;  loyalty ; 

piety. 
Piget,  ere,  piguit  or  pigltum  est,  im- 

pers.     It  irks,  grieves,  displeases. 

299. 
Pingo,  ere,  pinx'i,  pictum.    To  paint, 

depict. 
Piraeus,   or  Piraeeus,   i,  m.      The 

Piraeus,   the  celebrated  port  of 

Athens,  (228). 
Pirdta,  ae,  m.     Pirate. 
Piscis,  is,  m.     A  fish. 
Pius,    i,    m.      See  Metellus  Pius, 

(138). 
Placeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  please,  be 

pleasing  to ;  be  determined. 
Placldus,   a,  um,   (placeo).     Quiet, 

gentle. 
Placo,   are,  avi,  atum.      To   quiet, 

soothe,  calm,  appease. 
Plancus,  i,  m.     Plancus,  a  Roman 

name,  (42,  9). 
Plataeae,   drum,   f.   pi.     Plataea,  a 

city  in  Boeotia,  (221). 
Platacenses,   ium,  m.  pi.     The  Pla- 

taeans,  the  inhabitants  of  Plataea, 

(216). 
Plato,  dnis,  m.     Plato,  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  Grecian  philoso- 


phers, disciple  of  Socrates,  and  in- 
structor of  Aristotle,  (81). 

Plebs,  bis,  f.  Common  people, 
people. 

Plenus,  a,  um.  Full,  possessed  of, 
rich  in. 

Plerumque,  adv.  (plerusque).  Com- 
monly, generally  frequently. 

Plerusque,  ague,  umque.  Most, 
many. 

Plurimus.     See  Multus. 

Plus,  adv.     More. 

Pitts,  uris,  n.  adj.  More,  pi.  many, 
several.  See  Multus. 

Poculum,  i,  n.     Cup. 

Poema,  atis,  n.     Poem. 

Poena,  ae,  f.     Punishment. 

Poenus,  i,  m.    A  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Poeta,  ae,  m.     Poet. 

Polliceor,  eri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To 
promise,  offer. 

Pollux,  ucis,  m.  Pollux,  a  cele- 
brated pugilist,  brother  of  Castor, 
(63,  9).  According  to  some  au- 
thorities, he  was  the  son  of  Tyn> 
darus,  but  according  to  others, 
he  was  the  son  of  Jupiter.  See 
Castor. 

Polycrates,  is,  m.  Polycrates,  a  ce- 
lebrated tyrant  of  Samos,  (24, 12). 

Pompa,  ae,  f.  Pomp,  public  proces- 
sion, procession. 

Pompeius,  ii,  m.  Pompey,  the  name 
of  a  Roman  gens.  Cnaeus  Pom-, 
peius,  a  Roman  consul  and  a  dis- 
tinguished commander,  defeated 
by  Caesar  at  Pharsalia,  (205). 
Quintus  Pompeius,  also  consul  and 
commander,  defeated  in  several 
engagements  by  the  Numantines, 
(201). 
i  Pompeianus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Pompeius). 


190 


LATIN  READER. 


[POMPILIDS 


Pompeian,  of  or  belonging  to  Pom- 
pey,  (211). 

Pompilius,  ii,  m.     See  Nwna. 

Pondus,  eris,  n.     Weight. 

Pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To  place, 
build,  pitch. 

POMS,  Pontis,  m.     Bridge. 

Pontius,  ii,  m.  Pontius,  a  Roman 
name.  Pontius  Theleslnus,  a  gen- 
eral of  the  Samnites,  who  con- 
quered the  Romans  at  the  Caudine 
Forks,  (179). 

Pontus, i,  m.  Pontus,  a  province  in 
Asia  Minor,  south  of  the  Black 
Sea,  (202). 

Populatio,  onis,  f.  (populo).  Pillag- 
ing, booty ;  people,  population. 

Populo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (populus). 
To  depopulate,  devastate,  pillage ; 
popular,  dep.^populo. 

Populus,  i,  m.  People,  nation, 
tribe. 

Porrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rectum.  To  ex- 
tend, stretch. 

Porsena,  ae,  m.  Porsena,  a  king  of 
Etruria  in  Italy,  (171). 

Porta,  ae,  f.     Gate. 

Portendo,  ere,  tendi,  tentum.  To 
portend. 

Portio,  onis,  f.     Portion,  share. 

Porlus,  us,  m.     Port,  harbor. 

Posco,  ere,  poposci.  To  demand, 
ask. 

Possessio,  onis,  f.  (possideo).  Pos- 
session. 

Possideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum.  To  pos- 
sess. 

Possum,  posse,  potui,  irreg.  To  be 
able.  289. 

Post,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Af- 
terwards, after,  behind,  since. 

Post-ea,  adv.     Afterwards. 


Posteritas,  dtis,  f.  (posterus).  Pos- 
terity. 

Posterus,  a,  um ;  comp.  posterior, 
superl.  postremus,  postamus.  Fol- 
lowing, ensuing ;  posteri,  pos- 
terity, descendants ;  postremo,  ad 
postremum,  at  last.  163,  3. 

Post-fero,  ferre.  To  place  after, 
esteem  less ;  sacrifice. 

Post-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
put  after,  esteem  less,  postpone ; 
disregard,  neglect. 

Post-quam,  or  post  quam,  conj.  Af- 
ter, after  that. 

Postremo,  adv.  (postremus).  At  lastv 
finally. 

Postremus,  a,  um.  The  last ;  ad 
postremum,  at  last,  finally.  See 
posterus. 

Postridie,  adv.  On  the  following  day. 

Postulo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  demand. 

Postumius,  ii,  m.  Postumius,  the 
name  of  a  Roman  gens  or  clan. 
Aulus  Postumius,  a  Roman  in 
whose  consulship  the  first  Punic 
war  was  brought  to  a  close,  (89, 
188).  Spurius  Postumius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  the  Sam- 
nites at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Potens,  entis,  (possum).  Able,  pow- 
erful. 

Potentla,  ae,  f.  Might,  force,  power, 
ability. 

Potestas,  dtis,  f.  (potens).     Power. 

Potior,  potlri,  potltus  sum,  dep.  To 
obtain,  get  possession  of. 

Poiis,  e,  comp.  potior,  superl.  potis- 
simus.  Able,  capable,  possible. 

Potius,  potissime,  adv.  (potis) ;  po- 
sitive not  used.  Rather  than. 

Prae,  prep,  with  abl.  Before,  for, 
on  account  of,  in  comparison  with. 


PUAETERVEHOKJ       LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULABY. 


191 


Praeheo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  show, 
furnish. 

Prat-cedo,  tfre,  cessi,  cessum.  To  pre- 
cede, surpass,  outstrip. 

Praeceptor,  oris,  m.  (praecipio).  Pre- 
ceptor, commander,  teacher. 

Praeceptum,  i,  n.  (praecipio).  Max- 
im, rule,  precept. 

Praecipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum  (prae, 
capio).  To  admonish,  advise, 
order. 

Praecipitium,  ii,  n.     Precipice. 

Praeciplto,  are,  am,  atum.  To 
throw  down,  precipitate. 

Praecipuus,  a,  urn.  Remarkable, 
prominent,  special. 

Praecldre,  tits,  issime,  adv.  (precla- 
rus).  Excellently,  nobly. 

Prae-darus,  a,  urn.  Excellent,  no- 
ble, distinguished,  illustrious. 

Praedudo,  ere,  clusi,  dusum,  (prae, 
claudo).  To  hinder,  preclude, 
cut  off. 

Praeco,  onis,  m.     Herald,  crier. 

Praeda,  ae,  f.     Prey,  booty. 

Prae-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  pre- 
dict, forewarn. 

Praedictum,  i,  n.  (praedico).  Predic- 
tion, warning. 

Praeditus,  a,  urn.  Endued  with, 
possessed  of. 

Praedor,  ari,  atus  sum,  (praeda). 
To  plunder. 

,Prae-fari,  defective.  To  predict, 
prophesy;  say.  297,  II.  3. 

Praefectus,  i,  m.  Commander,  pre- 
fect. 

Prae-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  pre- 
fer, choose ;  carry  or  bear  before. 

Praeficio,  ere,  fed,  fedum,  (prae, 
facio).  To  place  over,  put  in 
command. 


Prae-lego,  ere,  fegi,  lectum.  To  read 
to  another,  to  read  aloud,  to 
lecture. 

Prae-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  forward,  send  in  advance. 

Praemium,  ii,  n.   Reward,  premium. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.  Praeneste,  a  town 
in  Latium,  (182). 

Prae-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
place  over,  intrust  with. 

Praesens,  entis.  Present ;  praesentia, 
orum,  n.  pi.  present  things,  the 
present. 

Praesentia,  ae,  f.  (praesens).  Pres- 
ence. 

Praeses,  idis,  adj.  Presiding,  ruling, 
chief;  subs,  head,  chief,  ruler, 
governor. 

Praesidium,  ii,  n.     Guard,  garrison. 

Pracstabilis,  e.  Preeminent,  distin- 
guished, excellent. 

Praestans,  antis,  (praesto).  Excel- 
lent, eminent. 

Praestantia,  ae,  f.  Superiority,  pre- 
eminence. 

Praesto,  are,  stiti,  itum,  (prae,  sto). 
To  surpass,  be  superior  to;  fur- 
nish, do,  pay,  render  (as  service) ; 
evince,  show,  give. 

Prae-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  preside 
over,  command. 

Prae-tendo,  ere,  tendi,  tentum.  To 
pretend,  allege. 

Praeter,  prep,  with  ace.  Except, 
besides. 

Praeter-ea,  adv.     Besides,  moreover. 

Praeter-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
pass  by,  omit.  295. 

Praeteritus,  a,  um,  (praetereo).  Gone 
by,  past ;  praeterita,  drum,  n.  pL 
the  past. 

Praeter-vchor,  v$hi,  vectus  sum,  dep. 


192 


LATIN   READER. 


[PRAETORIUS 


To  be  borne  over  or  by  ;  to  drive 

or  sail  by ;  to  pass  by. 
Praetorius,  a,  um,  (praetor).     Prae- 
torian, belonging  to  a  praetor  or 

general ;  praetorius,  subs,  one  who 

has  been  praetor. 
Prae-video,   ere,    vidi,   vlsum.      To 

foresee. 

Pratum,  i,  n.  Meadow,  pasture. 
Pravus,  a,  um.  Depraved,  bad. 
Preces,  um,  f.  pi.  dot.  ace.  and  abl. 

sing,   also    occur.      Prayers,    en- 
treaties. 
Precor,  ari,  dtus  sum.     To  beseech, 

pray. 
Premo,   &re,  pressi,   pressum.      To 

press,  urge. 

Pretium,  ii,  n.     Price,  worth. 
Pridie,  adv.     On  the  day  before. 
Primo,  primum,  adv.  (primus).     At 

first,  first ;  quam  primum,  as  soon 

as  possible. 
Primus,  a,  um,  superl.  (prior).  First. 

166. 
Princeps,   ipis,  m.      Prince,  ruler ; 

chief  man. 
Prindpalus,   us,    m.      Sovereignty, 

imperial  power. 
Principium,  ii,  n.     Beginning. 
Prior,  us.     Former,  previous.     166. 
Priscus,  i,  m.     Priscua,  the  surname 

of  Lucius    Tarquinius,   the   fifth 

king  of  Rome,  (162). 
Pristmus,  a,  um.    Ancient,  pristine. 
Prius,  adv.     Before,  first;    prius- 

quam  or  priu*  quam,  before  that, 

before. 
Privdtus,  a,  um.     Private,  personal, 

subs,  a  private  citizen. 
Pro,  prep,   with  abl.       Before,   in 

front  of;  for,  in  behalf  of,  instead 

of,  as :  pro  hoste,  as  an  enemy. 


Probatio,     onis,     f.       Approbation, 

proof. 
Probatus,   a,  um,  (probo).      Tried, 

tested,  proved,  approved. 
Probitas,  atis,  f.  (probus).     Honesty, 

probity,  integrity. 
Probo,  are,  dm,  alum,  (probus).    To 

prove,  show ;  approve. 
Probus,  a,  um.     Upright,  honest. 
Procas,   ae,  m.     Procas,   a  Roman 

name.    Silvius  Procas,  a  king  of 

Alba,  (151). 
Pro-cedo,  £re,  cessi,  cesswm.    To  step 

forth,  to  advance,  proceed,  come 

on,  succeed. 
Procillus,  i,  m.    Procillus,  a  young 

man  sent  by  Caesar  to  Ariovistus, 

(52). 
Pro-cldmo,  are,  am,  atum.     To  cry 

out,  proclaim. 
Pro-consul,  ulis,  m.     Proconsul,  one 

with  the  authority  of  consul. 
Procul,   adv.      At  a  distance,   far 

off. 
Pro-euro,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  attend 

to,  have  the  care  of. 
Pro-curro,   ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur 

sum.     To  run  forth,  project. 
Proditio,  onis,  f.  (prodo).     Treach- 
ery, treason. 

Proditor,  oris,  m.  (prodo).    Traitor. 
Pro-do,  ere,  dldi,  ditum.  To  disclose, 

betray. 
Pro-duco,   ere,   duxi,   ductum.      To 

lead  forth,  produce. 
Proelium,  ii,  n.     Battle,  conflict. 
Profecto,  adv.     Indeed,  truly. 
Proficiscor,  projicisci,  profectus  sum. 

To  depart,  set  out,  go. 
Profllgo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (pro,  fl?goX 

To  overthrow,  ruin. 
Pro-fundo,  ere,  fiidi,  fusum.      To 


PUBLICS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


193 


pour    out,   spend ;    throw   away,  ] 
lavish,  dissipate. 

Progredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(pro,  gradior).  To  proceed,  ad- 
vance. 

Prohibeo,  ere,  ui,  itum,  (pro,  habeo). 
To  prohibit,  prevent. 

Promissus,  a,  um,  (promitto).  Grow- 
ing long,  long. 

Pro-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  forth,  promise. 

Promontorium,  ii,  n.      Promontory. 

Promptus,  a,  urn.     Prompt,  ready. 

Pro-nuntio,  are,  avi,  dtum.    To  pub- 
lish, proclaim,  announce;  recite, 
declaim ;  act,  tell,  narrate. 

Propdgo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  prop- 
agate ;  prolong. 

Prope,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Near,  nearly,  near  to,  close  by, 
near. 

Propero,  are,  avi,  dtum.    To  hasten. 

Propior,  ius.     Nearer.     See  166. 

Propius,  adv.     Nearer. 

Pro-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
set  forth,  state,  propose. 

Proprius,  a,  um.  Peculiar,  proper, 
one's  own,  characteristic  of. 

Propter,  prep,  with  ace.  For,  on 
account  of. 

Propter-ea,  adv.  Therefore,  on  that 
account. 

Pro-pulso,  are,  dviy  dtum.  To  repel, 
ward  off. 

Prora,  ae,  f.  Prow,  forepart  of  a 
ship. 

Prorsus,  adv.  Uninterruptedly, 
straight  on,  absolutely. 

!Pro-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
rush  or  break  forth. 

Pro-scrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
proscribe,  outlaw. 


Prosilio,  ire,  ii  or  ui,  (pro,  salio), 
To  leap  up,  spring  forth. 

Prospere,  ius,  rime,  adv.  (prosperus). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Prosptrus,  a,  um.  Favorable,  for- 
tunate, prosperous. 

Prospicto,  ire,  spexi,  spectum,  (pro, 
specie).  To  look  forward,  look, 
see;  look  out  for,  take  care  of, 
provide  for ;  discern,  descry. 

Prosterno,  ere,  stravi,  stratum,  (pro, 
sterno).  To  prostrate,  overthrow, 

Pro-sum,  prodesse,  profui.  To  pro- 
fit, avail,  be  useful. 

Protinus,  adv.  Directly,  imme- 
diately after. 

Pro-video,  ere,  vldi,  visiim.  To  pro- 
vide, be  on  one's  guard. 

Providus,  a,  um,  (provideo).  Fore- 
seeing, prudent,  cautious,  provi- 
dent. 

Provincia,  ae,  f.     Province. 

Provocatio,  onis,  f.  (provoco).  Chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Provoco,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Proximus,  a,  um.  Nearest,  next. 
166. 

Prudens,  entis.  Prudent,  wise,  learn- 
ed, skilled. 

Prudentia,  ae,  f.  (prudens).  Pru- 
dence. 

Ptolemaeus,  i,  m.  Ptolemy,  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Egypt, 
(211). 

Publicola,  ae,  m.  Publicola,  the 
surname  of  Valerius,  one  of  the 
first  consuls  at  Rome,  (169). 

Publicus,  a,  um.     Public. 

Publius,  ii,  m.  Publius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Publius  Ruiilius  Rufus, 
(139). 


194: 


LATIN   READER. 


CPUDEI 


Pudet,  ere,  puduit,  puditum  est,  im- 
pers.  It  shames ;  pudet  me,  it 
shames  me,  I  am  ashamed. 

Pudor,  oris,  m.  Regard,  respect, 
modesty,  awe,  shame. 

fuella,  ae,  f.     Girl. 

Puer,  eri,  m.     Boy. 

fuerllis,  e,  (puer).  Boyish,  youth- 
ful 

Pueritia,  ae,  f.  (puer).     Boyhood. 

Pugio,  onis,  m.     Dagger,  poniard. 

Pugna,  ae,  f.     Battle. 

Pugno,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  fight. 

Pulcher,  chra,  chrum.     Beautiful. 

PulvilluSj  i,  m.  Pulvillus.  Hora- 
tius  Pulvillus,  a  Roman  consul  in 
the  first  year  after  the  banishment 
of  Tarquin,  (170). 

Pumilio,  onis,  m.  and  f.  Dwarf, 
pigmy. 

Punicus,  a,  um,  (Poeni).  Punic, 
Carthaginian,  belonging  to  Car- 
thage or  the  Carthaginians.  (196). 

Punio,  ire,  wi,  Itum.     To  punish. 

Pupillus,  i,  m.     Pupil. 

Puppis,  is  f.  The  stern,  the  hinder 
part  of  a  ship. 

Pusillus,  a,  urn.   Small,  weak ;  little. 

Puto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  think, 
imagine,  esteem. 

Pydna,  ae,  f.  Pydna,  a  town  of 
Macedonia,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Paulus  over  Perseus, 
(198). 

Pyrenaeus,  i,  m.  The  Pyrenees,  a 
range  of  mountains  between 
France  and  Spain,  (190). 

Pyrrhm,  i,  m.  Pyrrhus,  a  king  of 
Epirus,  (183). 

Pythagoras,  ae,  m.  Pythagoras,  a 
celebrated  philosopher  of  Samos, 
(94). 


Pythia,  ae,  f.  Pythia,  the  priestess 
of  Apollo,  at  Delphi,  (217). 

Q. 

Q.  or  Qu.  An  abbreviation  of 
Quintus. 

Quadragesimus,  a,  urn,  (quadragfc 
ta).  Fortieth. 

Quadraginta,  indecl.     Forty. 

Quadriga,  ae,  f.  Chariot,  four-horse 
chariot. 

Quadringentesimus,  a,  um,  (quad- 
ringenti).  The  four  hundredth. 

Quadringenti,  ae,  a.  Four  hun- 
dred. 

Quaero  or  quaeso,  ere,  quaesivi, 
quaesitum.  To  seek,  inquire,  ask, 
implore.  Quaeritur,  impers.  It 
is  asked,  the  question  is  asked. 

Qualis,  e.  What,  what  sort ;  talis 
— qualis,  such — as. 

Quam,  adv.  and  conj.  How;  as, 
than,  after :  quam  multl,  how 
many ;  with  superl.  intensive, 
quam  maximus,  as  gieat  as  possi- 
ble. 

Quam-d'm,  adv.  How  long,  as  long 
as. 

Quam-quam,  conj.  Although, 
though. 

Quam-vis.  However,  however  much, 
though. 

Quantus,  a,  um.  How  great,  how 
much ;  tantus — quantus,  so  great 
as ;  quanto,  by  how  much,  as. 

Qua-re.    Wherefore,  whereby. 

Quartus,  a,  um.     Fourth. 

Quasi.    As  if. 

Quaterni,  ae,  a,  distributive.  Foui 
by  four,  four  at  a  time,  four  each 
174,  2. 


QUONDAM] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


195 


Quatio,    ere,   quassi,    quassum.     To 

shake. 
Quatriduum,  i,  n.  (quattuor,  dies). 

Space  of  four  days,  four  days. 
Quattuor,  indecl.     Four. 
Quattuordecim,     indecl.    (quattuor, 

decem).  Fourteen. 
Que,  appended  to  another  word. 

And.     554, 1.  3. 

Quem-ad-m,odum,  adv.  In  what  man- 
ner, how,  as. 

Querela,  ae,  f.  (queror).     Complaint. 
Queror,  queri,  questus  sum,  dep.  To 

complain. 
Qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  and  interrog. 

Who,  which,  what. 
Quiet,  conj.  Because. 
Quicunque  (or  cumque)  quaecun- 

que,      quodcunque.         Whoever, 

whatever. 
Quidam,    quaedam,     quoddam     or 

quiddam.     A  certain  one,  certain. 
Quidem.     Indeed. 
Quies,  etis,  f.     Rest,  quiet. 
Quiesco,  ere,  quievi,  quietum,  (quies). 

To  rest,  repose,  keep  quiet. 
Quietus,  a,  um,  (quiesco).     Quiet,  at 

rest. 
Qui-libet,  quaelibet,  quodllbet,  indef. 

pron.     Any  one,  any. 
Quin.     That  not,  but  that,  that. 
Quinctius,  ii,  m.     Quinctius.     Titus 

Quinctius,   a  Roman  general    at 

the  time  the  city  was  threatened 

by  the  Gauls,  321   B.   C.   (177). 

Titus  Quinctius  Flaminius  gained 

the     victory    at    Cynoscephalae, 

(197). 

Quindecim,  indecl.     Fifteen. 
Quingentesimus,  a,  um,  (quingenti). 

The  five  hundreth. 
Quingenti,  ae,  a.     Five  hundred. 


Quinquageslmus,   a,  um,  (quinqua- 

ginta).     Fiftieth. 
Quinquaginta,  indecl.     Fifty. 
Quinque,  indecl.     Five. 
Quinquennium,  ii,    n.     Five  years, 

space  of  five  years. 
Quintus,  a,  um.     Fifth. 
Quintus,  i,  m.     Quintus,  a  commot 

Roman  name;  as,    Quintus  MI& 

cius  Scaevola,  (172). 
Quippe,  conj.  Indeed. 
Quis,  quae,  quid?  interrog.  pron. 

Who,  which,  what  ? 
Quis,  quae,  quid,  indef.  pron.  Somo 

one,  any  one.     190,  1. 
Quisnam     or     quinam,    quaenam, 

quodnam    or    quidnam.       Who, 

which,  what. 
Quispiam,     quaepiam,      quodpiam, 

and  subs,  quidpiam  or  quippiam, 

indef.     pron.       Any     one,    any 

body,  any ;  some  one,  some  thing, 

some. 
Quis-quam,  quaequam,  quidquamor 

quicquam.     Any,  any  one. 
Quis-que,  quaeque,  quodque  or  quid- 

que.    Every,  every  one,  whoever, 

whatever;  with  superL,  intensive, 

primo    quoque    tempore,    on  the 

very  first  opportunity. 
Quis-quis,    quaequae,    quidquid   or 

guicquid.     Whoever,  whatever. 
Quo.    Where,  whither,  that,  in  or- 
der that ;  quo  valet,  what  it  means. 
Quo-ad.     Till,  until,  as  long  as,  as 

far  as. 

Quod,  conj.     That,  because. 
Quominus,  (quo,  minus).    That  nots 

from. 
Quomodo,  adv.  (quo,  modo).     How, 

by  what  means. 
Quondam,  adv.     Formerly. 


196 


LATIN   READER. 


[Quoous 


Quoque.     Also,  too. 

Quot,  adj.  pi.  indec.     How  many,  as 

many,  as ;  all. 

Quot-annis.     Every  year,  yearly. 
Quotidie.     Daily,  every  day. 
Quotus,  a,  urn.     Of  what  number, 

how  many  ;  what,  often  applied  to 

the  hour  of  the  day. 
Quum     or    cum.       When,    since  ; 

though  ;   quum — turn,  not  only — 

but  also,  both — and ;  rarely  either 

— or. 

R. 

Rabies,  ei,  f.     Madness,  rage. 

Radix,  ids,  f.  Root,  foot,  base,  as 
of  a  mountain. 

Ramus,  i,  m.     Branch. 

Raplna,  ae,  f.     Rapine,  plunder. 

Rapio,  ere,  rapui,  raptum.  To  rob, 
carry  off. 

Raptor,  oris,  m.  (rapio).  Robber, 
plunderer. 

Raro,  adv.  (rarus).     Rarely,  seldom. 

Rarus,  a,  um.     Rare,  uncommon. 

Ratio,  onis,  f.  A  calculating,  think- 
ing ;  reason,  understanding ;  plan, 
method,  kind. 

Ratis,  is,  f.     Raft. 

Re-bello,  are,  am,  atum.     To  rebel. 

Re-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  with- 
draw, recede,  retire. 

Jtecew,  entis.  Recent,  fresh,  young, 
new. 

ftedpio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (re,  capio). 
To  receive,  recover,  resume;  se 
redpere,  to  betake  one's  self, 
withdraw. 

fcecito,  are,  am,  atum,  (re,  cito). 
To  repeat,  recite. 

Recognosco,  ere,  novi,  nitum,  (re, 
cognosce).  To  recognize. 


Recordatio,  onis,  f.  (recorder).  Re- 
collection, remembrance. 

Recordor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
recollect. 

Recte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (rectus). 
Rightly. 

Rector,  oris,  m.  (rego).  Director 
ruler. 

Rectum,  i,  n.  (rectus).     Right. 

Rectus,  a,  um,  (rego).  Straight, 
right,  correct. 

Recupero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  re- 
gain. 

Red-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  re- 
store, return  ;  make  ;  render,  re- 
peat, recite,  give  up,  resign ;  as- 
sign. 

Red-eo,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  go 
back,  return.  295. 

Redigo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (red,  ago). 
To  force,  reduce,  compel. 

Redimo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (red, 
emo),  To  ransom. 

Redltus,  us,  m.  (redeo).  Return, 
revenue. 

Re-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
back,  reduce. 

Red-undo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  over- 
flow ;  to  abound. 

Re-fercio,  ire,  fersi,  fertum,  (re,  far- 
cio).  To  fill,  stuff,  cram. 

Re-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum,  (re- 
fero).  To  bring  back,  requite, 
return,  render,  place  among,  re- 
fer ;  refert,  imps,  it  concerns, 
matters. 

Refertus,  a,  um,  part,  (refercio). 
Filled. 

Reficio,  %re,  fed,  fectum.,  (re,  facio^ 
To  repair,  restore ;  recover. 

Rffluo,  ere,  fluxi,  fluxum,  (re,  fluo)« 
To  flow  back. 


RESPONDED] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


197 


Re-fugio,  $re,fugi,  fugitum.  Tore- 
treat. 

Reglna,  ae,  f.     Queen. 

Regio,  onis,  f.     Region,  country. 

Regius,  a,  um,  (rex).     Royal. 

Regno,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (regnum). 
To  reign,  rule. 

Megnum,  i,  n.  (rex).  Kingdom, 
sovereignty,  government. 

Rego,  ere,  rexi,  rectum.  To  direct, 
rule,  manage. 

Regredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(re,  gradior).  To  return. 

Regula,  ae,  f.  (rego).  Rule,  pattern, 
model. 

Regulus,  i,  m.  Regulus.  Marcus 
Atilius  Regulus,  a  distinguished 
Roman  consul  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Carthaginians  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (186). 

.Religio,  onis,  f.  Religion,  obligation. 

Re-linquo,  8re,  llqui,  lictum.  To 
leave,  desert. 

Reliquiae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Remnant, 
those  who  escaped. 

Reliquus,  a,  um.  The  rest,  remain- 
ing, the  other.  Reliquum  est,  it  is 
left,  it  remains. 

Re-maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Remedium,  ii,  n.     Remedy. 

Reminiscor,  ci,  dep.  To  remem- 
ber. 

Re-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  back. 

jRe-moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
take  away,  remove. 

Remus,  i,  m.     Oar. 

Remus,  i,  m.  Remus,  the  brother 
of  Romulus,  (152). 

Penovo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (re,  novo). 
To  renew. 


Re-nuntio,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  re- 
port, announce. 

Reparo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (re,  paro), 
To  renew,  repair. 

Re-pello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum.  To  ro- 
pel,  drive  back. 

Repente,  adv.     Suddenly. 

Repentlnus,  a,  wm.  Unexpected^ 
sudden. 

Reperio,  ire,  peri,  pertum,  (re,  pa- 
rio).  To  find. 

Re-pleo,  ere,  evi,  etum.  To  fill,  fill 
again. 

Re-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To  re- 
place, restore,  lay  up. 

Re-porto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  gain, 
bear  off. 

Reprehendo,  ere,  prehendi,  prehen* 
sum,  (re,  prehendo).  To  blame, 
censure. 

Repudio,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  reject, 
divorce. 

Re-pugno,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  resist. 

Re-quiro,  ere,  quislvi  orii,  quisltum 
(re,  quaero).  To  seek,  demand, 
require. 

Res,  rei,  f.  Thing;  affair;  state; 
deed,  reality,  battle;  res  gestae, 
exploits  ;  res  publica,  republic. 

Re-scrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
write  back,  reply  in  writing. 

Resideo,  ere,  sedi,  (re,  sedeo).  To 
sit,  remain,  sit  down. 

Resisto,  ere,  stiti,  stttum.  To  op- 
pose, resist. 

Respectus,  us,  m.  (respicio).  Respect^ 
regard. 

Respicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (re,  spe 
cio).  To  look  back ;  regard,  re- 
spect. 

Re-spondeo,  ere,  spondi,  sponsum. 
To  reply. 


198 


LATIN   READER 


[RESPONSE 


Responsum,  i.  n.  (respondeo).  An- 
swer, response. 

Respublica,  rei  publicae,  or  respub- 
lica,  reipublicae,  f.  Republic. 
126. 

Re-spuo,  ere,  spui.  To  cast  out,  eject ; 
reject,  refuse,  dislike. 

Restituo,  ere,  stitui,  stitutum,  (re, 
statuo).  To  restore. 

Re-tardo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  detain, 
retard,  check. 

Retineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (re, 
teneo).  To  retain. 

Reus,  i,  m.     Criminal,  defendant. 

Reverentia,  ae,  f.     Reverence. 

Re-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum  ;  rever- 
tor,  dep.  To  come  back,  return. 

Re-voco,  are,  dvi,  atum.     To  recall. 

Rex,  regis,  m.     King. 

Rhea,  ae,  f.  Rhea.  Rhea  Silvia, 
the  daughter  of  Numitor  and  the 
mother  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(152). 

Rhenus,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhine, 
(208). 

Rhodanus,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhone, 
in  Gaul,  (208). 

Rhodius,  a,  um,  (Rhodes,  the  island 
of  Rhodes).  Rhodian,  of  or  be- 
longing to  Rhodes.  Rhodius,  ii, 
m.  A  Rhodian,  (143). 

Rideo,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  laugh,  to 
laugh  at. 

Ripa,  ae,  f.     Bank,  a..-'  of  a  river. 

Rite,  adv.     Rightly,  hi  due  form. 

Robur,  oris,  n.     Strength. 

fiobustus,  a,  um,  (robur).  Robust, 
strong. 

Jiogatio,  onis,  f.  (rogo).  An  asking, 
question ;  entreaty,  request. 

ftogo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  ask,  ques- 
tion. 


Roma,  a<t,  F.    Rome,  (27). 

Romanus,  a.t  um,  adj.  (Roma).  Ro- 
man ;  subs.  Romanus,  i,  m.  a  Ro 
man,  (26). 

Romulus,  i,  m.  Romulus,  the  foun- 
der of  Rome,  (154). 

Roscius,  ii,  m.  Roscius-,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Roscius,  a  cele- 
brated tribune  of  the  people  and 
friend  of  Cicero,  (51). 

Rotundus,  a,  um.  Round,  sphe- 
rical. 

Rufus,  i,  m.  Rufus,  a  Roman  sur- 
name ;  as,  Publius  Rutllius  Rufus, 
(139). 

Rulna,  ae,  f.     Ruin,  fall. 

Rulllanus,  i.  m.  Rullianus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Quinius  Fabius  JRul- 
lianus,  master  of  the  cavalry  (ma- 
gister  equitum)  under  the  dicta- 
tor Papirius  Cursor,  (178). 

Rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
brean. 

Ruo,  ere,  rui,  rtiitum  or  rulum.  To 
run,  rush  forth. 

Rupes,  is,  f.     Rock,  cliff. 
I  Rursus  (or  um),  adv.     Back,  again. 
j  Rus,  ruris,  n.     Country,  as  opposed 
to  city. 

Rusticus,  i,  m.  Countryman,  farm- 
er, peasant,  husbandman. 

Rutilius,  ii,  m.  Rutilius,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus, 
a  Roman  consul,  slain  in  the  So- 
cial war,  (139). 

S. 

S.    An  abbreviation  for  Sextus,  ftp 

for  Spurius. 
Sabiniy  drum,  m.  pi.    The  Sabines,  a 

people   of  Italy,  bordering   upon 

Latium,  (157). 


SCIENTIA] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


199 


Sacer,  sacra,  sacrum.   Sacred. 

Sacerdos,  otis,  m.  and  f.  (sacer). 
Priest,  priestess. 

Sacrificium,  ii,  n.     Sacrifice. 

Sacro,  are,  avi,  atumt  (sacer).  To 
consecrate. 

Sacrum,  i,  n.  Sacred  rite  or  insti- 
tution; sacrifice. 

Saepe,  ius,  isslme,  adv.     Often. 

Saevio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  rage, 
be  cruel. 

Sagacitas,  atis,  f.  Sagacity,  acute- 
ness,  shrewdness. 

Sagax,  dcis.    Acute,  sagacious. 

Sagitta,  ae,  f.     Arrow. 

Saguntum,  i,  n.  Saguntum,  a  town 
in  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
(189). 

Saguntlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sa- 
guntines,  citizens  of  Saguntum, 
(189). 

Salamis,  is  or  mis,  f.  (ace.  Salami- 
na),  or  Salamma,  ae,  f.  The 
island  of  Salamis,  off  the  coast  of 
Attica,  (217). 

jSalubcr,  bris,  bre,  (salus).  Health- 
ful, salubrious. 

Salus,  ulis,  f.  Safety;  Salus  per- 
sonified, the  Roman  goddess,  Sa- 
lus, (20,  7). 

Salutaris,  e,  (salus).  Healthful, 
wholesome. 

Saliito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (salus).  To 
salute. 

Salve,  def.  verb.  Hail.  See  297,  III.  1. 

Salvus,  a,  urn.     Safe,  unhurt. 

Sammies,  ium,  m.  pi.  The  Sam- 
nites,  the  inhabitants  of  Samnium, 
in  Italy,  (178). 

Samus  or  Samos,  i,  f.  The  island 
Sam  os,  on  the  coast  of  Asia 

Minor. 

14 


Sancle,  ius,  issime,  (sanctus,  sacred, 
pttre),  adv.  Chastely,  purely, 
conscientiously. 

Sanguis,  mis,  m.     Blood. 

Sannio,  onis,  m.  Sannio,  a  proper 
name,  (35). 

Sapiens,  entis.  Wise  ;  subs,  a  wise 
man. 

Sapienter.,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (sapiens). 
Wisely. 

Sapientia,  ae,  f.  (sapiens).    Wisdom. 

Sapio,  ere,  ivi  or  ul.  To  taste ;  to 
have  sense,  to  know,  understand, 
be  wise. 

Sardes,  ium,  f.  Sardis,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Lydia. 

Sardinia,  ae,  f.  The  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, west  of  Italy,  (188). 

Satelles,  itis,  m.  and  f.  Lifeguard, 
attendant. 

Satio,  are,  avi,  dium.  To  fill,  sa- 
tisfy, content. 

Satis,  adv.,  adj.,  subs.  Enough,  suf- 
ficient, sufficiently;  satis  habere, 
to  have  enough,  be  content. 

Saturnia,  ae,  f.  Saturnia,  the  town 
and  citadel  built  by  Saturn,  (148). 

Saturnus,  i,  m.  Saturn,  the  most 
ancient  king  of  Latium,  (148). 

Saucius,  a,  um.  Wounded,  injured, 
hurt,  sick,  intoxicated. 

Saxum,  i,  n.     Rock,  stone. 

Scaevola,  ae,  m.     See  Mucius,  (172)« 

Scelestus,  a,  um,  (scelus).  Wicked, 
criminal,  infamous. 

Scelus,  cris,  n.      Crime,  wickedness, 

Scena,  ae,  f.     Scene,  stage. 

Schola,  ae,  f.  Leisure  devoted  tc 
learning ;  a  place  of  learning,  a 
school ;  a  lecture,  dissertation. 

Scientia,  ae,  f.  (scio).  Knowledge^ 
science,  skill,  expertness. 


200 


LATIN   KEADER. 


[Scio 


(Sao,  sclre,  scivi,  sdtum..      To  know, 

understand,  have  knowledge. 
Scipio,  onis,  m.     Scipio,  the  name 

of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 

See  Africanus,  (190). 
Scriba,   ae,    m.    (scribo).       Scribe, 

clerk, 
fficribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scripium.      To 

write,  prepare. 
Scutum,  i,  n.     Shield. 
Scythia,  ae,  f.     Scythia,  an  extensive 

country  in  the  north  of  Europe 

and  Asia,  (215). 
Scythae,  arum,  m.  pi.     The  Scythi- 

sns,  (215). 
Se-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.    To  retire, 

withdraw. 
Secundum,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 

After,  behind,  next  to  ;  according 

to,  by  the  side  of,  along. 
Secundus,  a,  um.    Second,  favorable, 

prosperous. 
Sed,  conj.     But. 

Sedecim,  indec.  (sex,  decem).    Six- 
teen. 

Sedeo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum.   To  sit,  stay. 
Sedes,  is,  f.     Seat,  abode,  residence. 
Seditio,  onis,  f.     Quarrel,  sedition. 
Seditiosus,  a,  um,  (seditio).     Muti- 
nous, seditious. 

Sedo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  allay,  quiet. 
Segnis,  e.     Slothful,  inactive. 
Segniter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (segnis). 

Sbthfully. 
jSeleucia,  ae,  f.      Seleucia,  a  city  of 

Syria  on  the  Orontes,  (206). 
Semel,  adv.     Once. 
Sementis,  is,  f.     Seed  ;  sowing. 
Semianimis,  e.  Half-alive,  half-dead. 
Semper,  adv.     Always,  ever. 
Sempitern-as,  a,  um,  (semper).  Ever- 
lasting, imperishable. 


Sempronius,  ii,  m.     See  Gracchus, 

(190). 

Senator,  oris,  m.  (senex).    Senator. 
Senatus,  us,  m.  (senex).     Senate. 
Senectus,  utis,  f.  (senex).  Old  age,  aga 
Senesco,  ere,  senui.      To  grow  old, 

become  aged ;  se?iescens,  entis,  ba« 

coming  old,  aged. 
Senex,  senis.     Old,  aged.     168,  4. 
Senex,  senis,  m.  and  f.     An  old  man, 

an  aged  person. 
Senones,  um,  m.  pi.     The  Senones,  a 

powerful  people  in  Gaul,  (176). 
Sensim,     adv.   (sentio).      Sensibly; 

slowly,  gradually,  by  degrees. 
Sensus,  us,  m.      Sensation,   sense, 

perception. 
Sententia,  ae,  f.      Opinion,  sentence, 

sentiment,  maxim,  axiom,  purpose, 

decision. 

Sentio,  Ire,  sensi,  sensum.     To  per- 
ceive,   feel,    experience ;    think, 

judge. 
Sepelio,  Ire,  pelivi  or  ii,  pultum.    To 

bury. 
Sepio,  Ire,  sepsi,  septum.     To  guard, 

shelter. 

Septem,  indecl.     Seven. 
Septimus,    a,    um,   (septem).      Se- 
venth. 
Septingentesimus,    a,    um,    (septin- 

genti).     The  seven  hundredth. 
Septingenti,  ae,  a.     Seven  hundred. 
Septuagesimus,  a,  um,  (septuaginta)o 

Seventieth. 

Septuaginta,  indecl.     Seventy. 
Sepulcrum,  i,  n.  (sepelio).     Grave 

tomb,  sepulchre. 

Sepultura,  ae,  f.  (sepelio).     Burial. 
Sequani,  drum,  m.      The  Sequani,  a 

Gallic  people,   dwelling    on    the 

river  Sequana,  (23,  15). 


SOCIETAS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


201 


jSequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum,  dep.    To 

follow,  succeed. 

Sergius,  ii,  m.     See  Catillna,  (207). 
Sermo,  dnis,  m.     Speech,  discourse, 

conversation. 
Sero,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (serus).   Late, 

too  late. 
Serpo,    ere,    serpsi,    serptum.       To 

spread,  extend. 
Serus,  a,  um.     Late. 
Servilius,  ii,  m.     Servilius,  a  Roman 

name. 
Servio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.     To  be  a 

slave,  to  serve,  be  subject  to. 
Servitus,  utis,  f.  (servio).    Servitude, 

slavery. 
Servius,  ii,  m.     Servius,  a  Roman 

name.     Servius  Tullius,  the  sixth 

king  of  Rome,  (164). 
Servo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  observe, 

keep ;  preserve. 
Servus,  i,  m.     Slave. 
Seu.     Whether;   seu — seu,  whether 

— or. 

Sex,  indecl.     Six. 
Sexaaesimus,    «,     um,     (sexaginta). 

Sixtieth. 

Sexaginta,  indecl.     Sixty. 
Sexcentesimus,  a,  um,  (sexcenti).  Six 

hundredth. 

Sexcenti,  ae,  a.     Six  hundred. 
Sextus,  a,  um,  (sex).     Sixth. 
Si,  conj.     If. 
Sic,  adv.     Thus,  so. 
Siccus,  a,  um.     Dry. 
Sicilia,  ae,  f.      The  island  of  Sicily, 

(185).  ^ 
Sidus,  eris,  n.     A  group  of  stars,  a 

constellation. 
Signiflco,   are,  dvi,  dtum,  (signum, 

facio).     To  show,  indicate,  mean, 

signify. 


.,  i,  n.     Mark,  sign,  indica- 
tion, standard. 

Silentium,  ii,  n.  Silence,  stillness, 
quiet,  repose. 

Sileo,  ere,  ui.  To  be  silent,  still, 
quiet ;  to  pass  over  hi  silence,  not 
to  speak  of. 

Silvia,  ae,  f.     See  Rhca,  (152). 

Silvius,  ii,  m.  Silvius,  the  name  of 
several  kings  of  Alba,  the  first  of 
whom  was  the  son  of  Aeneas, 
(150,  151). 

Similis,  e.     Similar,  like.     163,  2. 

Similiter,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (similis). 
In  like  manner,  similarly,  hi  a 
similar  way.  306,  2. 

Simonides,  is,  m.  Simonides,  a  cele- 
brated lyric  poet  of  Cea,  (132). 

Simul,  adv.     At  the  same  time. 

Simuldtio,  dnis,  f.  An  assumed  ap- 
pearance, pretence,  simulation,  de- 
ceit, hypocrisy. 

Sin,  conj.     But  if. 

Sine,  prep,  with  abl.     Without. 

Singuldris,  e.  Single,  singular,  re- 
markable. 

Singulus,  a,  um.    Single,  one  by  one. 

Sinister,  tra,  trum.  Left,  on  the 
left. 

Sino,  ere,  sivi,  situm.  To  permit ; 
allow ;  situs,  put,  placed,  situated. 

Sinus,  us,  m.     Bosom,  bay. 

Si-quis  or  siqui,  siqua,  siquid  or  si- 
quod,  indef.  pron.  If  any,  if  any 
one. 

Sitis,  is,  f.     Thirst,  desire. 

Sobrius,  a,  um.  Sober,  temperate^ 
moderate,  reasonable. 

Socer,  eri,  m.     Father-in-law. 

Socidlis,  e,  (socius).    Social,  friendly. 

Sodetas,  dtis,  f.   (socius). 
alliance,  partnership,  society. 


202 


LATIN   READER. 


[Socius 


Socius,  ii,  m.     Ally,  confederate. 

Socrates,  is,  m.  Socrates,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  philosopher,  (20,  8). 

Sol,  soils,  m.     Sun. 

Solemnis,  e.  Stated,  established; 
religious,  solemn. 

jSolemmter,  adv.  (solemnis).  Sol- 
emnly, in  due  form. 

Soleo,  ere,  itus  sum.  To  be  accus- 
tomed, be  wont.  268,  3. 

Solidus,  a,  um.     Solid. 

Solitudo,  mis,  f.  (solus).     Solitude. 

Solitus,  a,  urn,  (soleo).     Usual. 

Sollertia,  ae,  f.  Sagacity,  shrewd- 
ness. 

Solon,  onis,  m.  Solon,  a  celebrated 
Athenian  law-giver  and  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men  of  Greece,  (128). 

Solum,  adv.  (solus).     Only,  alone. 

Solus,  a,  um.     Alone.     151. 

Solidus,  a,  um,  (solvo).  Unrestrain- 
ed, dissolute. 

Solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutum.  To  loose, 
unbind ;  to  pay. 

Somnio,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (somnium). 
To  dream. 

Somnium,  ii,  n.     Dream. 

Somnus,  i,  m.     Sleep. 

Sonitus,  us,  m.  (sono).  Sound,  noise. 

Sono,  are,  ui,  itum.  To  sound,  ut- 
ter, speak,  call,  express,  mean. 

Sonus,  i,  m.  (sono).     Sound. 

Sophocles,  is  and  i,  m.  Sophocles, 
a  celebrated  Grecian  tragic  poet, 
(55). 

Sordidus,  a,  um.  Sordid,  soiled, 
filthy,  base,  mean. 

Boror,  oris,  f.     Sister. 

Sors,  sortis,  f.     Lot. 

Sparta,  ae,  f.  Sparta,  the  capital  of 
Laconia,  in  the  Peloponnesus; 
also  called  Lacedaemon. 


Spartdnus,   a,    um,    adj.    (Sparta). 

Spartan;  subs.  Spartdnus,  i,  m., 

a  Spartan,  (222). 

Spartacus,  i,  m.     Spartacus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator  who  waged  war 

against  the  Romans,  (204). 
Spatium,  ii,  n.     Space. 
Species,  ei,  f.    Appearance,  guise. 
Spectaculum,  i,  n.  (specto).     Specto 

cle,  show. 
Specto,   are,    dvi,   atum.     To  view, 

witness.     Spectdtus,  a,  um.  Tried, 

proved,  illustrious. 
Sperno,   ere,   sprevi,  spretum.      To 

despise,  reject,   contemn,    scorn, 

spurn. 
Spero,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  expect, 

hope ;  flatter  one's  self. 
Spes,  ei,  f.    Hope. 
Spolio,  are,  avi,  atum,  (spoliuin).  To 

rob ;  spoil ;  despoil. 
Spolium,    ii,    n.       Plunder,    spoil, 

booty. 
Spontis,  gen.  sponte,  abl.  sing.     Of 

or  for  himself,  itself,  of  one's  own 

accord,  on  one's  own  account,  vo- 
luntarily, spontaneously. 
Spurius,  ii,  m.     See  Postumius  and 

Lucretius. 
Siabilitas,   dtis,    f.       Immovability, 

steadfastness,  stability. 
Stadium,  ii,  n.      A  stade  or  stadium, 

a  measure  equal  to  606  English 

feet ;  race-course,  race-ground. 
Statim,  adv.  (sto).     At  once,  imme^ 

diately. 
Statio,  onis,  f.  (sto).      Station,  post? 

residence. 

Statua,  ae,  f.  (statuo).     Statue. 
Statuo,  ere,  ui,  utum,  (status,  from 

sto).      To    determine;    appoint, 

place. 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


203 


Statura,  ae,  f.  (status,  from  sto). 
Height,  size  of  the  body,  stature. 

Status,  us,  m.  (sto).  State,  condition. 

Stella,  ae,  f.     Star. 

Sterno,  ere,  stravi,  stratum.  To 
prostrate. 

Sto,  stare,  steti,  statum.     To  stand. 

Strages,  is,  f.     Slaughter,  defeat. 

Strangulo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To 
strangle. 

Strenue,  adv.  (strenuus).  Vigor- 
ously, carefully. 

Strenuus,  a,  um.     Active,  Taliant. 

Studeo,  ere,  ui.  To  study,  favor,  be 
attached  to  ;  to  devote  one's  self 
to ;  be  zealous. 

Studiose,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (studio- 
sus).  Diligently,  earnestly. 

Studidsus,  a,  um,  (studium).  Eager, 
desirous,  zealous;  friendly,  stu- 
dious. 

Studium,  ii,  n.  Zeal,  study,  desire, 
pursuit. 

Stultitia,  ae,  f.  (stultus).  Folly,  fool- 
ishness, simplicity. 

Stultus,  a,  um.  Foolish,  simple, 
silly. 

Suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasum.  To  ad- 
vise. 

Sub,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Under, 
at  the  foot  of. 

Sub-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  take 
away,  withdraw. 

&v<bigo,  ere,  cgi,  actum,  (sub,  ago). 
To  pubdue,  conquer. 

Su.bi.to,  adv.  (subitus,  from  subeo). 
Suddenly,  unexpectedly. 

Sublime,  adv.  (subllmis).  Aloft, 
loftily,  on  high. 

Subllmis,  e.     High,  on  high. 

Sub-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
dip  or  plunge  under;  to  sink, 
J 


overwhelm,  submerge.  Pass.  To 
be  overwhelmed,  to  sink. 

Sub-rideo,  ere,  rlsi,  rlsum.  To  smile, 
laugh. 

Subsidium,  ii,  n.  The  reserve ;  aid, 
reinforcement. 

Sub-silio,  ire,  silui  and  silii,  (sub, 
salio).  To  leap  or  jump  up,  leap, 
jump. 

Sub-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  be  at  hand 
or  near,  be  under. 

Subter,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Be- 
low, beneath,  under. 

Sub-traho,  ere,  traxi,  tr actum.  To 
take  away,  remove,  subtract. 

Sub-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
come  to ;  to  aid,  relieve. 

Sub-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.  To 
overturn,  overthrow,  destroy,  sub- 
vert. 

Succedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum,  (sub, 
cedo).  To  succeed,  come  after. 

Successio,  oris,  f.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cession. 

Successor,  onis,  m.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cessor. 

Successus,  us,  m.  (succedo).  Success. 

Suc-cu,mbo,  ere,  cubui,  cubitum.  To 
yield,  submit  to. 

Suffetius,  ii,  m.  Suffetius.  Metius 
Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans. 
Having  been  summoned  to  aid 
the  Romans  against  the  Veien- 
tines,  he  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
very  moment  of  battle,  and  await- 
ed the  issue  of  the  engagement. 
For  this  perfidy  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Tullius  Hosti- 
lius  (160). 

Sufficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (sub,  fa- 
cio).  To  substitute ;  be  sufficient, 
suffice. 


204: 


LATIN   READEK. 


[SUFFUNDO 


Suffundo,  ere,   fudi,   fusum,  (sub, 

fundo).      To   spread    over,   pour 

through;  suffuse. 
Sui,  sibi.     Himself,  herself,  itself. 
Sulla,  ae,  m.     Sulla,  a  distinguished 

Roman    dictator     and     general, 

(202). 

•Sum,  esse,  fui.     To  be. 
Summa,  ae,  f.  (summus).     Supreme 

power. 
Summoveo,  ere,  movi,  motum,  (sub, 

moveo).     To  remove,  displace, 
Summus.     See  Superus. 
Sumo,    'ere,   sumpsi,   sumptum.     To 

take,  inflict. 
Sumptus,  us,  m.  (sumo).     Expense, 

cost. 
Super,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Over, 

above,  upon;  of,  concerning,  at, 

at  the  time  of. 
Superbia,  ae,  f.  (superbus).     Pride, 

haughtiness. 

Superbus,  a,  um.     Proud. 
Superbus,  i,  m.     Superbus,  the  sur- 
name of  Tarquin,  the  last  king  of 

Rome,  (167). 
Supgro,  are,   dvi,   dtum,   (supSrus). 

To   surpass ;    conquer ;   pass  by, 

cross. 

Superstitio,  onis,  f.  (supersto).     Su- 
perstition. 
Super-sum,  esse,  fui.    To  remain,  be 

left,  survive. 
(Superus,  a,  um  ;  comp.   superior ; 

superl.    supremus     or     summus. 

High,  above;  past,  former.     163, 

3. 
Super-venio,  ire,   vcni,  ventum.     To 

come  to,  surprise. 

Supplementum,  i,  n.     Supplies,  re- 
inforcement. 
Supplex,  \cis,  (sub,  plico).     Humbly 


begging,  submissive,  beseeching, 
suppliant ;  subs,  a  suppliant. 

Supplicium,  ii,  n.     Punishment. 

Supra,  prep,  with  ace.  Above, 
upon. 

Supremus.     See  Superus. 

Surripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (sub, 
rapio).  To  snatch  away ;  to  steal, 
pilfer,  purloin. 

Suscipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (sub,  oa- 
pio).  To  bear,  endure  ;  receive ; 
undertake,  engage  in. 

Suspendo,  ere,  pendi,  pensum,  (sub, 
pendo).  To  suspend,  hang  up. 

Suspensus,  a,  um,  (suspendo).  Un- 
certain, undecided;  anxious. 

Suspicio,  onis,  f.  (suspicor).  Suspi. 
cion. 

Suspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (sub, 
specio).  To  suspect. 

Suspicor,  dri,  atus  sum,  (suspicio), 
dep.  To  suspect. 

Sustento,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (sustineo). 
To  hold  up,  support,  sustain ;  en- 
dure, suffer;  delay.  336,1. 

Sustineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (sub, 
teneo).  To  sustain,  withstand; 
endure,  endure  the  thought  of. 

Suus,  a,  um.  His,  her,  its,  their; 
pi.  often,  one's  party,  friends. 

Syracusae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Syracuse,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (185). 

Syracusdni,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sy- 
racusans,  the  citizens  of  Syra- 
cuse, (223). 

T. 

T:     An  abbreviation  of  Titus. 

Tabernaculum,  i,  n.     Tent. 

Taceo,   ere,  tacui,  taciturn.     To  be 

silent,  not  to  speak,  to  pass  over 

in  silence. 


TERRITORIUM]          LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


205 


Tacitus,  a,  um.     Silent,  secret,  tacit. 

Tactus,  us,  m.     Touch. 

Taedet,  ere,  taeduit  or  taesum  est,  im- 
pers.  It  disgusts,  wearies. 

Talentum,  i,  n.  Talent,  sum  of 
money,  somewhat  more  than 
$1,000. 

Talis,  e,  such. 

Tarn.     So ;  tarn — quam,  so — as. 

Tamen,  conj.     Yet,  nevertheless. 

Tametsi,  conj.  (tamen,  etsi).  Not- 
withstanding that,  although, 
though. 

Tanaquil,  llis,  f.  Tanaquil,  the  wife 
of  Tarquinius  Priscus,  (165). 

Tandem,  adv.     At  length. 

Tanquam,  adv.     As,  just  as. 

Tantum.     Only. 

Tantus,  a,  um.  Such,  so  great,  so 
much ;  tanti  esse,  to  be  worth  the 
while. 

Tarentum,  i,  n.  Tarentum,  a  town 
of  Lower  Italy,  (184). 

Tarentlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Taren- 
tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Taren- 
tum, (180). 

Tarpeia,  ae,  f.  Tarpeia,  a  Koman 
maiden,  who  betrayed  the  citadel 
of  Rome  to  the  Sabines,  (156). 

Tarpeius,  ii,  m.  Tarpeius,  one  of 
the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  also  call- 
ed Capitollnus.  The  Capitol  was 
erected  upon  it.  Afterwards  the 
;erm  Tarpeius  was  applied  to 
the  southern  summit  of  the  hill, 
(157). 

fiii,  drum,  m.  pi.     Tarquinii, 


an  ancient  town  of  Etruria,  (49, 
10). 

^arquinius,  ii,  m.  Tarquin,  the 
name  of  the  fifth  king  of  Rome 
and  of  his  descendants,  as  Tar- 


quinius Superbus,  the  last  king 

of  Rome;  and  Tarquinius  Colla- 

tlnus,  the  colleague  of  Brutus  in 

the  consulship,  (169). 
Tectum,  i,  n.  (tego).  Covering,  roof  5 

house,  edifice. 

Tego,  ere,  texi,  tectum.     To  cover. 
Telum,  i,  n.     Weapon. 
Temere,  adv.     Rashly. 
Temeritas,  atis,  f.     Rashness,  indis- 
cretion, temerity. 
Tempestas,  dtis,  f.  (tempus).     Time  ; 

tempest,  storm. 

Tempestive,  adv.  (tempestlvus,  time- 
ly).    Seasonably,  just  at  the  time, 

opportunely. 

Templum,  i,  n.     Temple. 
Tempus,  oris,  n.     Time.     Tempora, 

times,  seasons,  events. 
Temulentus,  a,  um.     Drunk,  intoxi- 

cated. 
Teneo,  ere,  ui,    tentum.     To    hold, 

keep,  occupy ;  obtain,  retain,  as  in 

the  memory. 
Tento,  are,  avi,  atum,  (tendo).     To 

try ;  attack.  336, 1. 
Tenus,  prep,  with  abl.     Up  to,  as 

far  as. 

Terentius,  ii,  m.     See  Varro,  (191). 
Ter-gemmus,    a,    um,.       Threefold; 

tergemini,  three  brothers  born  at 

a  birth. 

Tergum,  i,  n.     Back. 
Termlno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (terminus). 

To  limit,  bound. 
Terminus,  i,  m.     Limit,  boundary; 

end. 

Terra,  ae,  f.     Earth,  land,  country. 
Terreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  terrify. 
Terrester,  iris,  tre,  (terra).     Terror 

trial,  on  land,  land  (as  adj.). 
Territorium,ii,  n.     Territory. 


206 


LATIN"   READER. 


[TERROB 


Terror  6m,  m.  (terreo).  Terror, 
alarm ;  fear  of. 

Tertius,  a,  urn.     Third. 

Testamentum,  i,  n.    Testament,  will. 

Testis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Witness. 

Tester,  ari,  atus  sum,  (testis).  To 
affirm  ;  call  to  witness. 

Testudo,  mis,  f.     Tortoise. 

Tholes,  is,  m.  Thales,  a  celebrated 
Grecian  philosopher  of  Miletus, 
one  of  the  seven  wise  men,  (114). 

Tfieatrum,  i,  n.     Theatre. 

Thebae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Thebes,  the 
capital  of  Boeotia  in  Greece,  (230). 

Thebanus,  a,  urn,  adj.  (Thebae). 
Theban,  (229);  subs.  Thebanus, 
i,  m.,  a  Theban. 

Theleslnus,  i,  m.  See  Pontius, 
(28,  10). 

Themistodes,  is,  m.  Themistocles, 
a  celebrated  Athenian  commander, 
(132—134). 

Theocritus,  i,  m.  Theocritus,  a  ce- 
lebrated Grecian  poet,  (130). 

Theophrastus,  i,  m.  Theophrastus, 
a  Grecian  philosopher,  a  disciple 
of  Plato  and  Aristotle,  (129). 

Thermopylae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Thermo- 
pylae, the  famous  defile  or  pass 
between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
where  Leonidas  fell,  (218). 

TJiessalia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thessaly,  in  Greece,  south  of  Ma- 
cedonia, (210). 

Thessalus,  a,  um,  adj.  Thessalian  ; 
subs.  Thessalus,  i,  m.,  a  Thessa- 
lian, (243). 

Thessalus,  i,  m.  Thessalus,  a  native 
of  Thesprotia,  in  Epirus,  who  is 
said  to  have  formed  a  settlement 
in  Thessaly,  and  to  have  given  his 
name  to  the  country. 


Thorax,  ads,  m.  Breastplate,  coat- 
of-mail,  corselet. 

Thracia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thrace,  east  of  Macedonia,  (231). 

Thrasybulus,  i,  m.  Thrasybulus,  an 
Athenian  who  liberated  the  city 
from  the  Thirty  Tyrants,  (13(^ 
228). 

Thucydides,  is,  m.      Thucydides, 
celebrated  Greek  historian,  (77). 

Tiber  is,  is,  m.  The  river  Tiber,  in 
Italy,  (153). 

Tiberius,  ii,  m.  Tiberius,  the  second 
Roman  emperor,  (145). 

Ticlnus,  i,  m.  Ticinus,  a  river  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Hannibal  over  the  Ro- 
mans, (190,  194). 

Tigrdnes,  is,  m.  Tigranes,  son-in- 
law  of  Mithridates  and  king  of  Ar- 
menia, (205). 

Timeo,  ere,  ui.     To  fear. 

Timidus,  a,  um,  (timeo).  Cowardly, 
timid. 

Timoleon,  ontis,  m.  Timoleon,  a 
Corinthian  general,  (51). 

Timotheus,  ei,  m.  Timotheus,  an 
Athenian  general,  son  of  Conon, 
(49,  12). 

Tintmnabulum,  i,  n.     Bell. 

Tiresias,  ae,  m.  Tiresias,  a  cele- 
brated blind  soothsayer  of  Thebes, 
(24,  11). 

Tissaphernes,  is,  m.  Tissaphernes, 
a  distinguished  Persian  satrap  of 
Lower  Asia,  under  Darius  ;  after- 
wards general  in  the  service  of 
Artaxerxes,  (225). 

Titus,  i,  m.  Titus,  a  Roman  em- 
peror, (141).  See  also  Quinctius, 
(177). 

Tollo,   ere,   sustidi,    sublatum.      To 


TRIGINTAJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


207 


raise,  take  up,  elate  ;  take  away  ; 

destroy ;  discard. 
Tondeo,   ere,   totondi,    tonsum.      To 

shear,  clip,  crop ;  graze,  browse ; 

pluck,  gather. 

Torqudtus,  i,  m.      Torquatus,  sur- 
name of   Titus  Manlius  and  his 

descendants,  (177). 
Torquis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Collar,  chain 

fot-  the  neck. 
Tot,  indecl.     So  many. 
Totidem,  indecl.     Just  as  many,  the 

same  number. 

Totus,  a,  urn.     All,  the  whole,  some- 
times best  rendered  by  adv.  wholly, 

entirely.     151,  443. 
Tracto,   are,    dvi,    atum.      To   use, 

treat,  manage. 
Trado,  ere,  didi,  ditum,  (trans,  do). 

To  deliver,  give,  consign  to ;  also 

to  relate,    say  ;    traditur  (when 

impers.),  it  is  said. 
Traduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum,  (trans, 

duco).     To  lead  across,  transport. 
Tragoedia,  ae,  f.     Tragedy. 
Tragoedu*,  i,  m.     Tragedian. 
Traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.  To  draw ; 

protract  ^     delay,   detain,   derive, 

influence. 
Trajicio,   ere,  jeci,   jectum,   (trans, 

jacio).    To  throw  over ;  to  cross  ; 

conduct  over,  lead  over. 
Trano,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (trans,  no). 

To  swim  over. 

Trans,  prep,  with  ace.      Across,  be- 
yond. 

Trans-duco — traduco. 
Trans-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.    To  go 

•over,  to  cross.     295,  3. 
Trans-fcro,  ferre,  tuli,  Idtum.     To 

transport,  transfer,  translate. 
Trans-figo,   ere,  fixi,  Jixum.        To 
10 


transfix,   to    thrust    through,    to 

pierce  through. 
Transaredior,  gredi,    gressus  sum, 

dep.  (trans,  gradior).     To  go  or 

pass  over. 
Transigo,    ere,   egi,    actum,    (trans^ 

ago).     To  accomplish,  finish,  pass, 


Transilio,  Ire,   ivi,  ii  or  ui,  (trans;- 

salio).     To  leap  or  pass  over. 
Transitus,  us,  m.  (transeo).  Passage. 
Trans-marlnus,   a,   um.      Transma? 

rine,  over  the  sea. 
Trans-no — trano. 
Trans-porto,    are,    dvi,    alum.      To 

carry  or  convey  from  one  place  to 

another,  carry  across,  transport. 
Trasimenus,  i,  m.     Lake  Trasime- 

nus  in  Etruria,  (190). 
Trebia,  ae,  f.     The  river  Trebia  hi 

Cisalpine  Gaul,  (190). 
Trecentesimus,  a,  um,  (trecenti).  The 

three  hundredth. 
Trecenti,  ae,  a.     Three  hundred. 
Tredecim,  indecl.     Thirteen. 
Tremo,    ere,    tremui.       To   shake, 

quake,  tremble,  quiver, 
Trepidus,    a,    um.       Alarmed,    in 

terror. 

Tres,  tria.     Three. 
Tribunus,  i,  m.     Tribune. 
Tribuo,  ere,  ui,  utum.     To  bestow, 

impute,  award. 

Tributarius,  a,  um.     Tributary. 
Tributum,    i,    n.    (tribuo).        Tax, 

tribute. 

Tricesimus,  a,  um.     The  thirtieth. 
Triennium,    ii,   n.      The   space   ot' 

three  years,  three  years. 
Triaeminus  =r  tergeminus. 
Triaesimus — tricesimus. 
Triginta,  indecl.     Thirty. 


208 


LATIN   READER. 


[TRIPLEX 


Triplex,  icis.     Triple,  threefold. 
Tripudio,  are,  avi.     To  leap,  dance. 
Tripus,  odis,  m.     Tripod. 
Triremis,  is,  f.  (tres,  remus).  Galley 

with  three  banks  of  oars. 
Triremis,  e,  adj.  Having  three  banks 

of  oars. 

Tristis,  e.     Sad. 
Triumpho,    are,    avi,    alum,    (tri- 

umphus).      To    triumph,   have  a 

triumphal  procession. 
Triumphus,  i,  m.     Triumph. 
Troezen,    enis,  f.    (ace.    Troezcna). 

Troezen,  an  ancient  city  of  Argo- 

lis,  (217). 

Troja,  ae,  f.  The  city  of  Troy,  (33, 6). 
Trojdni,  drum,  m.  pi.  (Troja).     The 

Trojans,  (149). 
Trojdnus,  a,  um,  (Troja).     Trojan, 

(236). 

Tropaeum,  i,  n.     Trophy,  victory. 
Trucldo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (trux,  cae- 

do).     To  slay,  massacre. 
Trux,  trucis.    Fierce,  stern. 
Tu,  tui.     Thou,  you. 
Tuba,  ae,  f.     Trumpet. 
Tubicen,  mis,  m.     Trumpeter. 
Tueor,  Iri,  tuitus  or  tutus  sum,  dep. 

To  look  upon  ;  preserve,  defend. 
Tullia,  ae,  f.      Tullia,  the  daughter 

of  Servius  Tullius,   and  wife  of 

Tarquinius  Superbus,  (166). 
Tullius,  ii,  m.     See  Servius,  (164). 
Tullus,  i,  m.     See  Hostihus,  (160). 
Turn.     Then;   turn — turn,  not  only 

— but  also ;  both — and. 
Tumultuo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (tumultus). 

To  make  a  noise  or  tumult. 
Tumultus,  us,  m.  Tumult,  sedition. 
Tumulus,  i,  m.     Tomb,  grave. 
Tune,  adv.     Then ;    tune  tempbris, 

then.   397,  4. 


Tunica,  ae,  f.  Tunic,  coat,  a  gar. 
ment  worn  under  the  toga. 

Turba,  ae,  f.  Crowd,  throng,  mul- 
titude. 

Turbo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (turba).  To 
disturb,  throw  into  confusion. 

Turgesco,  Sre,  turgui.  To  swell,  to 
swell  with  passion. 

Turpiter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (turpisp 
base).  Basely,  disgracefully,  iu 
disgrace. 

Turris,  is,  f.     Tower. 

Tusculum,  i,  n.  Tusculum,  an  an- 
cient town  in  Latium,  (172). 

Tutor,  oris,  m.     Tutor,  guardian. 

Tutus,  a,  um.     Safe. 

Tuus,  a,  'dm,  adj.  pron.  (tu).  Thy, 
thine,  your,  yours. 

Tyrannis,  idis,  f.  (tyrannus).  Ty- 
ranny. 

Tyrannus,  i,  m.    Tyrant,  monarch, 

U 

Uber,  eris,  n.     Udder,  dug. 

Ubertas,  atis,  f.    Richness,  fertility. 

Ubi,  adv.  Where,  when,  sometimes 
interrog. 

Ubii,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Ubii,  an 
ancient  Germanic  people  dwelling 
on  the  Rhine,  (94). 

Ubinam,  adv.  Where,  in  what  part 
of? 

Ublque.    Everywhere. 

Ullus,  a,  um.     Any,  any  one.    151. 

Ulterior,  us  ;  superl.  ultimus.  Fur- 
ther, more  remote;  superl.  last, 
166. 

Ultio,  dnis,  f.     Revenge. 

Ultra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Be- 
yond, more  than. 

Ultra,  adv.  Voluntarily,  of  one'3 
own  accord. 


VASTO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY, 


209 


Ululo,  are,  dvi>  dtum.  To  howl,  to 
cry  aloud,  to  shriek. 

Umbra,  ae,  f.     Shade,  shadow. 

Unde,  adv.  Whence,  also  inter  rog. 
whence  ? 

Undfcim,  indecl.     Eleven. 

Uvdequinquaginta,  indecl.  Forty- 
nine. 

Undevicesimus,  a,  um.   Nineteenth. 

Undique,  adv.  From  all  quarters 
or  sides. 

Unguentum,  i,  n.  Ointment,  per- 
fume. 

Unguis,  is,  m.     Nail, claw,  talon. 

Ungula,  ae,  f.     Claw,  talon,  hoof. 

Universus,  a,  um.  Whole,  entire ; 
all  together. 

Unquam,  adv.  At  any  time, 
ever. 

Unus,  a,  um.     One,  alone.     175. 

Unus-quisque,      unaquaeque,      etc.  | 
(unus,    quisque,    both   parts  de- 
clined).   Each,  each  one. 

Urbs,  urbis,  f.     City. 

Urgeo,  ere,  ursi.  To  urge,  drive; 
press  upon. 

Usque,  adv.  So  far  as;  usque  ad, 
even  to;  usque  eo,  to  such  an 
extent. 

Usurfo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  usurp, 
assume. 

Usus,  us,  m.  Use,  service ;  expe- 
rience ;  need. 

Ut  or  uti,  conj.  That,  as ;  after 
verbs  of  fearing,  that  not. 

Uicumque  or  utcunque,  adv.     How-  j 
ever,  somewhat. 

•Vter,  tra,  trum,  adj.  Which  ?  which 
of  the  two?  151. 

Uterque,    utraque,    utrumque,    like 
uter.     Both,  each.     161,  note  2. 
,  e.     Useful 


Utilitas,  atis,  f.  (utilis).  Utility,  ser- 
vice, advantage. 

LTtor,  uti,  usus  sum.     To  use. 

Utrimque  or  utrinque,  adv.  On  both 
sides. 

Utrum,  in  double  questions.  Whe- 
ther. 

Uva,  ae,  f.  A  bunch  of  grapes,  a 
grape. 

Uxor,  oris,  f.     Wife. 


Vaco,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  be  empty, 
vacant,  to  have  leisure  for;  be 
free  from. 

Vacuus,  a,  um.  Vacant,  empty, 
free  from. 

Vadum,  i,  n.      Ford,  shallow  water. 

Vagltus,  us,  m.     Crying. 

Vagor,  dri,  dtus  sum.  To  wander 
about. 

Vagus,  a,  um.  Wandering,  doubt- 
ful, uncertain,  vague. 

Valeo,  ere,  ui,  \iurn.  To  have 
strength,  avail,  be  well;  to  mean. 

Valerius,  ii,  m.  Valerius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Publicola,  Laevlnus, 
(169,  180). 

Valetudo,  mis.  f.  (valeo).  Habit, 
state  of  the  body,  health,  state  of 
health. 

Vanus,  a,  um.     Empty,  vain,  false. 

Varietas,  dtis,  f.  (varius).  Variety^ 
change. 

Varius,  a,  um.     Various. 

Varro,  onis,  m.  Varro,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Terenlius  Varro,  a 
Roman  consul  defeated  at  Can- 
nae, (191). 

Vas,  vasis,  n.    Vessel,  dish,  vase. 

Vasto,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (vastus).  To 
lay  waste,  devastate,  pillage. 


210 


LATIN    READER. 


Vastus,  a,  um.     Waste,  desert,  vast. 
Vates,  is,  m.  and  f.     Prophet,  pro- 
phetess. 
Vedigal,    alis,    n.       Tax,   income, 

revenue. 
Veho,  ere,  vexi,  vectum.     To  carry, 

bear. 
^Teientes,  um,  or  Veientdni,  drum,  m. 

pi.      The  Veientians,   or  Veien- 

tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Yeii  in 

Etruria,  (175). 
Vel,     conj.       Or,    even ;     vel — vel, 

either — or. 

Velox,  ocis.     Swift,  rapid,  fleet. 
Vel-ut,  or  vel-uti,  adv.     As,  like  as, 

as  if. 
Vendlis,  e.    To  be  sold,  for  sale, 

purchasable. 
Vendo,  ere,  didi,  ditum.     To  sell; 

sub  corona    vendere,   to    sell  as 

slaves. 

Venenum,  i,  n.     Poison. 
Venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.     To  come. 
Venor,   dri,   dtus  sum,    dep.       To 

hunt,  chase,  pursue. 
Venter,  iris,  m.     Belly,  stomach. 
Ventus,  i,  m.     Wind. 
Venus,  eris,  f.      Venus,  the  goddess 

of  love,  (28). 
Verbum,  i,  n.     Word. 
Vereor,   eri,  verltus  sum,  dep.     To 

fear,  to  be  afraid. 
Verltas,  atis,  f.     Truth. 
Vero,  adv.  and  conj.  (verus).    Truly, 

indeed;  but. 
Verres,   is,  m.     Yerres,   a    Roman 

name.      Caius    Cornelius    Verres 

rendered  himself  notorious  by  his 

abuse  of  power  in  Sicily,  (43). 
Verso,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  or  versor,  dep. 

(verto).     To  turn;  busy  one's  self, 

be  occupied  with.     336,  I. 


Versus,  us,  m.     A  verse. 

Vertex,  Zcis,  m.  (verto).  Summitj 
top. 

Verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.     To  turn. 

Verum,  conj.     But. 

Verus,  a,  um.     True,  real. 

Vescor,  vesci.  To  enjoy,  feed  upon^ 
live  upon,  to  eat. 

Vesper,  eris  or  eri,  m.     Evening. 

Vespera,  ae,  f.     Evening. 

Vesperasco,  ere,  vesperdvi,  (vesper). 
To  become  evening. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.  Vesta,  the  goddess  of 
the  hearth,  to  whom  a  perpetual 
fire  was  kept  burning,  (152). 

Vestdlis,  e,  adj.  (Vesta).  Vestal,  re- 
lating to  Yesta,  (152). 

Vester,  tra,  trum.     Your. 

Vestibulum,  i,  n.  Vestibule,  en* 
trance. 

Vestio,  ire,  ivi,  itum,  (vestis).  To 
clothe. 

Vestis,  is,  f.     Garment. 

Veterdnus,  a,  um,  (vetus).  Vete- 
ran. 

Veto,  are,  ui,  itum.     To  forbid. 

Veturia,  ae,  f.  Veturia,  the  mother 
of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Veturius,  ii,  m.  Veturius,  a  Roman 
name.  Titus  Veturius,  a  Roman 
consul  defeated  by  the  Samnite8 
at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Vetus,  eris.  Old,  of  long  standing, 
ancient. 

Vetustas,  atis,  f.  (vetus).  Antiquity, 
age. 

Vetustus,  a,  um.     Old,  ancient. 

Via,  ae,  f.     Way. 

Viator,  dris,  m.     Traveller. 

Vicesimus,  a,  um.     Twentieth. 

Vicinus,  a,  um.     Neighboring. 

Vicis,  gen.  f.      Change,  reverse,  al- 


VULTUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


211 


ternation,  requital ;  fate,  fortune ; 
in  vicem  or  vicem,  in  turn,  place. 
133,  1. 

Vicissitude,  mis,  f.  (vicis).  Change, 
alternation,  vicissitude,  succes- 
sion. 

Victor,  oris,  m.  (vinco).  Con- 
queror. 

Victoria,  ae,  f.     Victory. 

Victus,  a,  urn,  part,  (vinco).  Con- 
quered, vanquished. 

Vicus,  i,  m.     Village. 

Video,  ere,  di,  sum.  To  see  ;  pass, 
videor,  etc.,  to  be  seen ;  to  seem. 

Vigeo,  ere,  ui.  To  flourish,  thrive, 
be  in  force. 

Vigilantia,  ae,  f.  Wakefulness,  vi- 
gilance. 

Viginti,  indec.     Twenty. 

Vilis,  e.     Low,  cheap,  base,  vile. 

Vincio,  Ire,  vinxi,  vinctum.  To 
bind. 

Vinco,  ere,  vici,  mctum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Vinculum  or  vinclum,  i,  n.  Fetter, 
chain. 

Vindex,  icis,  m.  and  f.     Defender. 

Vindlco,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  claim ; 
rescue,  defend ;  punish,  avenge. 

Vinolentus,  a,  um,  (vinum).  Full  of 
wine,  intoxicated  with  wine. 

Vinum,  i,  n.     Wine. 

Violo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  violate,  do 
violence  to ;  profane,  harm. 

Vir,  viri,  m.     Man,  hero,  husband. 

Virga,  ae,  f.     Kod,  twig. 

Virgo,  mis,  f.     Virgin,  maiden. 

Virgula,  ae,  f.     Small  rod,  rod. 

Virtus,  utis,  f.  (vir).  Manliness, 
bravery,  virtue. 

Vis,  vis,  f. ;  pi.  vires.  Power,  strength, 
force;  forces;  abundance. 


Viscus,  cris,  n.     Vitals,  bowels. 
Viso,  ere,  si,  sum.     To  view,  seet 

visit. 

Vita,  ae,  f.     Life. 
Vitis,  is,  f.     Vine. 
Vitium,  ii,  n.     Fault,  vice,  crime. 
Vitupero,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  cen- 

sure, blame,  find  fault  with. 
Vivo,  ere,  vixi,  mctum.     To  live. 
Vivus,  a,  um.     Living,  alive. 
Vocabulum,  i,  n.    Designation,  name, 

word. 
Voco,   are,   avi,   atum,   (vox).      To 

call,  name. 

Volo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  fly. 
Volo,  velle,  volui,  irreg.     To  will,  be 

willing,  wish,  desire  ;  sibi  velle,  to 

mean.     293  ;  389,  note  2. 
Volsci,  drum,  m.  pi.     The  Volsci  or 

Volscians,   a  people  of   Latium, 


Volucer,  cris,  ere,  (volo).     Flying, 

winged  ;     swift,    rapid;     subs,    a 

bird. 
Volumnia,   ae,   f.       Volumnia,   the 

wife  of  Coriolanus,  (174). 
Voluntarius,  a,  um,  (voluntas).    Vo- 

luntary, willing,  spontaneous. 
Voluntas,  atis,  f.  (volo).      Wish,  in- 

clination,  good  will. 
Voluptas,  atis,  f.     Pleasure. 
Voveo,  ere,   vovi,   votum.     To  vow, 

dedicate,  consecrate. 
Vox,  vocis,  f.     Voice,  word. 
Vulgus,  i,  n.      Populace,   common 

people. 
Vulnero,   are,    avi,    atum,  (vulnus), 

To  wound. 

Vulnus,  eris,  n.     Wound. 
Vulpes,  is,  f.     Fox. 
Vultus,  us,  m.     Countenance. 


212 


LATIN    KEADEK. 


X 

Xantkippus,  f,  m.  Xanthippus,  a 
Spartan  commander,  who  took 
Regulus  prisoner  in  the  first  Punic 
war,  (186). 

Xerxes,  is,  m.  Xerxes,  a  celebrated 
Persian  king,  (137,  217). 

onlis,  in.     Xenophon,  a 


Greek  historian,  and  the  leader  of 
the  Greeks  in  the  famous  retreat 
of  the  ten  thousand,  (142). 


Zamy,  ae,  f.  Zama,  a  town  of  Nu- 
midia,  in  Africa,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Scipio  over  Hannibal, 
(196). 


ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


A. 

A,  an.     See  An. 

Able  —  to  be  able.  Possum,  posse, 
potui.  G.  290,  II. 

About  —  to  be  about  to.  To  be 
translated  by  the  Active  Peri- 
phrastic Conjugation.  G.  233. 

Acceptable.     Gratus,  a,  urn. 

Accuse.     Accuso,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Admit.  Concede,  concedere,  con- 
cessi,  concessum.  It  is  admitted. 
Constdt,  constare,  constitit,  im- 
pers. 

Admonish.  Admoned,  admonere, 
admonui,  admonitum. 

Adorned.     Orndtus,  a,  um. 

Advise.  Honed,  monere,  monui, 
monitum. 

After.     Post,  prep,  with  ace. 

Against.  Contra,  prep,  with  ace. ; 
in,  prep,  with  ace.  Sometimes 
denoted  by  the  Dative.  To  wage 
against.  Infer  6,  infer  re,  intuit, 
illdtum.  G.  386. 

Alba  Longa.  Alba  Longa,  Albae 
Longae,  f. 

Alexander.  Alexander,  Alexandri, 


All.     Omriis,  e. 

Always.     Semper,  adv. 

Among.     Inter,  prep,  with  ace. 

An,  a.  Not  to  be  translated,  as  the 
Latin  has  no  article.  G.  48,  6. 

Ancient.     Antiquus,  a,  um. 

Ancus.     Ancits,  I,  m. 

Animal.     Animal,  dnimalis,  n. 

Another.  Alius,  alia,  dliud.  G. 
151;  151,  3.  Alter,  alterd,  al- 
terum.  G.  151. 

Approve.     Probo,  cire,  avi,  atum. 

Army.     Exercitus,  us,  m. 

Arrival.     Adventus,  us,  m. 

Ascanius.     Ascdnius,  ii,  m. 

Ask.  Rogd,  are,  avi,  atum;  in- 
terrogo,  are,  avi,  atum. 

At.  Ad,  prep,  with  ace. ;  dpud, 
prep,  with  ace.  Sometimes  de- 
noted by  the  Locative,  or  by  the 
Ablative  of  Place,  or  of  Time. 
G.  421 ;  426. 

Athenian.  Atheniensis,  is,  m. 
and  f. 

Athens.     Athenae,  arum,  f.  plur. 

Attack.     Impetus,  us,  m. 

Await.     Exspectd,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Award.  Tribud,  tribuere,  tribul, 
tributum. 


214 


LATIN   READER. 


[BACK. 


B. 

Back  —  to  lead  back.     Reduco,  re- 

ducere,  reduxi,  reductum. 
Battle.     Proelium,  ii,  n.  ;  pugnd, 

ae,f. 

Battle-array.     Acies,  ei,  f. 
Be.     Sum,  esse,  fui. 
Be   able.     Possum,   posse,  potui. 

G.  290,  II. 
Be  silent.       Tdced,    tdcere,    tdcui, 

tdcitum. 
Be   subject  to.       Pared,    parcre, 

parui,  pdritum.     G.  385. 
Beautiful.     Pulcher,  pulchrd,  pul- 

chriim. 
Because  'of.     Often  denoted  by  the 

Ablative.     G.  416,  2. 
Become.     Fid,  fieri,  factus  sum. 

G.  294;  362,  2,  1). 
Before.     Ante,  prep,  with  ace. 
Begin.    Coepi,  coepisse.    G.  297, 1. 
Better.     Melior,  melius,  compara- 
tive of  bonus.     G.  165. 
Bird.     Avis,  avis,  f. 
Birthday.       Natalis  dies,  natalis 

dill,  m. 

Blame.  Vituperd,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Book.     Liber,  llbri,  m. 
Booty.     Praeda,  ae.  f. 
Boy.     Puer,  pueri,  m. 
Brave.     Fortis,  e. 
Bravely.     Fortiter,  adv. 
Bravery.      Virtus,  virtutis,  f. 
Break,  offend  against.      Violo,  are, 

•  avi,  atum. 
Bring  to  a  close.     Fluid,  ire,  ivi, 

it  um. 

Brother.     Frater,  fratris,  m. 
Brutus.     Brutus,  i,  m. 
Build,  make.     Fdcid,  facer  e,  fed, 

factum. 


By.  A,  ab,  prep,  with  abl.  Often 
denoted  by  the  Ablative  alone. 
G.  420, 

C. 

Caesar.     Caesar,  Caesdris,  m. 
Call,    summon.       Vocd,    are,    avi, 

atum.     To  call,  name.     Appel- 

16,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Camillus.     Cdmillus,  i,  m. 
Cannae.      Cannae,  arum,  f.  plur. 
Capua.     Cdpud,  ae,  f. 
Carthage.       Carthago,    Carthagi- 

nis,  f. 
Carthaginian,  a  Carthaginian.   Car- 

thaginiensis,     Carthaginiensis, 

m.  and  f. 

Catiline.     Cdtilind,  ae,  m. 
Cato.     Cdtd,  Cdtonis,  m. 
Celebrated.      Clarus,  d,  urn. 
Certain.     Certus,  d,  um. 
Chaeronea.      Chaeroned,  ae,  f. 
Cicero.     Cicerd,  Ciceronis,  m. 
Citadel.     Arx,  arcis,  f. 
Citizen.     Civis,  dims,  m.  and  f. 
City.      Urbs,  urbis,  f. 
Cleopatra.     Cleopatra,  ae,  f. 
Close  — to  bring  to  a  close.  Finid, 

ire,  ivi,  Hum. 
Cloud.     Nubes,  nubis,  f. 
Coat  of  mail.     Loricd,  ae,  f. 
Come.      Venid,  venire,  veni,  ven- 

tum. 
Come  to  the  relief  of.     Subvenid, 

subvenire,    subveni,    subventum. 

G.  386. 
Commander.     Imperator,  impera- 

toris,  m. 

Common.      Communis,  e. 
Conceal.     Celd,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Concerning,     DC,  prep,  with  abl. 


FIVE.] 


ENGLISH-LATIN   VOCABULARY. 


215 


Conquer.        Vincd,    vincere,   vici, 

victum. 

Conqueror.      Victor,  victoris,  m. 
Conspire.        Conjurd,     are,     avi, 

atum. 

Consul.     Consul,  consults,  m. 
Content.     Contentus,  a,    um.     G. 

421,  III. 
Contrary  to.      Contra,  prep,  with 

ace. 
Conversation.      Sermd,  sermonis, 

m. 

Corinth.     Corinthus,  i,  f. 
Cornelius.     Cornelius,  ii,  m. 
Country.     Pdtrid,  ae,  f. 
Courage.      Virtus,  virtutis,  f. 
Crown.     Corona,  ae,  f. 

D. 

Daily.     Quofidianus,  a,  um. 

Danger.     Periculum,  I,  n. 

Daughter.     Filid,  ae,  f. 

Day.     Dies,  diei,  m. 

Dear.     Carus,  a,  urn. 

Death.     Mors,  mortis,  f. 

Declare.  Indicd,  indicere,  indixi, 
indicium. 

Delight.     Delectd,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Demand.    Postuld,  are,  am,  atum. 

Demosthenes.  Demosthenes,  De- 
mosthenis,  m. 

Desirous.  Cupidus,  d,  um  ;  dvi- 
dus.  a,  um. 

Despair  of.  Desperd,  are,  avi, 
atum,  with  aoc.  or  abl. 

Did.  Often  the  sign  of  the  Im- 
perfect^ or  of  the  Perfect  tense, 
especially  in  questions. 

Diligence.     DiVigentid,  ae,  f. 

Diligent.     Diligens,  diligentis. 

Distinguished.     Cl&rus,  d,  um. 
15 


Divide.  Dividd,  divider e,  divisi, 
divisum. 

Do.  Fdcid,  fdcere,  feci,  factum. 
Often  the  sign  of  the  Present 
tense,  especially  in  questions. 


E. 

Early,  ancient.     Antiquus,  a,  um. 
Easy.     Fdcilis,  e. 
Egypt.     Aegyptus,  i.  f. 
Eight.     Octo,  indeclinable. 
Eighth.      Octavus,  d,  um. 
Enemy.     Hostis,  hostis,  m.  and  f. 
Engagement,  battle.  Pugnd,  ae,  f. 
Enlarge.    Amplid,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Ennius.     Ennius,  ii,  m. 
Epaminondas.    Epdminondas,  ae, 

m. 
Exercise.     Exerced,  exercere,  exer- 

cui,  exercitum. 

Exile.     Exsul,  exsulis,  m.  and  f. 
Expect.     Exspectd,  are,  avi,  atum. 


F. 

Fable.     Fabula,  ae,  f. 

Father.     Pdter,  pdtris,  m. 

Father-in-law.     Socer,  soceri,  m. 

Fear.     Timed,  timere,  timui. 

Fertile.     Fertilis,  e. 

Fidelity.     Fides,  fidei,  f. 

Field.     Ager,  dgri,  m. 

Fifty.  Quinquaginta,  indeclina- 
ble. 

Fight.     Pugnd,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Find.  Invenio,  invenire,  inveni, 
inventum. 

Finish.     Finio,  ire,  ivi,  itum. 

Fire.     Ignis,  ignis,  m. 

Five.     Quinque,  indeclinable. 


216 


LATIN  EEADEB. 


[FLEE. 


Flee.  Fugid,  fugtrf,  fugi,  fugi- 
tum. 

Flight  —  to  put  to  flight.  Fugo, 
are,  am,  atum. 

Flower.     Flos,floris,  m. 

Fly.      Void,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Follow.  Sequor,  sequi,  secutus 
sum,  dep. 

Fond.     Amans,  dmantis. 

Foot.     Pes,  pedis,  m. 

For.  Pro,  prep,  with  abl.  For 
his  (her,  its)  own  sake.  P rop- 
ier sese  (se).  In  the  sense  of 
because  of,  or  when  introducing 
the  price  for  which  anything  is 
bought  or  sold,  for  is  denoted  by 
the  ablative  alone ;  G.  413,  422 ; 
and  in  the  sense  of  for  the  bene- 
fit of,  by  the  Dative.  G.  384. 

Forces.     Copiae,  arum,  f.  plur. 

Formerly.     Quondam,  adv. 

Forth  —  to  lead  forth.  JSducd,  edu- 
cere,  eduxi,  eductum. 

Fortify.     Munid,  Ire,  ivi,  itum. 

Forty.  Quadraginta,  indeclina- 
ble. 

Found.  Condd,  condere,  condidi, 
conditum. 

Four.     Quattuor,  indeclinable. 

Fourth.     Quartus,  a,  urn. 

Free.  Liberd,  are,  avi,  atum.  G. 
414,  I. 

Friend.    Amicus,  I,  m. 

Friendly.     Amicus,  a,  urn. 

Friendship.     Amicitid,  ae,  f. 

From,  away  from.  A,  ab,  prep, 
with  abl.  From,  out  of,  out 
from.  E,  ex,  prep,  with  abl. 
From  is  sometimes  denoted  by 
the  Ablative  alone.  See  G.  412 ; 
414,  3. 

Fruit.     Fructus,  us,  m. 


G. 

Garden.     Hortus,  i,  m. 

Gaul,  a  Gaul.     Gallus,  i,  m. 

Gaul,  the  country  of  Gaul.  Gal- 
lid,  ae,  f. 

Gem.     Gemma,  ae,  f. 

General.     Dux,  ducis,  m.  and  f. 

Gift.     Donum,  I,  n. 

Girl.     Puella,  ae,  f. 

Give.     Do,  dare,  dedi,  datum. 

Glory.     Gloria,  ae,  f. 

Glory,  to  glory.  Gloridr,  &ri, 
atus  sum,  dep. 

Gold.     Aurum,  *,  n. 

Golden.     Aureus,  a,  um. 

Good.     Bonus,  a,  um.     G.  165. 

Goodness.     Bonitas,  bomtatis,  f. 

Govern.  Regd,  regere,  rexl,  rec- 
tum. 

Great.     Magnus,  a,  um. 

Greatly.      Valde,  adv. 

Greece.     Graecid,  ae,  f. 

Guard.     Custodid,  ire,  ivi,  itum. 

H. 

Had.  Often  the  sign  of  the  Plu- 
perfect tense. 

Hannibal.  Hannibal,  Hannibdlis, 
m. 

Happen.  Fid,  fieri,  factus  sum. 
G.  294. 

Happiness.    Felicit  as,  f  elicit  atis,  f. 

Happy.     Beatus,  a,  um. 

Have.  Habed,  hdbere,  hdbui,  hdb- 
itum.  Sometimes  simply  the 
sign  of  the  Perfect  tense ;  as, 
we  have  loved. 

He,  she,  it.  Is,  ed,  U;  ille,  ill?, 
illud.  The  pronoun  is  often  im- 
plied in  the  ending  of  the  verb. 


LEAD.] 


ENGLISH-LATIN   VOCABULARY. 


217 


He  himself.     Ipse,  ipsd,  ipsum. 
Hear.     Audio,  ire,  ivi,  itum. 
Herald.     Praecd,  praeconis,  m. 
Herodotus.     Herodotus,  i,  m. 
High.     Altus,  olid,  altum. 
Himself.     Sui;  ipse,  ipsd,  ipsum. 
His.     Suits,  a,  urn.     Often  to   be 

translated  by  the  Genitive  of  is 

or  ille. 

History.     Historid,  ae,  f. 
Honor.    Hands  or  honor,  honoris, 

m. 

Hope.     Spes,  spei,  f. 
Horse.     Equus,  i,  m. 
Hour.     Hord,  ae,  f. 
How  many.     Qudt,  indeclinable. 

I. 

I.     Ego,  mei.     See  G.  446. 

Imitate.  Imitor,  ari,  atus  sum, 
dep. 

In.  In,  prep,  with  abl.  In  with 
names  of  towns  is  generally  to 
be  translated  by  the  Locative. 
G.  425.  In,  denoting  cause, 
means,  or  time,  is  to  be  ex- 
pressed by  the  Ablative  alone. 
G.413;  420;  429.  In  the  reign 
of.  Present  partciple  of  regno 
(are,  avi,  atiim),  in  Ablative 
Absolute. 

In  vain.     Frustra,  adv. 

Incite.     Incitd,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Incursion.     Incursid,  onis,  f. 

Instruct.     Erudid,  ire,  ivi,  itum. 

Instructor.  Praeceptor,  praecep- 
toris,  m. 

Into.     In,  prep,  with  ace. 

Invite.     Invitd,  are,  avi,  atum. 

Iron.     Ferrum,  i,  n. 

Island.     Insula,  ae,  f. 


It.  See  he,  she,  it.  It,  expletive, 
when  the  real  subject  is  an  in- 
finitive or  clause,  is  not  to  be 
translated. 

Italy.     Italia,  ae,  f. 

Itself.  Sui;  ipse,  ipsd,  ipsum. 
Of  itself.  Per  se. 


J. 

Joy.     Gaudium,  ii,  n. 

Judge,  a  judge.     Judex,  judicis, 

m.  and  f. 
Judge,  to  judge.     Judicd,  are,  avi, 

atum. 
Justice.     Justitid,  ae,  f. 


K. 

Keep.     Servd,  are,  avi,  atum.  To 

keep  one's  word.      Fidem  ser- 

vare. 

Kindly.     Benigne,  adv. 
King.     Rex,  regis,  m. 
Know.     Scio,  scire,  scivi,  scitum. 

Not  to  know.     Nescid,  ire,  ivi, 

itum. 
Knowledge.     Scientid,  ae,  f. 


L. 

Lacedaemonian.    Jjdcedaemonius, 

ii,  m. 

Large.     Magnus,  a,  um. 
Latinus.     Ldtinus,  i,  m. 
Lavinia.     Lavinid,  ae,  f. 
Law.     Lex,  legis,  f. 
Lay  waste.     Vastd,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Lead.    Duco,  diicere,  duxi,  ductum. 
Lead  back.     Eeducd,  reducere,  re- 

duxi,  reductum. 


218 


LATIN   KEADEK. 


[LEAD. 


Lead  out,  lead  forth.     Educd,  edu- 

cere,  eduxi,  eductum. 
Leader.     Dux,  ducis,  m.  and  f. 
Learned.     Doctus,  a,  um. 
Learning.     Doctrind,  ae,  f. 
Leonidas.     Leonidds,  ae,  m. 
Let.     Render   by  the   Subjunctive 

or  the  Imperative.     See  G.  483  ; 

487,  2. 

Letter.     Epistold,  ae,  f. 
Leuctra.     Leuctrd,  drum,  n.  plur. 
Liberate.     Libero,  are,  dvl,  atum. 

G.  414,  I, 

Liberty.     Libertds,  libertatis,  f. 
Life.      Vitd,  ae,  f. 
Light.     Lux,  lucis,  f. 
Love.     Amd,  are,  dvi,  atum. 

M. 

Macedonia.     Macedonia,  ae,  f. 
Magistrate.     Magistrates,  us,  m. 
Mail  —  coat  of  mail.    Loricd,  ae,  f. 
Make.     Fdcid,fdcere,feci,factum. 
Man.     Homo,  hominis,  m. ;    vir, 

viri,  m.     The  latter  is  used  as 

a  term  of  respect;    a  true   or 

worthy  man,  a  hero. 
Mantinea.     Mantined,  ae,  f. 
Many.     Multl,  ae,  d,  plur.     How 

many.     Quot,  indeclinable 
Marcius.     Marcius,  il,  m. 
May.     Often  to  be  rendered  by  the 

Present  Subjunctive. 
May  have.      Often  to  be  rendered 

by  the  Perfect  Subjunctive.     See 

G.  483 ;  485. 

Memory.     Memorid,  ae,  f. 
Messenger.     Nuntius,  ii,  m. 
Might,   would,   should.     Often  to 

be    rendered    by  the    Imperfect 

Subjunctive. 


Might  have,  would  have,  should 
have.  Often  to  be  rendered  by 
the  Pluperfect  Subjunctive.  See 
G.  486. 

Mina.     Mind,  ae,  f. 

Mind.     Animus,  i,  m. 

Mithridates.  Mithridates,  Mlih- 
ridatis,  m. 

Modest.     Modestus,  d,  um. 

Money.     Pecunid,  ae,  f. 

Month.     Mensis,  mensis,  m. 

More.  Sign  of  the  Comparative 
degree. 

Most.  Sign  of  the  Superlative 
degree. 

Mound.     Agger,  aggeris,  m. 

Mountain.     Mons,  montis,  m. 

Must.  Often  to  be  rendered  by  the 
Passive  Periphrastic  Conjuga- 
tion. See  G.  234. 

My.    Meus,  d,  um.    G.  185,  note  1. 

N. 

Name.     Nomen,  nominis,  n. 
Naval.     Ndvdlis,  e.    Naval  battle, 

naval  engagement.     Pugnd  na~ 

vdlis. 

Never.     Nunqudm,  adv. 
New  Carthage.     Carthdgd  Novd, 

Carthdginis  Novae,  f. 
Nile.     Nilus,  i,  m. 
Noble.     Nbbilis,  e. 
Not.     Non,    adv.     With    impera- 
tives,   ne,    adv.      Interrogative, 

nonne,  adv. 
Not  to   know.      Nescid,   ire,    ivi, 

itum. 

Not  yet.     Nondum,  adv. 
Nothing.    Nihil,  indeclinable.  See 

G.  42,  note. 
Numa.     Numd,  ae,  m. 


QUEEN.] 


ENGLISH-LATIN   VOCABULARY. 


219 


O. 

O  !     0,  inter j. 

Obey.  Pared,  parere,  pdrul,  pdri- 
tum. 

Observe,     Servo,  are,  avl,  atum. 

Occupy.     Occupo,  are,  avl,  atum. 

Of.  Denoted  by  the  Genitive. 
See  G.  393.  On  account  of. 
Denoted  by  the  Ablative.  G. 
416. 

Of  itself.     Per  se. 

Often.     Saepe,  adv. 

Older.     Major  or  major  natu. 

On.  Often  denoted  by  the  Abla- 
tive of  time.  G.  429. 

Once.     Semel,  adv. 

One.     Unus,  d,  urn.     G.  175. 

Oration.     Oratid,  orationis,  f. 

Orator.     Orator,  oratoris,  m. 

Ought.  Often  to  be  rendered  by 
the  Passive  Periphrastic  Conju- 
gation. See  G.  234. 

Our.     Noster,  trd,  trum. 

Out  —  to  lead  out.  Educd,  edu- 
cere,  eduxl}  eductum. 

Over  —  to  preside  over.  Praesum, 
praeesse,  praeful.  See  G.  386. 

P. 

Parent.       Pdrens,    pdrentis,    m. 

and  f. 

Peace.     Pax,  pacis,  f. 
People.     Populus,  I,  m. 
Pericles.     Pericles,  Perlclis,  m. 
Perseus.     Perseus,  i,  m. 
Philip.     Philippus,  i,  m. 
Philosopher.     Philosophus,  i,  m. 
Plan.     Consilium,  ii,  n. 
Please.      Placed,  placere,  placui, 

pldcitum.     G.  385. 


Pleasing.     Gratus,  a,  um. 
Pleasure.     Voluptas,  voluptatis,  f. 
Plough.     Ard,  are,  avl,  atum. 
Plunder.      Spolid,  are,  avl,  atum. 

See  G.  414,  I. 

Poem.     Poema,  poematis,  n. 
Porsena.     PorsencL,  ae,  m. 
Practise.     Cold,  colere,  colul,  cul- 

tum. 
Praise,  to  praise.   Laudo,  are,  avl, 

atum. 

Praise.     Laus,  laudis,  f. 
Precept.     Praeceptum,  i,  n. 
Preceptor.      Praeceptor,  praecep- 

toris,  m. 
Predict.       Praedlcd,    praedicere, 

praedixi,  praedictum. 
Prefer.         Praeferd,      praeferre, 

praetull,    praelatum.       Prefer, 

would    rather.        Maid,    malle, 

malm.     G.  293. 

Present,  a  present.     Donum,  i,  n. 
Present,  to  present.     Dono,   are, 

avi,  atum. 
Preside  over.    Praesum,  praeesse, 

praeful.     G.  386. 
Priscus.     Priscus,  I,  m. 
Proclaim.       Proclamd,    are,   avl, 

atum. 

Proud.     Superbus,  d,  um. 
Ptolemy.     Ptolemaeus,  I,  m. 
Publius.     Publius,  il,  m. 
Pupil.     Discipulus,  I,  m. 
Purchase.     Emd,  emere,  eml.  emp- 

tum. 
Put  to   flight.       Fugo,    are,    dvl, 

atum. 
Pydna.     Pydnd,  ae,  f. 

Q- 

Queen.     Reglnd,  ae,  f. 


220 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[READ, 


R. 

Read.     Lego,  legere,  legi,  lectum. 
Receive.      Accipid,    accipere,    ac- 

cepl,  acceptum. 
Recover.      Recuperd,     art,     avi, 

atum. 

Reign.     RegnO,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Reign  —  in  the  reign  of.      Present 

Participle  of   regno,  (are,  avi, 

atum},    in   Ablative    Absolute. 

G.  431,  2. 
Rejoice.     Gaudeo,  gaudere,  gam- 

sus  sum. 

Relate.    Narro,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Relief  —  to  come  to  the  relief  of. 

Subvenid,    subvenire,     subveni, 

subventum.     G.  386. 
Renew.     Instaurd,  fire,  avi,  atum. 
Renowned.     Clarus,  d,  urn. 
Republic.     Res  pullicd,  rei  pub- 

licae,  f. 

Reside.     Hdbitd,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Return.     Reded,  redlre,  redii,  red- 


Reward.     Herds,  mercedis,  f. 
Rhine.     Rhenus,  i,  m. 
River.     Amnis,  amnis,  m. 
Roman.  •  Romanus,  d,  um. 
Roman,  a  Roman.     Romanus,  I, 

m. 

Rome.     Romd,  ae,  f. 
Romulus.     Romulus,  i,  m. 
Rule,  to  rule.     Regd,  r  eg  ere,  rexi, 

rectum. 
Rule.  Dominatid,  dtiminationis,  f. 

S. 

Safe.     Tutus,  d,  urn;   salvus,  d, 

um. 
Safety.     Sdlus,  sdlutis,  f. 


Saguntum.     Sdguntum.  i,  n. 
Sake  —  for  his  (her,  its)  own  sake. 

Propter  sese  (se). 
Same.     Idem,  eddem,  idem. 
Saturnia.     Sdturnid,  ae,  f. 
Save.     Servo,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Say.     Died,  dicer e,  dixi,  dictum. 
School.     Ludus,  i,  m. 
Scipio.     Scipid,  Sclpionis,  m. 
See.      Video,  videre,  vld'i,  visum. 
See  that.     Curd,  are,  avi,   atum. 

See  G.  498,  II. 
Self.     Ipse,  ipsd,  ipsum. 
Sell.       Vendd,    vendere,    vendidi, 

venditum. 

Send.     Mittd,  mittere,  misi,  mis- 
sum. 

Servius.     Servius,  il,  m. 
Setting.     Occasus,  us,  m. 
Seven.     Septem,  indeclinable. 
Severely.      Grdviter,  adv. ;  acrir 

ter,  adv. 
Shall,  will.     Signs  of  the  Future 

tense. 
Shall  have,  will  have.     Signs  of 

the  Future  Perfect  tense. 
Shepherd.      Pastor,  pastoris,  m. 
Should,  should  have.     See  might, 

might  have. 
Sicily.     Sicilid,  ae,  f. 
Sight.     Conspectus,  us,  m. 
Silent  — to  be  silent.     Tdced,  ta- 

cere,  tdcui,  tdcitum. 
Silver.     Argentum,  i,  n. 
Sing.     Canto,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Singing,  a  song.     Cantus,  us,  m. 
Six.     Sex,  indeclinable. 
Slave.     Servus,  i,  m. 
Sleep.     Dormid,  ire,  ivi,  itiim. 
Small.     Parvus,  d,  um.     G.  165. 
So.     Tdm,  adv. ;  ltd,  adv. 
Socrates.     Socrdtes,  Socrdtis,  m. 


TYRANT.] 


ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


221 


Soldier.     Miles,  militis,  m. 
Some,    certain.       Quiddm,    quae- 

ddm,  quidddm  or  quodddm.   G. 

190,  2. 

Son.  Filius,  ii,  m.  G.  51,  5. 
Son-in-law.  Gener,  generi,  m. 
Song,  a  song.  Carmen,  carminis, 

n.     Song,  singing.     Cantus,  us, 

m. 

Spain.     Hispdnid,  ae9  f. 
Speak.      Died,    dicer  e,   dixi,  dic- 
tum. 

State.     Civitds,  civitdtis,  f. 
Strengthen.       Firmo,     are,     avi, 

dtum. 

Study.     Studium,  ii,  n. 
Subject  —  to  be  subject  to.    Pared, 

pdrere,  pdrui,  pdritum.  G.  385. 
Succeed.     Succedo,  succedere,  suc- 

cessi,  successum.     G.  386. 
Sulla.     Sulld,  ae,  m. 
Sun.     Sol,  soUs,  m. 
Sunset.     Occasus  solis. 
Sword.     Glddius,  ii,  m. ;  ferrum, 

I,  n.,  lit.  iron.     With  fire  and 

sword.     Ferro  igneque. 


T. 

Take.  Cdpio,  caper  e,  cepi,  cap- 
turn. 

Talent.     Tdlentum,  i,  n. 

Tarquin.     Tarquinius,  ii>  m. 

Tarquinius.     Tarquiniiis,  ii,  m. 

Temple.     Templum,  i,  n. 

Ten.     Decem,  indeclinable. 

Terrify.  T  erred,  t  err  ere,  terrui, 
territum. 

Than.  Qudm.  Often  omitted,  in 
which  case  the  Ablative  follows. 
See  G.  417; 


That.  Ille,  Hid,  illud;  Ks,  ed,  id. 
That  introducing  clauses  de- 
noting purpose  or  result  is  to  be 
rendered  by  ut  or  ne  with  the 
Subjunctive.  See  G.  497.  That 
after  verbs  of  Declaring  intro- 
duces a  clause  to  be  translated 
by  the  Infinitive  with  Subject 
Accusative.  See  G.  535,  I. 

The.  Not  to  be  translated,  as  the 
Latin  has  no  article.  See  G. 
48,  6. 

Theban.     Theldnus,  d,  um. 

Their.  Suits,  d,  um.  Often  to  be 
rendered  by  the  Genitive  of  is 
or  ille. 

There.  When  expletive,  as  in 
there  is,  there  are,  not  to  be 
translated  into  Latin. 

Thermopylae.  Thermopylae, 

drum,  f.  plur. 

Thing.     Res,  rei,  f. 

Thirty.     Trigintd,  indeclinable. 

This.     Hie,  haec.  hdc. 

Thou,  you.     Tu,  tui. 

Three.     Tres,  trid.     G.  175. 

Time.     Tempus,  temporis,  n. 

Timid.     Timidus,  d,  urn. 

To.  Ad,  prep,  with  ace.  To  is 
sometimes  denoted  by  the  Da- 
tive, and  sometimes  by  the  Ac- 
cusative. See  G.  382,  and  384, 
3,1). 

To-morrow.     Crds,  adv. 

True.      Verus,  d,  um. 

Trumpeter.    Tubicen,  tubicinis,  m. 

Truth.      Verum,  i,  n. 

Try.     Tento,  ar~e,  avi,  titum. 

Tullia.     Tullia,  ae,  f. 

Tullius.     Tullius,  ii,  m. 

Two.     Dud,  duae,  duo.     G.  175. 

Tyrant.     Tyrannus,  i,  m. 


222 


LATIN  BEADER. 


[USE. — YOUTH. 


U. 

Use.     Usus,  us,  m. 
Useful.     Utffls,  t. 


V. 

Vain  —  in  vain.     Frustra,  adv. 
Valor.      Virtus,  virtutis,  f. 
Valuable.     Pretiosus,  ft,  urn. 
Victor.      Victor,  victoris,  m. 
Victory.      Victoriti,  ae,  f. 
Village.      Vicus,  I,  m. 
Violate.      Viold,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Virtue.      Virtus,  virtutis,  f. 


W. 

Wage.     Gerd,  gererl,  gessi,  ges- 

tum. 
Wage   against.      Infero,   inferre, 

intuit,  illatum.     G.  386. 
Walk.     Amluld,  are,  avi,  atum. 
War.     Bellum,  i,  n. 
Waste  —  to  lay  waste.    Vastd,  are, 

avi,  atum. 

Wealth.     Dlvitiae,  arum,  f.  pi. 
Well.     Bene,  adv. 
What?      Qui,   quae,   qutid?    quis, 

quae,  quid  ?     G.  454. 
Where?     Uli?  adv 
Whether.     Num. 
Which,  relative.    Qui,  quae,  quod. 

Which  ?       Qui,     quae,     quod  f 

quis,  quae,  quid?  G.  454. 


Who?     Quis,  quae,  quid? 
Whole.     Totus,  d,  um.     G.  151. 
Wife.     Uxor,  uxoris,  f. 
Will,  will  have.     See  shall,  shall 

have. 

Winter.     Hiems,  hiemis,  f. 
Wisdom.     Sdpientid,  ae,  f. 
Wise.     Sapiens,  sdpientis. 
Wish.      Void,  velle,  volui.  G.  293. 
With.     Cum,  prep,  with  abl.     G. 

184,  6.       Often  denoted  by  the 

Ablative  alone.     G.  419,  420. 
Word.      Verbum,  i,  n.     To  keep 

one's     word,     fidem     servare. 

(servo,  are,  avi,  atum). 
Would,  would  have.     See  might, 

might  have.     Often  to  be  ren- 

dered by  the  Subjunctive. 
Wound.     Vulnerd,  are,  avi,  atum. 
Write.      Scrlbd,  scribere,   scrip  si, 

scriptum. 


Xenophon. 
phontis,  m. 


X. 

Xenophon, 

Y. 


Year.     Annus,  i,  m. 

Yesterday.     Heri,  adv. 

Yet  —  not  yet.     Nondum,  adv. 

You.     Tu,  tui. 

Your.     Tuus,  d,  um;  vesttr,  ves- 

trd,  vest  rum. 
Youth.    Juvenis,  juveniSj  m.  and  f. 


TABLE  OF  REFERENCES. 


The  grammatical  references  are  made  to  the  Standard  Edition  (1881)  of 
the  author's  Latin  Grammar;  but  for  the  convenience  of  students  who  may 
have  the  previous  edition,  this  table  is  added,  giving  the  corresponding 
sections  in  that  edition. 


Page. 

Page. 

Page. 

1,     1  .  .  15-18  ;  20-25. 

34,  85,  3  .  .  Rule  xxviii. 

43,  *. 

.  76,  1. 

6-13  ;  20-25. 

426. 

5  t 

.  538,  1. 

19-25. 

4  .  .  Rule  xxxi. 

6 

.587,1.2. 

2,    4,2.  .  367. 

431. 

7 

.  563,  399. 

4,  11,2.  .  llule  xxxiii. 

5  .  .  Rule  xxxii. 

8 

.  518,  I. 

5,  12,             "        «* 

36,  88,  1  .  .      «  xxxiii. 

9 

.  441,  545. 

7,  20,  2  .  .  Rule  xxxii. 

2  .  .      "  xxxiv. 

10 

.  559,  565. 

12,  34,  4  .  .  Rule  xxxv. 

3  .  .      "    xxxv. 

11 

.  501,  I. 

13,  35,  2  .  .  201. 

37,  91,  1  .  .     "  xxxvi. 

14 

.  518,  II. 

36,  1  .  .  Rule  xxxv. 

2  .  .     "  xxxvii. 

15 

.  545. 

36,  2  .  .     "      " 

480,  481. 

17 

.  278,  3. 

15,  39,  3  .  .  346,  II,  1. 

3  .  .  Rule  xxxix. 

18 

.292,2;  551. 

16,  43,  1.  .200;    Rule 

487,  488. 

21 

.  525. 

xxxv. 

4  .  .  Rule       xl. 

22 

.  385,  3. 

18,  46,3.  .  Rule  li.  582. 

489-491. 

44,  2 

.  495,  2. 

22,  55,  2  .  .  Rule     xxi. 

5  .  .  Rule       xl. 

3 

.  545. 

414. 

489-491. 

4 

.  518,  II. 

55,  3  .  .  Rule     xxi. 

38,  91,  1  .  .  Rule     xlv. 

5 

.525. 

414. 

525. 

6 

.  566,  II. 

23,  58,  2  .  .  414,  5. 

2  .  .  Rulexlviii. 

13 

.489. 

27,  67,  1  .  .  221-223. 

535. 

14 

.  545. 

28,  70,  1  .  .  225-230. 

39,  97,  1  .  .  549-551. 

17 

.418. 

29,  73,  1  .  .  231,  232. 

2  .  .  Rule    xlix. 

20 

.  414,  2. 

73,  3  .  .  367. 

545. 

45,  2 

.  357,  I. 

30,  76,  2  .  .  Rule     viii. 

3  .  .  540-544. 

3 

.525. 

378. 

41,  7  .  .  373,  3. 

4 

.  419,  III. 

3  .  .  Rule  ix.379. 

i*  .  .  414,  5. 

6 

.  234,  2. 

32,  79,  3  .  .  395,  396. 

15  .  .  525. 

8 

.  518,  II. 

33,  82,  1  .  .  Rule     xxi. 

42,  2  .  .  552. 

46,  i 

.  518. 

414. 

3  .  .  297  ;  460,  2. 

3 

.545. 

2  .  .  Rule     xxi. 

&  .  .  271,  3. 

4 

.531. 

414. 

9.  .489;  494. 

6 

.  523,  II.  2. 

3  .  .  Rule    xxii. 

10.  .84,  2;  115,2. 

10 

.234. 

416. 

i2  .  .  505. 

11 

.  460,  2. 

5  .  .  Rule  xxiv. 

15  .  .  414  ;  100,  3. 

14 

.549. 

418. 

is  .  .  578,  III. 

16 

.  545. 

34,  85,  1  .  .  Rule  xxvi. 

17  .  .  503  ;  503,  2. 

17 

.  551,  I. 

421. 

is  .  .  501,  I. 

18 

.  431,  2. 

2  .  .  Rule  xxvi. 

19  .  .  416  ;  104,  1. 

19 

.  531. 

421. 

43,  i  .  .  518,  II. 

20 

.  545,  3. 

224 


LATIN   READER. 


Fagc. 

Page. 

Page. 

46,2i  ..525. 

51,  9..  133;  371,3. 

57,  6  .  .  518,  II. 

47,  1  .  .  518,  II. 

10  .  .  531. 

s  .  .  532,  4. 

2  .  .  396,  III. 

12  .  .  518,  II. 

9  .  .  492,  2. 

3  .  .  367,  3. 

is  .  .  525. 

1°  .  .  258,  I.  1. 

4  .  .  398,  4,  2). 

14  .  .  563. 

11  .  .  379,  3, 

7  .  .  520,  II. 

52,  2  .  .  426. 

12  .  .  577. 

8  .  .  549. 

3  .  .  549,  4, 

i3  .  .  414,  4. 

»..  525;  481,11. 

5  .  .  442,  1. 

H  .  .  429, 

»o  .  .  500,  2  ;  234. 

7  .  .  213,  II. 

58,  i  .'  .  431,'  2. 

11  .  .  545,  3. 

9  .  .  273,  I.  2. 

2  .  .  235  ;  297. 

12  .  .  234. 

1°  .  .  273,  II.  1. 

3  .  .  509. 

"  .  .  460,  2. 

12  .  .  96,  3. 

4  .  .  491. 

48,  3  .  .  518,  II. 

53,  4..  580. 

59,  *  .  .  270,  II.  1. 

4  .  .  414,  4. 

5  .  .  421,  II. 

2  .  .  258,  1.  2. 

5..  295,  3;  522,11. 

6  .  .  273,  II.  1. 

5  .  .  518,  II.  ;  272 

e  .  .  397,  1,  (1). 

8  .  .  429. 

e  .  .  258,  1.  4. 

7  .  .  485,  486,  3. 

9  .  .  525. 

10  .  .  522,  II. 

9  .  .  525. 

11  .  .  527. 

i2  .  .  414,  2. 

10  .  .  419,  III. 

12  .  .  491. 

i3  .  .  492. 

11  .  .  501,  1. 

13  .  .  214,  1. 

i4  .  .  580. 

12  .  .  575  :  384. 

14  .  .  385,  2, 

is  .  .  518,  II. 

13  .  .  547,  1. 

i5  .  .  273,  1.  1. 

16  .  .  258,  1.  2. 

i4  .  .  525. 

16  .  .  518,  II. 

is  .  .  234. 

J5.  .346;  485. 

is  .  .  269. 

60,i..  379. 

*6  .  .  546. 

19  .  .  518,  1. 

2  .  .  282,  I. 

17  .  .65;  113. 

20  .  .  578,  II. 

3  .  .  580. 

!8  .  .  379. 

23  .  .  578,  V. 

4  .  .  520,  II. 

20  .  .  489. 

54,  2  .  .  518,  II. 

7  .  .  500. 

49,  i  .  .  518,11. 

3  .  .  525. 

8  .  .  494. 

2  .  .  487. 

4  .  .  131,  1  ;  414. 

9  .  .  547,  I. 

s  .  .  492  ;  549,  4. 

5  .  .  269,  II.  ;  491. 

1°  .  .  425. 

4  .  .  419,  III. 

6  .  .  273,  II.  1, 

i4  .  .  431,  2,  (3). 

5  .  .  419,  IV. 

9  .  .  578,  I. 

61,i..  5i8)  jj. 

6  .  .  84,  1. 

11  .  .  492,  2. 

4  .  .  430,  431. 

7  .  .  500,  2. 

12  ..  273,  I.  2. 

6  .  .  419,  I. 

8  .  .  578,  1. 

14  .  .  118,  1. 

7  .  .  577. 

9  .  .  426. 

i5  .  .  527. 

8  .  .  414,  2. 

10  .  .  525. 

55,  i  .  .  441,  6. 

9  .  .  416. 

12  .  .  510,  1. 

2  .  .  575,  1. 

10  .  .  495. 

15  .  .  419,  3. 

3  .  .  492,  2. 

11  .  .  422,  1,  2). 

50,  i  .  .  518,  II. 

4  .  .  258,  1.  3. 

12..  428. 

3  .  .  426. 

6  .  .  518,  II. 

62,  i  .  .  419,  2,  1)0 

4  .  .  554,  IV. 

7  .  .  577. 

2  .  .  332,  I.  4. 

5  .  .  551,  1. 

11  .  .  431,  2. 

3  .  .  272,  1. 

8  .  .  545. 

i2  .  .  421,  II. 

5  .  .  518,  II. 

9  .  .  414,  4. 

14  .  .  491. 

6  .  .  492,  2. 

10  .  .  431  ;  431,  2. 

15  .  .  258,  1.  2. 

8  .  .  410,  2. 

"..118,1,  (1). 

56,  2  .  .  261,  2, 

9  .  .  273,  II. 

12  .  .  494. 

4  .  .  378,  1. 

10  .  .  414,  4. 

13  .  .  492,  3. 

5  .  .  518,  II. 

12  .  .  494. 

14  .  .  271,  3. 

e  .  .  269. 

i3  .  .  418. 

15  .  .  491. 

s  .  .  260. 

14  .  .  272,  1.  2. 

51,  2..  419,  2,1). 

9  .  .  384,  II.  1. 

is  .  .  545  3. 

3  .  .  545. 

10  .  .  442,  1. 

is.  .374,  4;  525. 

5  .  .  549. 

i2  .  .  379. 

63,  i  .  .  491. 

6  .  .  384,  2. 

14  .  .  421,  II. 

2  .  .  151,  4. 

7  .  .  418. 

57,  2  .  .  442,  1. 

»-.  .431,  2,  (1). 

8  .  .  444,  1  &  4. 

4  .-.  414,  5,  1), 

4  .  .  520,  II. 

TABLE  OF   REFERENCES. 


225 


Page. 

Page. 

.  273,  1.  2. 

69,  7  .  .  414,  3. 

77,3 

.  414,  3. 

.  518,  II. 

s  .  .  264. 

5 

.491. 

.527. 

70,  i  .  .  518,  II. 

7 

.453;  431,2. 

.  414,  3. 

2  .  .  427,  3. 

8 

.  273,  II.2. 

.  503,  2  :  510. 

4  .  .  495,  3. 

9 

.  583,  2. 

.  379,  1. 

&  .  .  431,  2. 

11 

.419. 

.  422,  1. 

6  .  .  396,  IV. 

12 

.261. 

.566,11.;   580. 

71,  i..  305;  164. 

13 

.  431,  2. 

.577. 

2  .  .  422,  1. 

14 

.  422,  1,  1). 

.494. 

72,  i  .  .  367,  3. 

15 

.  444,  1  &  4. 

.281. 

2  .  .  463,  3. 

17 

.575. 

.  518,  II. 

8  .  .  214,  1. 

78,3 

.  390,  2. 

.500. 

4  .  .  441,  6. 

4 

.  269,  II. 

.  495,  3. 

5  .  .  518.  II. 

5 

.  492,  1. 

.  532,  4. 

8  .  .  587',  I.  5. 

6 

.  367,  3. 

.  525. 

73,  l  .  .  492,  2. 

7 

.270. 

.  542,  1. 

2  .  .  419,  IV. 

11 

.579. 

.  461,  1. 

4  .  ,  398,  4. 

12 

.272,11.    - 

.422,1,  1). 

&  .  .  234. 

79,  i 

.494. 

.273,11. 

s  „  .  273,  I.  2. 

2 

.418. 

.  258,  I.  1. 

7  .  .  273  II. 

4 

.518. 

.  518,  II. 

8.  .419,2,  1). 

5 

.  273,  II. 

.  165,  1. 

10  .  .  258  I.  3. 

6 

.281. 

.234. 

11..  258,  L  4. 

7 

.  422,  1,  1). 

.518. 

12  .  .  270,  II. 

8 

.  378,  1. 

.270. 

13  .  .  430,  431. 

80,  2 

.  414,  7. 

.  518,  II. 

14  .  .  421,  II. 

3 

.  371,  4. 

.492;  374,  4. 

74,  i  .  .  270. 

4 

.  518,  II. 

.  234. 

2  .  .  272. 

5 

.  492,  4. 

.426. 

3  .  .  426. 

7 

.  492,  2. 

.531. 

&..  422,  1,1). 

81,   4 

.  422,  1,  1). 

.269. 

6  .  .  494. 

5 

.  419,  IV. 

.  492,  2. 

7  .  .  292,  2  :  367,  3. 

6 

.  418. 

.  530,  1. 

8  .  .  453  ;  431,  2. 

7 

.  234  ;  482,  2. 

.  402,  1. 

9  .  .  273,  II. 

8 

.518. 

.  495,  2. 

11  .  .  587,  L  2. 

9 

.  371,  4. 

.  272,  1. 

12  .  .  273,  II. 

12 

.  549,  4. 

.  272,  II. 

is  .  .  286,  1. 

13 

.569. 

.  434,  1. 

*4  .  .  378,  1. 

14 

.525. 

.418. 

75,  i  ..425,2,2). 

82,  i 

.  492,  % 

.378. 

4  .  .  520,  II. 

2 

.  495,  3. 

.491. 

5  .  .  414. 

4 

.429. 

.  425,  2. 

6  .  .  430,  431. 

5 

.  578,  V. 

.  492,  2. 

7  .  .  580. 

6 

.549. 

.518. 

s  .  .  565,  1. 

7 

.575. 

.492. 

9  .  .  425. 

8 

.500. 

.  431,  2  (3). 

10  .  .  518,  II. 

11 

.  397,  2. 

.442,1. 

n  .  .  566,  1. 

12 

.  258,  I.  1. 

.  399,  2. 

76    i  .  .  258,  1.  2. 

13 

.  491. 

.  367,  3. 

2  .  .  260. 

14 

.  414,  3. 

.492. 

s  .  .  575. 

15 

.  271,  3. 

.  500,  2. 

7  .  .  518. 

17 

.  492,  4. 

.  258,  1.  1. 

.    8  .  .  388,  1,  2). 

18 

.  495,  2. 

.269. 

9  .  .  414,  7. 

83,  i 

.  128,  371,  4. 

.  272,  1. 

11  .  .  234. 

3 

.492,  2;  46L 

.379. 

12  .  .  272,  II. 

8 

.  527. 

.  431,  2. 

14  .  .  414. 

9 

.518. 

.426. 

77,  '..414,7. 

IS 

.  545,  3. 

226 


LATIN   READER. 


Page. 

Page. 

Page. 

83,  14  .  .  495 

91,  i*  .  .  486,  5. 

103,  xviii.       .  .  219,    L, 

16..  422,  1,  1). 

14  .  .  399,  2,  2). 

XXXV. 

"  .  .  482,  2. 

92,  i  .  .  385  ;  575. 

104,  xviii.  5    .  .  xxxii. 

w  .  .  414,  4. 

2  .  .  425,  2. 

6    .  .  491. 

84,  i  .  .  551,  3. 

4.  .399,2,2). 

7    .  .  460,      2, 

3  .  .  495,  3. 

5  .  .  275,  I. 

XXXV. 

4  .  .  545,  3. 

11  .  .  442,  1. 

xx.         .  .  571-58L 

6  .  .  414,  2. 

i3..  575;  391,  1. 

106.  xxiv.2)  .  .  525. 

85,  i  .  .  491. 

is  .  .  492,  3. 

"     3)  .  .  527. 

3  .  .  165,  1. 

is  .  .  545,  3. 

"     4)  .  .  531. 

4  .  .  378. 

93,1..  578,  V. 

"     5)  .  .  501,  494, 

8..  414;  705,  II. 

3  .  .  518,  II. 

495. 

9  .  .  396,  V. 

4  .  .  486,  4. 

"     6)  .  .  498,  499. 

11  .  .  273,  II. 

6  .  .  165,  1. 

"3,1).  .501. 

12  .  .  278,  2. 

8  .  .  419,  I. 

107,     "  3,2)  .  .  500,  494. 

86,  i  .  .  425,  3. 

9  .  .  434,  1. 

xxv.       .  .  539. 

2  .  .  414;  3. 

94    i  .  .  492,  4. 

«    2    .  .  545,  1. 

4  .  .  494. 

3  .  .  272,  1. 

*     5  .  .  419,  I. 

4  .  .  429. 

6  .  .  419,  III. 

s  .  .  494. 

Notes. 

s  .  .  269. 

9  .  .  371,  4. 

109,  9,     12    ..  593. 

9  .  .  429. 

i*  .  .  525. 

110,  15,     1    .  .  xxxiii. 

11  .  .  235. 

16  .  .  367,  3. 

22,  15    .  .  602,11.  3. 

87,  l  .  .  545,  3. 

17  .  .  492. 

23,   11    .  .  384,  2. 

3  .  .  569. 

95,  i  .  .  563. 

15    .  .  384,  2. 

5  .  .  414,  4. 

4  .  .  379. 

Ill,  25,     8    .  .  594. 

«  .  .  518,  II. 

&  .  .  396,  III. 

37,     2    .  .  184,  4. 

7  .  .  495,  1. 

e  .  .  498. 

5    .  .  xxxiii. 

88,  2  .  .  335,  4. 

7  .  .  545,  1. 

112,  47,  22    .  .  598,  3. 

3  .  .  434,  1. 

s  .  .  273,  I. 

53,  13    .  .  600. 

4  .  .  523,  3,  2). 

12  .  .  491. 

16    .  .  598,  3. 

&  .  .  234. 

13  .  .  273,  I. 

113,  54,  17    .  .  346,     1  ; 

7  .  .  532,  4. 

96,4..  565,  1. 

584. 

8  .  .  549. 

5  .  .  494. 

56,  20    .  .  xxi. 

89,  3  .  .  495,  2. 

7  .  .  578,  V. 

60,  11    ..198,1.2. 

4  .  .  378,  1. 

8..  214,  I.  1. 

12    .  .  414,  5. 

G  .  .  419,  I. 

9  .  .  518,  I. 

68,     8    .  .  414,  5. 

s  .  .  414,  7. 

97,  i  .  .  434,  1. 

23    .  .  196,  I.  2. 

9  .  .  419,  2. 

2  .  .  547. 

71,     4    .  .  594,  I. 

1)0,  i  ..  563. 

3  .  .  378. 

114,  77,  11    .  .  viii. 

4  .  .  518,  I. 

4  .  .  419,  III. 

86,    6    .  .  421,  II. 

5  .  .  414,  4. 

*  .  .  494. 

87,    2    .  .  421,    II, 

6..  399,  2,  2). 

6  .  .  501,  L 

51,6. 

7  .  .  428. 

115,  89,  17    .  .  273. 

s  .  .  579,  V. 

Suggestions. 

92,     5    .  .  487. 

y  .  .  587,  L  5. 

99,  v.      .  .  345,  1. 

11    .  .  602,  III. 

10  .  .  575. 

100,  vi.    ..345,  II.,  III. 

2. 

11  .  .  269. 

101,  xi.     .  .  345,  I. 

95,    6    .  .  585,  1. 

i2  .  .  494. 

*       1    .  .  347,  350. 

116,  98,     5    ..549,4,1). 

13  .  .  565,  1. 

102,    '       2    ..352. 

99,    2    .  .  528. 

i*  .  .  379. 

'       3    .  .  354-356. 

100,        .  .  357,  1. 

91,  2  .  .  414,  3. 

xiii.       .  .  345,  II. 

101,        ..396,2,3),, 

3  .  .  518,  II. 

'       1    .  .  357. 

103,         .  .  589,  590. 

6  .  .  429. 

<       3    .  .  345,  2. 

104,         .  .  525,  1. 

8  .  .  450,  2.  (1). 

xiv.  5    .  .  353. 

117,  108,        .  .  530,  1. 

9  .  .  580. 

103,  xv.         .  .  345,  III. 

109,        .  .  518,  II.  ; 

10  .  .  545,  1. 

xvi.   1    .  .  345,  III. 

367,  3. 

11  .  .  414,  2. 

xviii.2    .  .  313,  II. 

110,        .  .  579. 

TABLE  OF  REFERENCES. 


227 


Page. 

Page. 

Vocabulary. 

117,  111, 

.  .  414,    5  ; 

131,  210 

.  .  550,  587, 

Objecto, 

.  .  332,  1. 

488,  3. 

1.2. 

OCCUITO, 

.  .  273,  I.  2. 

112, 

.  .  357,  1. 

211 

.  602,  II.  1. 

Parum, 

.  .  305. 

118,  132, 

.  .  460,  2. 

131,  212 

.  492,  1. 

Que, 

.  .  587,  I.  3. 

119,  141, 

.  .  520,  It. 

213 

.579. 

Senex 

.  .  168,  3. 

145, 

.  .  417,  3. 

132,  215 

.  518,  II. 

Similiter, 

.  .  305,  2. 

147 

2  .  .  549. 

133,  219 

.  550. 

Soleo, 

.  .  271,  3. 

147; 

11  .  .  419,  iv. 

220 

.  516,  III. 

Sustento, 

.  .  332,  I. 

120,  148 

.  .  379. 

221 

.  530,  I. 

Tento, 

.  .    " 

149 

.  .  579. 

134,  221 

.541,   I. 

Tune, 

.  .396,2,4). 

1.21,  157 

..441,6. 

224 

.602,11.3. 

Uterque, 

.  .  151,  4. 

160 

.  .  378. 

227 

.554,   III. 

Verso, 

.  .  332,  I.  2. 

122,  161 

..384,11.1. 

135,  229 

.530,481,1. 

Volo, 

.  .  389,  2. 

163 

.  .  414,  5. 

232 

.  516,  II. 

About, 

.  .  231. 

165 

.  .  550. 

136,  233 

.575,  549. 

Because  of, 

.  .  414,  2. 

123,  177 

.  .  396,    IV. 

235 

.580. 

By, 

.  .  414. 

124,  179 

.  .  550. 

137,  246,  2 

.  549,  4. 

Content, 

.  .  419,  IV. 

180 

.  .  520,  II. 

246,9 

.  384,  II.  1. 

For, 

.  .  414,  416. 

183 

.  .  495,      3  ; 

Free, 

.  .  425,  3. 

125,  187 

421,  II. 
..270,  213, 

Vocabulary. 

From, 
In, 

.  .421,425,3. 
.  .  421,  414, 

II. 

Acriter 

.305. 

426. 

« 

..492,      2; 

Alter 

.  151,  2. 

Let, 

.  .  487,  534. 

374,  4. 

Ambo, 

.  175,  2. 

Liberate, 

.  .  425,  3. 

126,  191 

..42,111.2. 

An, 

.346,11.2. 

May  have, 

.  .  485,  487. 

192 

.  .  492,  594, 

Audeo, 

.  271,  3. 

Must, 

.  .  232. 

I. 

Aufugio, 

.  338,  1. 

My, 

.  .  185,  1. 

« 

.  .  258,  1.  1. 

Bene, 

.  305,  2. 

Nothing, 

.  .  42,  III.  1. 

193 

.  .  598,      3  ; 

Capesso, 

.  332,  4. 

Of,  on  account 

421,  II. 

Castellum, 

.  315,  3. 

of, 

.  .  414. 

127,  195 

..431,2,3). 

Celeriter, 

.  305,  2. 

On, 

.  .  426. 

197 

.  .  352,  II. 

Deus, 

.  51,  5. 

Ought, 

.  .  232, 

128,  200 

.  .  549,  4. 

Ego, 

.  184,  6. 

Plunder, 

.  .  419,  2. 

202 

..421,  II.; 

Gandeo, 

.  271,  3. 

See  that, 

.  .  535,  1. 

398,  4. 

Habito, 

.  332,  I.  2. 

Some, 

.  .  191,  1. 

203 

.  .  65,  3,  1). 

Honorifice, 

.305. 

Son, 

.  .  52,  2. 

129,  204 

.  .  258,  I.  1  ; 
396,  II. 

Junior, 
Magnifice, 

.  168,  3. 
.305. 

That, 

.  .  490,  558  ; 
I. 

205 

.  .  378. 

Male, 

.305. 

To, 

..383,  384, 

130,  205 

.  .  431,     2  ; 

Meclius, 

.  441,  6. 

2. 

594. 

Ne, 

.346,11.1. 

With, 

.  .  434,       5, 

206 

.  .520,414,4. 

Nonne, 

.  346,  II.  1. 

414. 

208 

.  .  602,111.2. 

Num, 

<t 

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